277 research outputs found
Research on Ride-hailing Pricing Strategies
No full textCompared to traditional public transport, ride-hailing makes it possible for people to get a more comfortable and faster riding experience with a higher fare. Ride-sharing fall in between the two, offering a discount at the price level of ride-hailing, yet operates with more detours and less comfortable experience. In this study, with different price levels for ride-hailing and discount rates for ride-sharing, we would like to examine the system performance of co-existence of ride-hailing, ride-sharing and public transport services. We would also like to search for an optimal solution for the ride-hailing & ride-sharing company to maximize its profit. We apply ExMAS, an open-source agent-based model for ride-sharing simulation, to simulate passengers' and vehicles' behavior on a microscopic level, and acquire numbers of results. Based on our model, in the case of Amsterdam, when price level is 1.1 euro/km and discount rate is 0.4, the company could enjoy maximum profit and market share. It is also found that, when price level gets higher more people opt for the competitive mode instead, resulting in the overall profit falling significantly.CIE5050-09 Additional Graduation Work, Research ProjectCivil Engineering | Transport and Plannin
Beyond the dichotomy: How ride-hailing competes with and complements public transport
No full textSince ride-hailing has become an important travel alternative in many cities worldwide, a fervent debate is underway on whether it competes with or complements public transport services. We use Uber trip data in six cities in the United States and Europe to identify the most attractive public transport alternative for each ride. We then address the following questions: (i) How does ride-hailing travel time and cost compare to the fastest public transport alternative? (ii) What proportion of ride-hailing trips do not have a viable public transport alternative? (iii) How does ride-hailing change overall service accessibility? (iv) What is the relation between demand share and relative competition between the two alternatives? Our findings suggest that the dichotomy-competing with or complementing-is false. Though the vast majority of ride-hailing trips have a viable public transport alternative, between 20% and 40% of them have no viable public transport alternative. The increased service accessibility attributed to the inclusion of ride-hailing is greater in our US cities than in their European counterparts. Demand split is directly related to the relative competitiveness of travel times i.e. when public transport travel times are competitive ride-hailing demand share is low and vice-versa.Transport and Plannin
The sharing economy and the job market: the case of ride-hailing drivers in Chile
No full textRide-hailing (ridesourcing) companies such as Uber, Lyft, and Didi Chuxing have been a disruptive force in the urban mobility landscape around the world during the past decade. In this paper, we analyse the working conditions, earnings, and job satisfaction of ride-hailing drivers. We begin by discussing the regulatory, labour, financial, and urban mobility effects of ride-hailing companies. Then, we present the results of a self-administered survey to ride-hailing drivers in Chile, which is complemented with the use of online tools for the estimation of driving earnings. Our findings show that the flexibility to choose work times is the most appreciated attribute of this job, even though most drivers follow a somewhat fixed routine each week. By contrast, the level of transparency with which ride-hailing apps determine driver pay is the attribute with the lowest satisfaction score. A large number of respondents drive for long daily and weekly periods, which is a health and safety hazard. Current drivers are not concerned about the future deployment of driverless vehicles for on-demand mobility services. Ordered probit models for job satisfaction show that ride-hailing was better evaluated by drivers who use it as a complement to another part-time job, by those who earn more money per week, and by those who have not experienced undesirable situations while working, such as harassment or traffic crashes.Learning & Autonomous Contro
Nereus: Anonymous and Secure Ride-Hailing Service based on Private Smart Contracts
