30 research outputs found
Pulin B. Nayak, Economic Development of India
No full textAbstract. The paradigm shift in economic policy in the 1990s elicited a tremendous interest in the pace and pattern of economic development of India. Indian economic policies as also the process of her development is being closely monitored and written about by academics, global institutions, think tanks, media, political analysts and civil society within and outside the country. The development issues of erstwhile British colonies did not attract adequate academic attention for the most part of the twentieth century. A four volume compendium of 75 papers giving a comprehensive account of the development process of the Indian economy by Pulin Nayak is a timely and valuable contribution to the pool of studies being carried out on India in different parts of the globe. Introduction to the four volume book reflects the scholarship of the author, which will be of immense academic value to anyone who is interested in the historical backdrop of the development path chosen by the Indian leaders after Independence of the country in 1947. It builds on the discourse of development economics for low income countries.Keywords. Economic Development, Indian economy.JEL. F60, F63, I15, I25, N01, O00, O10
Cumulative learning
No full textAn important feature of human learning is the ability to continuously accept new information and unify it with existing knowledge, a process that proceeds largely automatically and without catastrophic side-effects. A generally intelligent machine (AGI) should be able to learn a wide range of tasks in a variety of environments. Knowledge acquisition in partially-known and dynamic task-environments cannot happen all-at-once, and AGI-aspiring systems must thus be capable of cumulative learning: efficiently making use of existing knowledge while learning new things, increasing the scope of ability and knowledge incrementally—without catastrophic forgetting or damaging existing skills. Many aspects of such learning have been addressed in artificial intelligence (AI) research, but relatively few examples of cumulative learning have been demonstrated to date and no generally accepted explicit definition exists of this category of learning. Here we provide a general definition of cumulative learning and describe how it relates to other concepts frequently used in the AI literature.Information and Communication Technolog
Can serum progesterone concentration direct a fresh or freeze-all transfer strategy in the first in vitro fertilisation cycle?
No full textPublished online: 3 April 2024Purpose: To examine the interaction between serum progesterone concentration on the trigger day and choice of freeze-all and fresh transfer strategies on live birth in an unselected population as well as in patients over 35 years old. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 26,661 patients commencing their first IVF cycle in a large fertility centre between 2015 and 2019, including 4687 patients over 35 years old. We performed a multivariable fractional polynomial interaction analysis within a logistic regression model to investigate the interaction between serum progesterone concentration and the choice of freeze-all or fresh transfer strategy following the first transfer. Results: 15,539 patients underwent a fresh embryo transfer and 11,122 underwent a freeze-all strategy in their first IVF cycle. The freeze-all group had a higher live birth rate compared to the fresh group (43.9% vs 40.3%). After adjusting for confounding factors, there was a positive interaction between serum progesterone concentrations and the choice of a freezeall versus fresh embryo transfer on live birth (p for interaction 0.0001), with a larger magnitude of effect when progesterone concentration was higher. Such an interaction was also observed in patients over 35 years old (p for interaction 0.01), but the treatment effect curve over progesterone concentrations was almost flat. Conclusions: In an unselected population, frozen transfer is associated with greater chances of live birth, especially in patients with higher serum progesterone concentration. In patients over 35 years old, the benefit of a freeze-all policy appears small across all serum progesterone concentrations.Sarah Hunt, Jing Liu, Pulin Luo, Ying Zhong, Ben W. Mol, Ling Chi, Rui Wan
SSVEP Transient Feature Extraction and Rapid Recognition Method Based on Bistable Stochastic Resonance
No full text#381 : Can Serum Progesterone Concentration Direct a Fresh or Freeze-All Transfer Strategy in the First In Vitro Fertilisation Cycle?
