572 research outputs found
Social crowding-induced sensitization to morphine psychomotor effect: An individual difference perspective
No full textModulation of medial prefrontal cortical dopamine on the expression of morphine-induced sensitization in rats
No full textA study of chemical structure in "barkinite" using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
No full textThe Late Permian coals from south China are unique in their high content of "barkinite" and elemental hydrogen, and typically produce high yields of tar. "Barkinite" has often been identified as suberinite for a long time, but now many Chinese workers have concluded that "barkinite'" is not suberinite, rather it is a distinct maceral. The term "barkinite" was formally certified and named by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision of the People's Republic of China in 1991, 1995 and 1999; however, it has not been recognized as a scientific term by international coal geologists and ICCP, and TSOP have not recognized the term, either. The petrographic characteristics of "barkinite" and suberinite show that the biggest difference between them is in the cell fillings. Therefore, in the paper, a new in situ microprobe mass chemical analytical method, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) was first used to study the chemical structure of cell walls and cell fillings of "barkinite". The results indicate that the chemical structures of cell fillings and cell walls are similar to each other, They are all mostly composed of aliphatic compounds (such as alkane and alkene), and followed by aromatic compounds and alkyl aromatics, in addition to minor amounts of heteroatomic compounds (such as alkoxyl and alkylamine). Based on these, we can deduce that the cell cavities of "barkinite" were mainly filled by original lipid, which were derived from cell secretion of "barkinite" itself, But suberinite is defined only as suberinized cell walls in cork tissue, and cell cavities were usually filled by secondary gelification materials (such as corpocollinite), these characteristics are quite different from those of "barkinite". The chemical characteristics of "barkinite" shown in SIMS spectra coincide with those inferred from its petrographic characteristics. The high content of hydrogen. the high tar yields and the high hydrocarbon generation potential of Late Permian coals from south China are attributed to the high aliphatic content of "barkinite". (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BN. All rights reserved.Energy & FuelsGeosciences, MultidisciplinarySCI(E)EI15ARTICLE11-84
K+ -> pi(+) nu(nu)over-bar and FCNC from nonuniversal Z(') bosons
No full textMotivated by the E787 and E949 result for K+-->pi(+)nu(nu) over bar we examine the effects of a new nonuniversal right-handed Z(') boson on flavor changing processes. We place bounds on the tree-level flavor-changing neutral current from K-(K) over bar and B-(B) over bar mixing as well as from the observed CP violation in kaon decay. We discuss the implications for K-->pinu(nu) over bar, B-->Xnu(nu) over bar and B-->tau(+)tau(-). We find that the existing bounds allow substantial enhancements in the K+-->pi(+)nu<(nu())over bar> rate, particularly through a new one-loop Z(') penguin operator.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000224275200008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Astronomy & AstrophysicsPhysics, Particles & FieldsSCI(E)28ARTICLE5null7
Novelty-seeking behavior and stress-induced locomotion in rats of juvenile period differentially related to morphine place conditioning in their adulthood
No full textThe relationship between motor responses in a novel environment and susceptibility to place conditioning effect of psychostimulants has been reported in adult rats. However, it is in question whether this correlation could be generalized to motor activity in rats of juvenile period and place conditioning effect in their adulthood for narcotic morphine. In the present study, we tested locomotor activity in an arena open-field and the subsequent novelty-seeking behavior after adaptation process in juvenile rats (P42) and morphine (2 mg/kg) place conditioning effect 56 days later in the same rats' adulthood (P98). Our results showed that rats with high response to novelty (HRN) spent more prolonged duration in the drug-paired compartment in the place conditioning test compared with their low response counterparts (LRN), with the latter group no salient change on this measure. Moreover, rats with high response to the open-field test (HRS) expressed equally elevated duration in drug-paired side relative to their low response counterparts (LRS). The present research demonstrated that novelty-seeking behavior and locomotor activity in the open-field in rats of juvenile period differentially related to morphine place conditioning in their adulthood, with slow acquisition of morphine place conditioning effect in LRN animalsThe relationship between motor responses in a novel environment and susceptibility to place conditioning effect of psychostimulants has been reported in adult rats. However, it is in question whether this correlation could be generalized to motor activity in rats of juvenile period and place conditioning effect in their adulthood for narcotic morphine. In the present study, we tested locomotor activity in an arena open-field and the subsequent novelty-seeking behavior after adaptation process in juvenile rats (P42) and morphine (2 mg/kg) place conditioning effect 56 days later in the same rats' adulthood (P98). Our results showed that rats with high response to novelty (HRN) spent more prolonged duration in the drug-paired compartment in the place conditioning test compared with their low response counterparts (LRN), with the latter group no salient change on this measure. Moreover, rats with high response to the open-field test (HRS) expressed equally elevated duration in drug-paired side relative to their low response counterparts (LRS). The present research demonstrated that novelty-seeking behavior and locomotor activity in the open-field in rats of juvenile period differentially related to morphine place conditioning in their adulthood, with slow acquisition of morphine place conditioning effect in LRN animals. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Thickness influence of thermal oxide layers on the formation of self-catalyzed InAs nanowires on Si(111) by MOCVD