No full textSecurity and privacy issues have become a major hindrance to the broad adoption of Ride-Hailing Services (RHSs). In this article, we introduce a new collusion attack initiated by the Ride-Hailing Service Provider (RHSP) and a driver that could easily link the real riders and their anonymous requests (credentials). Besides this attack, existing work requires heavy computations to execute user matching, and it is challenging for riders to verify matching results. Meanwhile, a malicious driver may cancel an assigned ride order due to its short distance. To address these issues, we present a RHS system named Nereus to support collusion resistance, efficiency, verifiability, and accountability. First, we integrate a smart contract into a Software Guard Extensions (SGX) enclave to establish a private smart contract for collusion resistance. We use a Bloom filter to achieve efficient matching. Second, we leverage privacy-preserving range query and Merkle proofs to make matching results verifiable. Meanwhile, we adopt short group signatures to provide anonymous authentication and deposit commitments to hold the runaway driver accountable. We formally state and prove the security and privacy of Nereus. We build a prototype based on Ethereum and SGX to conduct extensive performance analysis in regard to gas costs, computational costs, and communication overhead. Experimental results show that Nereus significantly improves over existing schemes in terms of computational costs.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Intelligent SystemsCyber Securit
Strategic driver repositioning in ride-hailing networks with dual sourcing
No full textIn ride-hailing markets, the spatial mismatch between supply and demand characterizes one of the most fundamental operational bottlenecks. The voluntary customer search of drivers is oftentimes inadequate for narrowing the demand-supply gaps and falls short in responding timely to the dynamic market conditions. To facilitate better supply management, some ride-hailing platforms now adopt a dual-sourcing strategy by converting some freelance drivers as contractors, who would then follow platforms’ guidance on repositioning movements when idle. This paper thus aims to analyze the implications of such a dual-sourcing strategy on the overall operations of ride-hailing services. We consider a monopolistic platform that owns a blended workforce, with freelance drivers searching for customers following their own preferences whilst contracted drivers repositioning in a centralized manner as system actuators. A mixed network equilibrium model is devised to capture the interplay between the idle repositioning movements of both parties. The theoretical existence of the mixed equilibrium is proved, and real-world data is invited to quantify the effects of dual sourcing on various market sectors. Our numerical results confirm the effectiveness of dual sourcing in smoothing operations, increasing customer demand, and driving up the revenue of ride-hailing services. However, the benefit of dual sourcing to the platform remains sensitive to the proportion of contractors in the entire workforce as well as the stimulative commission beyond their regular service income.</p
The job of public transport, ride-hailing and delivery drivers: Conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic and implications for a post-pandemic future
No full textTransport workers were among the most affected by the COVID-19 crisis. In several countries, public transport and delivery drivers were considered essential workers during the pandemic, while the demand changed dramatically. In this context, little is known about the actual effects of the pandemic on the lives of drivers, and whether those effects depend on the type and formality of the corresponding job. In this paper, we analyse the impact of the pandemic on the daily jobs of public transport, ride-hailing, and delivery app drivers: we study changes on working time and income, pandemic-related concerns, and deterioration of job satisfaction, through a survey applied to drivers during the first peak of the pandemic in Santiago, Chile. Probit regressions on job satisfaction identify the main COVID-related experiences that explain variations in subjective perceptions. We then discuss the implications for post-pandemic job relationships, drivers’ working conditions and urban mobility. We show that the unstable characteristics of app-based jobs sharpened during the pandemic: Public transport drivers have kept their jobs, with a similar income as in the pre-pandemic situation and keep their social security, whereas ride-hailing and delivery app drivers do not have social security. Several ride-hailing drivers lost their jobs without any compensation, while delivery drivers earn less money per hour, are more exhausted, and express the greatest concerns and largest decrease in their job satisfaction. The COVID-19 crisis has emphasized that the sustainability of post-pandemic passenger and delivery on-demand services needs to rely on formal job regulation and worker protection
Ride-hailing App Acquisition Strategies of Finnish Dispatch Organizations
No full textAbstractThe Finnish taxi industry has already long been technologically developed, and since 2011 taxi hailing apps have been available in Finland. The amount of these apps has steadily increased, spurred by the arrival of Uber and Taxify in Finland in 2014, and by the de-regulation of the Finnish taxi industry in July 2018. In the present paper, the aim was to identify ridehailing app acquisition related strategies that traditional Finnish dispatch organizations (DOs) employ. A qualitative case study with five focus organizations was conducted between 2018–2020. This study contributes to extant research in two ways. First, by identifying five ride-hailing app strategies employed by DOs (three related to the question of make vs. buy, two related to discontinuing/selling). Second, by showing that different ridehailing apps can play different strategic roles — which helps explain DOs’ multihoming strategy — and that the strategic role of a specific ride-hailing app can change over time.Abstract
