1,721,008 research outputs found
The Grammatica da Lingua Italiana para os Portuguezes by Antonio Prefumo: between the traditional and the conversational method
No full textWithin the Italian FL2 grammatical tradition, the 19th century is a very fruitful period. In other contributions, we have highlighted how several Portuguese and Italian figures connected to the circle of the S. Carlos Theatre in Lisbon act as preceptors and compose some grammars, which contain a strong normative part and, at the same time, connect themselves to the conversational tradition: among these works, the Grammatica da Lingua Italiana para os Portuguezes by Antonio Prefumo (Lisbon, 1829) plays a central role, as it goes through four editions over almost forty years. The paper analyses the social and intellectual context of production of this text, besides outlining the author’s profile and providing a philological reconstruction of the sources and models adopted. Furthermore, the paper attempts an analysis of the Grammatica that, on the one hand, highlights both the heritage of the vernacular and Enlightenment grammatical traditions and its innovative aspects and, on the other hand, compares the various editions through the study of their macro-textual areas. The methodology underlying our description follows that proposed by Swiggers (2006, 168) being based on four aspects: the analysis of the author, the audience, the subject described and its form. This approach places the author at the centre of a historical conjuncture in which the traditional grammatical method was associated with that of conversation, responding to the demand of an audience that increasingly approached the study of FL for practical reasons, rather than to meet the traditional educational demands of the upper classes
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF LYMPHOPOIESIS IN THE BURSA OF FABRICIUS IN GALLUS-DOMESTICUS
No full textIt has been proposed that the anatomical connection between the bursa of Fabricius and the cloaca is the pathway for unknown intestinal factors which are necessary for the induction of normal bursal lymphopoiesis. It has also been suggested that normal lymphopoiesis occurs only if nerve and vascular connections are intact. Experiments were performed to test these hypotheses. To test the influence of the intestinal contents, the bursal stalk was cut on the 16th day of incubation or at hatching. In this way, contact between the bursa and the intestinal flow in embryos was avoided and bacterial contamination of the bursa at hatching was also avoided. No change in the bursal follicles was observed. To study the influence of the nervous system on bursal lymphopoiesis, the bursa was isolated from the cloaca at hatching, and by maintaining vascularization the bursa was sutured to the peritoneum of the abdominal wall after scratching the contact surfaces. Once a new vascular network was established, one fragment of bursa was completely isolated from its normal anatomical site, causing interruption of the blood vessels and nerves of the bursa. The histological appearance of the bursa was not changed. It would appear that the integrity of the anatomical relation between bursa and cloaca and an intact nerve supply is not necessary for normal lymphopoiesis to occur in the bursa of Fabricius. In contrast, sufficient vascularization appears to be essential
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE LYMPHOID-FOLLICLE ASSOCIATED EPITHELIAL-CELLS
No full textThe esterase activity in the bursa of Fabricius in 10-day-old chicks is examined by means of serial sections obtained by cutting along the major axis of the lymphoid follicles. The positivity for this enzymatic reaction is not only confined to the FAE (follicle associated epithelial) cells of the epithelial frame-work and to isolated cells belonging to the medullary part of the follicle, but it extends in a club-shaped morphological continuity from the FAE cells towards the centre of the follicle. A similar image with a high affinity for acid stainings was also found by means of the H and E technique in suitably orientated sections. Morphological continuity between the FAE cells and the centre-medullary part leads us to suppose the FAE cells and the cells of the centre-medullary part may have a common origin. In the present work, we consider the possibility of FAE cells being of mesenchymatic origin because, besides the fact that they are in continuity with the centre-medullary cells, they appear after CFU (Colony Forming Units) migration, they have no basal lamina, they have certain features which are present in mesenchymatic cells belonging to the histiocytic line, like high esterase activity and micropinocytotic capability and, finally, they are sensitive to carrageenan and silica, which is a peculiarity of macrophages
Lymphopoiesis in the bursa of Fabricius without continuity and contiguity with the cloaca: preliminary studies
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Thinking with things that learn
Full text linkThis paper investigates the relationship between thinking and the human interaction with things which, in the last decades, was greatly enriched by the diffusion of computational technologies. The analysis of this relationship is reported with a focus on the type of things that might be involved in the interaction, from daily life objects and materials, to computational artefacts, and to computational artefacts able to learn. In particular, machine-learning is presented as an emerging design material able to enhance thinking by fostering a reflection on how machines can learn, on their identity and on the qualities of the input from which they learn. These considerations are at the basis of an exploration of machine learning as a design material for the development of learning artefacts for children. This investigation was carried out by adopting a Research through Design approach, particularly characterized by practice-based design activities. These consisted mainly in prototyping, from low-fidelity paper mock-ups, to physical computing prototypes, to playing with an open-source machine learning software. This process resulted in the development of two artefacts, Shybo and Pinocchietto, that were used as part of two different playful learning experiences with children in primary schools. The two activities were characterized by a different use of the involved robot. In the first case, Shybo supported a reflection on colours and sounds. In the second case, Pinocchietto was used to reflect on the similarities and differences between machines and humans, and to reflect on the robot functioning by formulating hypothesis and testing them out. The two artefacts and the related experiences are reported with the aim of contributing to the understanding of the learning ability, machine-learning in this specific case, as a design material to support thinking. To this end, the final part of the article reports observations regarding the activities providing insights about how the artefacts were perceived, children attitude toward the experience, and machine learning features. These observations are also used to introduce also emerging design opportunities
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in intravenous administration is not present in the bursal lumen after interruption of the connection between the bursa and cloaca
No full textNear future cities of things: Addressing dilemmas through design fiction
No full textThe smart city infrastructure will soon start to include smart agents, i.e., agentic things, which co-exist and co-perform with human citizens. This near-future scenario explores the flexible types of collaborations and relationships between the human and nonhuman citizens. Drawing on current technology forecasts and AI/robotics literature, we created five fictional concepts for reflecting on themes we deem important for such collaborations: responsibility, delegation, relationship, priority, and adaptation. The promises, challenges and threats of these themes are discussed in this paper, together with the new questions that were opened up through the use of design fiction as a method
BURSA OF FABRICIUS ISOLATED FROM INTESTINAL FLOW IN CHICKEN AT HATCHING - SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
No full textA proposed operational technique is described whereby the intestinal flow from the Bursa of Fabricius in chickens at hatching is excluded
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