No full textThe ability of acute corticosterone to facilitate morphine-induced conditioned locomotion activity can be dissociated from its effects on conditioned place preference
No full textMolecular dynamics study on the structural and dynamic properties of xanthan gum in a dilute solution under the effect of temperature
No full textXanthan gum (XG) is considered one of the most industrially important polysaccharides, with applications ranging from food products such as ice creams and salad dressings to pharmaceuticals and oil well drilling fluids. The wide application of XG is due to its favourable rheological properties and its capability to resist degradation under a high shear or high temperature environment. It is generally accepted that both inter- and intramolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding (HB), are responsible for its unique properties. To date, there is still a lack of comprehensive examination on the HB mechanism in polysaccharides. Therefore, the study proposed here was conducted using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that are able to provide insights with an unparalleled temporal and spatial resolution. Since XG is used over a broad range of temperatures, the implications of thermal effect on the structure and molecular interactions of XG in an aqueous solution are discussed in this paper. MD simulations were run at an isobaric-isothermal condition with 1 atm target pressure and five temperatures ranging between 283K and 353K. From the simulation results, an increasingly extended conformation of XG is observed as the temperature rises, and this finding matches qualitatively with the results published in the literature. The radius of gyration, radial pair distribution functions and intramolecular HB of XG were also discussed. The outcomes of the present study may serve as a stepping stone for the future studies on polysaccharides using MD simulations.The authors would like to thank the computational resources and services provided by the National Computational Infrastructure (NCI) that is supported by the Australian Government. The financial support received from the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship is also greatly appreciated.Peer-reviewe
Effects of xanthan-locust bean gum mixtures on the physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of whey protein stabilised oil-in-water emulsions
No full textThe effects of xanthan gum (XG)-locust bean gum (LBG) mixtures (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.5 wt%) on the physicochemical properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing 20% v/v menhaden oil was investigated. The apparent viscosity of the emulsions containing XG/LBG mixtures was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the emulsions containing either XG or LBG alone at higher concentrations of XG/LBG mixtures. Locust bean gum showed the greatest phase separation, followed by XG. Microstructure images showed depletion flocculation at lower biopolymer concentrations, and thus let led to an increase in creaming in stability and apparent viscosity of the emulsions. Addition of 0.15, 0.2 and 0.5 wt% XG/LBG mixtures greatly decreased the creaming of the emulsions. The rate of lipid oxidation for 8-week storage was significantly lower (p <0.05) in emulsions containing XG/LBG mixtures than in emulsions containing either of the biopolymer alone
Approaching nearly zero energy of PV direct air conditioners by integrating building design, load flexibility and PCM
No full textThe energy matching of PV driven air conditioners is influenced by building load demand and PV generation. Merely increasing energy performance of building or PV capacity separately may improve the energy balance on a large time resolution, the real-time energy mismatching problem is still serious. In this study, a coordinated optimization method of PV capacity, building design, and load flexibility is proposed for improving the real-time energy matching of PVAC system. Then, a methodology integrating data mining method (XG Boost) and parametric simulation was developed to identify the determinant parameters of PV system and building design, exploring feature importance and correlations. The results of XG Boost indicate that the PV capacity, shape factor, and SHGC are the most critical factors. Finally, based on the optimized building design, the PCM layer was applied to improve the real time energy matching. To achieve a goal of 90 % ZEP, the PCM capacity can be decreased by 50.4 % and 62.8 % in Guangzhou and Shanghai in the optimized building. Moreover, the PV capacity can be reduced by 23 % in Guangzhou. The findings of this study provide practical guidance for designing PVAC system coupling with building design and energy storage devices.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Environmental & Climate Desig
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