The Finnish taxi industry has already long been technologically developed, and since 2011 taxi hailing apps have been available in Finland. The amount of these apps has steadily increased, spurred by the arrival of Uber and Taxify in Finland in 2014, and by the de-regulation of the Finnish taxi industry in July 2018. In the present paper, the aim was to identify ridehailing app acquisition related strategies that traditional Finnish dispatch organizations (DOs) employ. A qualitative case study with five focus organizations was conducted between 2018–2020. This study contributes to extant research in two ways. First, by identifying five ride-hailing app strategies employed by DOs (three related to the question of make vs. buy, two related to discontinuing/selling). Second, by showing that different ridehailing apps can play different strategic roles — which helps explain DOs’ multihoming strategy — and that the strategic role of a specific ride-hailing app can change over time
Supervision of the Default Risk of Online Car-Hailing Platform from an Evolutionary Game Perspective
No full textOnline car-hailing services are becoming a key component of the public transportation system, despite there being some certain risks, especially default risk. Turning to the evolutionary game method, this research constructed an evolutionary game model of online car-hailing platform, and then analyzed the equilibrium state of three scenarios (i.e., no supervision, internal supervision of platform enterprises, and external supervision of regulators), followed by carrying out a simulation. The results showed that to realize the evolution stability strategies (ESS) of default risk control, a strong credit constraint or the establishment of a coordinated supervision mode with appropriate intensity are needed. On this basis, this research puts forward the coordinated “platform enterprise + regulator” supervision mode, as well as the following four specific strategies: Promoting the construction of a credit system, strengthening the construction of laws and regulations, establishing a service process control mechanism, and introducing innovative regulatory means
Towards a Ride-hailing Services Dependency in Nairobi? Uses, users and regulation
No full textNairobi Traffic Jam. Author: Rogiro. Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/riot/48712135. License: CC BY-NC 2.0. Teddy Delaunay. “Towards a Ride-hailing Services Dependency in Nairobi? Uses, users and regulation.” Mambo! Vol. XVIII (4), 2021. Summary On-demand Ride-Hailing services (RHs) now play an increasing role within many cities around the world. RHs might increase traffic congestion, vehicle ownership and access inequalities. RHs pose significant challenges for policymakers, and a..
Where to Meet a Driver Privately: Recommending Pick-Up Locations for Ride-Hailing Services
No full textRide-Hailing Service (RHS) has motivated the rise of innovative transportation services. It enables riders to hail a cab or private vehicle at the roadside by sending a ride request to the Ride-Hailing Service Provider (RHSP). Such a request collects rider’s real-time locations, which incur serious privacy concerns for riders. While there are many location privacy-preserving mechanisms in the literature, few of them consider mobility patterns or location semantics in RHS. In this work, we propose a pick-up location recommendation scheme with location indistinguishability and semantic indistinguishability for RHS. Specifically, we give formal definitions of location indistinguishability and semantic indistinguishability. We model the rider mobility as a time-dependent first-order Markov chain and generates a rider’s mobility profile. Next, it calculates the geographic similarity between riders by using the Mallows distance and classifies them into different geographic groups. To comprehend the semantics of a location, it extracts such information through user-generated content from two popular social networks and obtains the semantic representations of locations. Cosine similarity and unified hypergraph are used to compute the semantic similarities between locations. Finally, it outputs a set of recommended pick-up locations. To evaluate the performance, we build our mobility model over the real-world dataset GeoLife, analyze the computational costs of a rider, show the utility, and implement it on an Android smartphone. The experimental results show that it costs less than 0.12 ms to recommend 10 pick-up locations within 500 m of walking distance.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Cyber Securit
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