48 research outputs found
Development of self-confidence in preschool of 4 - 5 years old children
No full textDarba autors: Asja Vanaga
Darba tēma: 4-5 gadu vecu bērnu pašapziņas veidošanās audzināšanas procesā pirmsskolā
Darba veids: Maģistra darbs
Studiju programma: Pedagoģijas maģistrs (pirmsskola)
Darba zinātniskais vadītājs: prof.Dr.psych.Lūcija Rutka
Maģistra darbā aprakstīta 4-5 gadu vecu bērnu personības attīstība un svarīgākās pašapziņas veidošanās iezīmes šajā vecumā.
Darba mērķis ir izpētīt bērna pašapziņas attīstību sekmējošos faktorus, kā arī pirmsskolas un bērnu vecāku sadarbības nozīmi audzināšanas procesā.
Darbs sastāv no divām nodaļām. Pirmās nodaļas mērķis ir izpētīt teorētisko literatūru par 4-5 gadu vecu bērnu fiziskās, kognitīvās un psihosociālās attīstības nozīmi pašapziņas un „Es” tēla attīstībā.
Otrā nodaļā ir analizēti bērna pašapziņu veicinoši vingrinājumi, to efektivitāte, un pirmsskolas audzināšanas procesa ietekme uz bērna pašapziņas veidošanos. Atspoguļota pozitīva bērnu pašapziņas dinamika, veicot praktiskos vingrinājumus.
Darbs kopumā izklāstīts 74 lappusēs, tajā iekļautas 6 tabulas un 21 attēls.
Darbā izmantoti 36 literatūras avoti un pievienoti 8 pielikumi.
Atslēgas vārdi: pašapziņa, vidējais pirmsskolas vecums, audzināšana.The author: Asja Vanaga
The theme: Development of self-confidence in preschool of 4-5 years old children
Kind of work: Master
Studies: Pedagogy Master (preschool)
Scientific leader: prof.Dr.psych.Lūcija Rutka
Master's thesis describes the 4-5 year old children's personal development and self-esteem, the most important characteristics of this age.
The goal is to explore the development of a child's self-esteem, as well as the importance of cooperation of preschool and parents in the educational process.
The work consists of two chapters. The first chapter's objective is to explore the theoretical literature on the 4-5 year old children's physical, cognitive and psychosocial development of self-confidence and self-image.
The second chapter examines the child's self-esteem-building exercises, their effectiveness, and preschool education in the process of impact on a child's self-esteem. Reflected in the positive dynamics of children's self-esteem through practical exercises.
The work contains 74 pages, including 6 charts and 21 images.
The work used 36 literature sources and added 8 annexes.
Key words: self-confidence, the middle preschool age, education
Language improvement for preschool children after cochlear implantation
No full textDiplomdarba autore Asja Tauriņa. Diplomdarbs: Valodas pilnveidošana pirmsskolas vecuma bērniem pēc kohleārās implantācijas. Pētījuma aktualitāte: Pirmsskolas vecuma bērniem ar kohleāro implantu ir nepieciešama mērķtiecīga un sistemātiska koriģējoši attīstošā darbība valodas un runas pilnveidošanai. Pētījuma mērķis: pārbaudīt valodas attīstības pilnveidošanos pirmsskolas vecuma bērniem pēc kohleārās implantācijas, izmantojot izstrādāto programmu valodas attīstībai. Darba saturs: Teorētiskajā daļā atlasīta un analizēta pedagoģiskā, psiholoģiskā literatūra par pirmsskolas vecuma bērnu normā, par bērnu ar dzirdes traucējumiem, par bērnu ar kohleāro implantu valodas un runas attīstību, par dzirdes traucējumiem un kohleāro implantu, izveidota valodas attīstības programma bērniem ar kohleāro implantu. Pētījuma daļā tika veikts pētījums un pārbaudītas valodas pilnveidošanas iespējas, lietojot izstrādāto valodas attīstības programmu pirmsskolas vecuma bērniem ar kohleāro implantu. Pētījuma nobeigumā tiek izdarīti secinājumi, ka runas prasmes veidojas ātrāk un sekmīgāk, ja ievēro bērnu vecumposma īpatnības un koriģējoši attīstošā darbībā izmanto valodas attīstīšanas programmu. Valodas materiāla apguve un nostiprināšana norit sekmīgāk, ja tas aptver pirmsskolas vecuma bērna galvenās darbības sfēras un ikdienas notikumus. Pētījumā iegūtie rezultāti tiek apkopoti tabulās un grafiskos attēlos. Darba struktūra: anotācijas, ievads, četras nodaļas ar apakšnodaļām, nobeigums, priekšlikumi, izmantotā literatūra un avoti, pielikumi. Darba apjoms: 76 lappuses, 8 attēli, 12 tabulas, 73 literatūras un interneta avoti, 3 pielikumi. Atslēgas vārdi: valodas un runas attīstība, dzirdes traucējums, kohleārā implantācija, pirmsskolas vecuma bērns ar kohleāro implantu.The author of the diploma thesis Asja Tauriņa. Diploma thesis: Language improvement for preschool children after cochlear implantation. Focus of research: Preschool children with a cochlear implant need purposeful and systematic corrective developmental activity for language and speech improvement. The aim of the research: to check the improvement of language development in preschool children after cochlear implantation, using the developed program for language development. Thesis content: The theoretical part selects and analyzes pedagogical, psychological literature on preschool children, on children with hearing impairments, on language and speech development of children with cochlear implants, on hearing impairments and cochlear implants, created language development program for children with cochlear implants. In the research part, a research was carried out and the possibilities of language improvement were examined, using the created language development program for preschool children with a cochlear implant. At the end of the research, it is concluded that speech skills are developed faster and more successfully if the peculiarities of children's age are taken into account and a language development program is used in corrective developmental activities. Acquisition and strengthening of language material is more successful if it covers the main spheres of activity and daily events of a pre-school child. The results of the study are summarized in tables and graphs. Structure of work: annotations, introduction, four chapters with subsections, conclusion, proposals, used literature and sources, appendices. Work volume: 76 pages, 8 pictures, 12 tables, 73 literature and Internet sources, 3 appendices. Keywords: language and speech development, hearing impairment, cochlear implantation, preschool child with cochlear implant
