1,721,012 research outputs found
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Contributions of the mother–infant relationship to dissociative, borderline, and conduct symptoms in young adulthood
No full textRecent high-risk longitudinal studies have documented a unique contribution of the quality of the early mother–child relationship to diverse forms of psychopathology in young adulthood, even with family economic status, later traumatic experiences, and some genetic factors controlled. In addition, measures of attachment-related deviations in caregiver–infant interaction predict more than measures of infant attachment behavior alone. This article reviews those findings in the context of cross-disciplinary thinking on the importance of shared subjectivities in human evolution and development and in the context of recent studies beginning to map the intersection between processes of interaction and the development of the child's propensities to share mental states with others.Version of Recor
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Methodological challenges in identifying parenting behaviors as potential targets for intervention: Commentary on Stepp et al. (2011).
No full textComments on an article Children of mothers with borderline personality disorder: Identifying parenting behaviors as potential targets for intervention by Stepp, Whalen, Pilkonis, Hipwell, and Levine (see record 2011-05873-001). The authors have offered us an extremely timely paper, given the surge of interest in borderline psychopathology in general, and its parenting correlates in particular. This is an ambitious overview that assesses the current state of knowledge concerning the parenting of mothers with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The authors also grapple with what we can make of this literature in setting directions for prevention/intervention strategies for children of parents with BPD. This was a comprehensive and thoughtful review. This commentary elaborate on three issues brought to the fore by the current paper.Accepted Manuscrip
La disociación y el diálogo infanto-parental: una perspectiva longitudinal a partir de la investigación sobre apego
No full textHa habido dos estudios sobre apego en familias de riesgo social que han seguido a sus infantes hasta el final de la adolescencia. Han surgido varios hallazgos clave relacionados con resultados de interés para los psicoanalistas. En primer lugar, los datos provenientes de ambos estudios indican que las conductas de apego desorganizado durante la infancia son importantes precursores de sintomatología disociativa posterior. En segundo lugar, esta vulnerabilidad temprana se relaciona con patrones de comunicación afectiva entre padres e infante, especialmente con las conductas más silenciosas como la indisponibilidad emocional o la inversión de roles, y no parece residir únicamente en el infante. Finalmente, los resultados sugieren que la calidad de la relación de apego puede explicar en parte por qué algunas personas expuestas a un trauma posterior desarrollan síntomas disociativos mientras que otras no lo hacen. Parafraseando a Dori Laub (1993), la observación sin reconocimiento por parte de la madre en la infancia puede constituir una condición previa para el reconocimiento o la falta del mismo por parte de su hijo/a al final de la adolescencia. Sin embargo, sigue sin estar claro si la relación temprana es predictiva debido principalmente a la aparición de un proceso defensivo interno durante la infancia o si su poder de predicción reside principalmente en hacer perdurar los patrones de diálogo padres-hijo/a que refuerzan continuamente los contenidos mentales contradictorios y segregados del niño
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The two‐person unconscious: Intersubjective dialogue, enactive relational representation, and the emergence of new forms of relational organization
No full textVersion of Recor
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Play, Precariousness, and the Negotiation of Shared Meaning: A Developmental Research Perspective on Child Psychotherapy
No full textRecent work in developmental psychology and primatology indicates that human infants are distinguished from other primates by the end of the 1st year by their awareness that others have subjective states like their own. This early appearing awareness of the subjectivity of others forms the basis for the subsequent negotiation and elaboration of “we-ness,” that is, of shared orientations toward the world that allow the child to enter into collaborative relations with others. It is argued that this gradual working out of collaborative strategies for the elaboration of shared meanings is a principal function of joint pretend play in early childhood, and this is one of the critical developmental functions addressed in psychodynamic play therapy. Developmental theory and research contributing to this perspective is integrated with excerpts from children's joint pretend play and from play therapy case material to illustrate the precarious and improvisational nature of the negotiation of shared meaning.Version of Recor
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Disorganization of Attachment Strategies in Infancy and Childhood
No full textVersion of Recor
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BPD's Interpersonal Hypersensitivity Phenotype: A Gene-Environment-Developmental Model
No full textThis paper explores the development of BPD as it might emerge in the child's early interpersonal reactions and how such reactions might evolve into the interpersonal pattern that typifies BPD. It begins to bridge the relevant bodies of clinical literature on the borderline's prototypic interpersonal problems with the concurrently expanding relevant literature on early child development. We will start by considering how a psychobiological disposition to BPD is likely to include a constitutional diathesis for relational reactivity, that is, for hypersensitivity to interpersonal stressors. Data relevant to this disposition's manifestations in adult clinical samples and to its heritability and neurobiology will be reviewed. We then consider how such a psychobiological disposition for interpersonal reactivity might contribute to the development of a disorganized-ambivalent form of attachment, noting especially the likely contributions of both the predisposed child and of parents who are themselves predisposed to maladaptive responses, leading to an escalation of problematic transactions. Evidence concerning both the genetics and the developmental pathways associated with disorganized attachments will be considered. Emerging links between such developmental pathways and adult BPD will be described, in particular the potential appearance by early- to middle-childhood of controlling-caregiving or controlling-punitive interpersonal strategies. Some implications from this gene-environment interactional theory for a better developmental understanding of BPD's etiology are discussed.Accepted Manuscrip
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Dose–Response Effect of Mother–Infant Clinical Home Visiting on Aggressive Behavior Problems in Kindergarten
No full textObjective
The objective of this follow-up study was to assess the long-term effects of clinical infant home-visiting services on child outcomes at school entry.
Method
Participants were 63 five-year-olds from low-income families, half of whom were referred to parent–infant home-visiting services during the first 18 months of life due to concerns about the caretaking environment. Families received between 0 and 18 months of weekly home visits based on infant age at entry into the study. At age 5, children were rated by teachers on the Preschool Behavior Questionnaire for behavior problems in the classroom and by parents both on the Simmons Behavior Checklist for behavior problems at home and on the Achenbach Social Competence Items for positive play behaviors with friends.
Results
With initial family risk status and child gender controlled, teacher-rated hostile behavior problems decreased in dose–response relation to the duration of early home-visiting services, which accounted for 15% of the variance in child hostile behavior. Parents’ reports of positive play behaviors were positively linearly related to service duration. Parents’ reports of behavior problems were less reliably related to service duration than teacher reports.
Conclusions
Early home-visiting services reduced the incidence of aggressive behavior problems among socially at-risk children for up to 3.5 years after the end of services.Accepted Manuscrip
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Disorganized infant attachment strategies and helpless-fearful profiles of parenting: Integrating attachment research with clinical intervention
No full textIn this article, recent research on parenting behaviors associated with infant attachment disorganization is summarized and applied to a parent–infant psychotherapy case. Both hostile/self-referential and helpless-fearful patterns of parenting are described and viewed theoretically as alternate aspects of a single hostile-helpless internal working model of attachment relationships. The case material focuses on the more subtle and harder to identify manifestations of a helpless-fearful parental stance. Some attachment-related treatment guidelines for working with a hostile-helpless parenting stance are suggested, including challenging the hostile-helpless model implicitly in the qualities of the therapist's approach to the parent, explicitly articulating the hostile-helpless bind with the parent, increasing the parent's openness to a wider range of affective experience, differentiating attachment-related needs from other communications of the baby, and developing new skills for balancing the needs of the self and the needs of the other in interaction with the baby.Version of Recor
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