1,720,977 research outputs found
The skills to quit: acquisition of skillful behaviours and emotional competencies in DBT as a mediator of drug absinence and psychopathology
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Expressive control and emotion perception: The impact of expressive suppression and mimicry on sensitivity to facial expressions of emotion
No full textA preliminary investigation of self-reported personality disorders in late life: Prevalence, predictors of depressive severity, and clinical correlates
No full textPrevious research suggests that personality disorders, particularly in clusters A and C, persist into late life, are particularly prevalent in late-life depressed samples, and negatively impact treatment of late-life depression. The present study examined the self-reported personality disorder traits of a sample of 65 depressed elders using the Wisconsin Personality Disorder Inventory IV (WISPI IV). As expected, clusters A and C were most prevalent and the presence of a personality disorder predicted the maintenance or re-emergence of depressive symptoms, as did hopelessness and ambivalence regarding emotional expression. No specific personality disorder traits were associated with clinical features of late-life depression (age of onset, number of previous episodes) while some personality disorder traits were associated with psychological correlates of depression (hopelessness, ambivalence regarding emotional expression, thought suppression). A theoretical explanation for the cluster prevalence based on self-verification is discussed along with a profile of elderly patients who may have poor depression treatment course if they exhibit personality disorder traits, particularly interpersonal rigidity or avoidance, chronic hopelessness, and emotional inhibition.<br/
That “poker face” just might lose you the game! The impact of expressive suppression and mimicry on sensitivity to facial expressions of emotion
No full textSuccessful interpersonal functioning often requires both the ability to mask inner feelings and the ability to accurately recognize others’ expressions—but what if effortful control of emotional expressions impacts the ability to accurately read others? In this study, we examined the influence of self-controlled expressive suppression and mimicry on facial affect sensitivity—the speed with which one can accurately identify gradually intensifying facial expressions of emotion. Muscle activity of the brow (corrugator, related to anger), upper lip (levator, related to disgust), and cheek (zygomaticus, related to happiness) were recorded using facial electromyography while participants randomized to one of three conditions (Suppress, Mimic, and No-Instruction) viewed a series of six distinct emotional expressions (happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust) as they morphed from neutral to full expression. As hypothesized, individuals instructed to suppress their own facial expressions showed impairment in facial affect sensitivity. Conversely, mimicry of emotion expressions appeared to facilitate facial affect sensitivity. Results suggest that it is difficult for a person to be able to simultaneously mask inner feelings and accurately “read” the facial expressions of others, at least when these expressions are at low intensity. The combined behavioral and physiological data suggest that the strategies an individual selects to control his or her own expression of emotion have important implications for interpersonal functioning
Parental disclosure of child psychosocial concerns: Relationship to physician identification and management
No full textBackground: physician identification and management of psychosocial problems in children is related to parental disclosure. The purpose of this research was to evaluate a method of prompting parental disclosure of such problems and to determine the impact of parental disclosure on family physicians' identification of and intervention for childhood psychosocial problems.Methods: participants were parents and physicians of 60 children between the ages of 3 and 10 years attending an ambulatory care clinic of a community-based, university-affiliated family medicine training program. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist and also indicated whether psychosocial problems were discussed or managed. Physicians completed a checklist about the psychosocial status of the child and potential interventions for identified problems. One half of the participating parents formed the experimental group and were also asked to note their concerns on a Psychosocial Checklist for Children and to discuss these concerns with their child's physician; the other half of parents received no such checklist and acted as the control group. All interactions between parents and physicians were videotaped.Results: the number of parental psychosocial disclosures, but not the number of parents who disclosed them, was significantly higher for the experimental group. Physicians were three times as likely to identify a psychosocial problem and 10 times as likely to intervene when parents discussed psychosocial concerns.Conclusions: parents' disclosure of psychosocial concerns to their child's physician increases the likelihood of physicians identifying and intervening for these problems. The finding that physicians intervened for psychosocial problems even when they failed to record these problems suggests that research needs to focus on measuring both intervention and identificatio
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