No full textBackground and Aims: The role of progesterone in preparing the endometrium for implantation and sustaining early pregnancy is well established in ART, however the role of serum progesterone measurement within cycles in determining the outcome of embryo transfer (ET) is not defined. This study aimed to examine the interaction between serum progesterone concentration on the day of HCG trigger and choice of freeze-all and fresh transfer strategies on live birth. Method: We retrospectively studied 26661 women (Chengdu Xinan Hospital) commencing their first IVF cycle using autologous gametes between January 2015 and September 2019. We excluded cycles where oocyte retrieval was cancelled or no embryos were available for transfer, cycles where fresh or frozen transfer was determined by patient preference, and when serum progesterone on day of HCG was [Formula: see text] 2.0 or [Formula: see text] 20 oocytes were collected. The primary outcome of interest was live birth after 28 weeks gestation following first ET and expressed as an odds ratio (OR). Results: The predicted odds of live birth were greater in the frozen ET group at all progesterone concentrations. The effect was more pronounced with progressive increase in progesterone concentration (Figure 1) and maintained in both unadjusted and adjusted models. For women >35 years (n=4687), a positive interaction between progesterone and treatment effect was present although the treatment effect curve was flattened (p for interaction = 0.01). Conclusion: In an unselected population undergoing IVF/ICSI, there is an increased chance of pregnancy with a freeze all ET strategy at different progesterone concentrations on HCG trigger day. The effect appears to be dose related with increasing magnitude of effect with rising progesterone concentration. This interaction was also observed in subsets of women with single ET and women > 35 years old, however the benefit of a freeze-all policy appears low in these women
Age-dependent differential regulation of anxiety- and depression-related behaviors by neurabin and spinophilin
No full text© 2017 Wu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Affective disorders impact nearly 10% of the adult population in the United States in a given year. Synaptic dysfunction has recently emerged as a key neurobiological mechanism underlying affective disorders such as anxiety and depression. In this study, we investigate the potential role of two synaptic scaffolding proteins, neurabin and spinophilin, in regulating anxiety- and depression-related behaviors at different ages using genetically deficient mice. Loss of the neurabin gene reduces anxiety-like behavior in the elevated zero maze in young adult mice (3–5 months old), but not in middle aged mice (11–13 months old), whereas loss of spinophilin decreases anxiety in middle-aged mice, but not in young adult mice. Neurabin knockout (KO) mice also show reduced immobility in the repeated force swim test (FST) at 3–5 months, but not 11–3 months, of age, compared to age- and strain-matched wild type (WT) controls. Conversely, spinophilin KO mice display a lower level of this behavioral despair than matched WT controls after repeated FST trials at the middle age (11–13 months) but not the young age (3–5 months). Together, these data indicate that, despite their structural similarities and overlapping function in regulating synaptic cytoskeleton, the two homologs neurabin and spinophilin play important yet distinct roles in the regulation of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in an age-dependent manner. Our studies provide new insights into the complex neurobiology of affective disorders
Isolation and Evaluation of Rhizopus arrhizus Strains from Traditional Rice Wine Starters (Jiuqu): Enzyme Activities, Antioxidant Capacity, and Flavour Compounds
No full textSeventy-eight autochthonous strains of Rhizopus arrhizus were isolated from rice wine starter samples across twenty-nine regions in China to evaluate their potential in traditional rice wine fermentation. Strains were assessed for enzyme activity, antioxidant properties, amino acid production, and volatile flavour compounds. Significant variation in enzyme activities was observed, with acidic protease activity ranging from 280 to 1023 U/g, amylase from 557 to 1681 U/g, and esterase from 370 to 2949 U/g. Strains W17 and W42 exhibited the highest enzyme activities and antioxidant capacities, with a total phenolic content of 828 mg/L, total flavonoids of 215 μg/L, and an ABTS scavenging rate of 96.3%. They also produced high levels of glutamic acid (up to 3083 mg/L), enhancing the flavour profile. Histamine levels were low, ranging from 8 to 205 μg/L, ensuring product safety. Analysis of volatile compounds identified 80 substances, including 16 key aroma-active compounds, contributing to a complex flavour profile. These results provide a basis for selecting R. arrhizus strains to optimise rice wine fermentation, addressing market demand for diverse and functional products