Shadow burden of undiagnosed myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (Me/cfs) on society : Retrospective and prospective—in light of covid-19
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Background: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a poorly understood, complex, multisystem disorder, with severe fatigue not alleviated by rest, and other symptoms, which lead to substantial reductions in functional activity and quality of life. Due to the unclear aetiology, treatment of patients is complicated, but one of the initial problems is the insufficient diagnostic process. The increase in the number of undiagnosed ME/CFS patients became specifically relevant in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this research was to investigate the issues of undiagnosed potential ME/CFS patients, with a hypothetical forecast of the expansion of post-viral CFS as a consequence of COVID-19 and its burden on society. Methods: The theoretical research was founded on the estimation of classic factors presumably affecting the diagnostic scope of ME/CFS and their ascription to Latvian circumstances, as well as a literature review to assess the potential interaction between ME/CFS and COVID-19 as a new contributing agent. The empirical study design consisted of two parts: The first part was dedicated to a comparison of the self-reported data of ME/CFS patients with those of persons experiencing symptoms similar to ME/CFS, but without a diagnosis. This part envisaged the creation of an assumption of the ME/CFS shadow burden “status quo”, not addressing the impact of COVID-19. The second part aimed to investigate data from former COVID-19 patients’ surveys on the presence of ME/CFS symptoms, 6 months after being affected by COVID-19. Descriptive and analytical statistical methods were used to analyse the obtained data. Results: The received data assumed that the previously obtained data on the ME/CFS prevalence of 0.8% in the Latvian population are appropriate, and the literature review reports a prevalence of 0.2–1.0% in developed countries. Regarding the reciprocity of ME/CFS and COVID-19, the literature review showed a lack of research in this field. The empirical results show quite similar self-esteem among ME/CFS patients and undiagnosed patients with longstanding disease experience, while former COVID-19 patients show a significantly lower severity of these problems. Notably, “psychological distress (anxiety)” and “episodic fatigue” are significantly predominant symptoms reported by former COVID-19 patients in comparison with ME/CFS patients and undiagnosed patients prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of our analysis predict that the total amount of direct medical costs for undiagnosed patients (out-of-pocket payments) is more than EUR 15 million p.a. (in Latvia), and this may increase by at least 15% due to the consequences of COVID-19. Conclusions: ME/CFS creates a significant shadow burden on society, even considering only the direct medical costs of undiagnosed patients—the number of whom in Latvia is probably at least five times higher than the number of discerned patients. Simultaneously, COVID-19 can induce long-lasting complications and chronic conditions, such as post-viral CFS, and increase this burden. The Latvian research data assume that ME/CFS patients are not a high-risk group for COVID-19; however, COVID-19 causes ME/CFS-relevant symptoms in patients. This increases the need for monitoring of patients for even longer after recovering from COVID-19′s symptoms, in order to prevent complications and the progression of chronic diseases. In the context of further epidemiological uncertainty, and the possibility of severe post-viral consequences, preventive measures are becoming significantly more important; an integrated diagnostic approach and appropriate treatment could reduce this burden in the future.Peer reviewe
Adversarially Robust Decision Tree Relabeling
No full textDecision trees are popular models for their interpretation properties and their success in ensemble models for structured data. However, common decision tree learning algorithms produce models that suffer from adversarial examples. Recent work on robust decision tree learning mitigates this issue by taking adversarial perturbations into account during training. While these methods generate robust shallow trees, their relative quality reduces when training deeper trees due the methods being greedy. In this work we propose robust relabeling, a post-learning procedure that optimally changes the prediction labels of decision tree leaves to maximize adversarial robustness. We show this can be achieved in polynomial time in terms of the number of samples and leaves. Our results on 10 datasets show a significant improvement in adversarial accuracy both for single decision trees and tree ensembles. Decision trees and random forests trained with a state-of-the-art robust learning algorithm also benefited from robust relabeling.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Cyber Securit
LCDB 1.0: An Extensive Learning Curves Database for Classification Tasks
No full textThe use of learning curves for decision making in supervised machine learning is standard practice, yet understanding of their behavior is rather limited. To facilitate a deepening of our knowledge, we introduce the Learning Curve Database (LCDB), which contains empirical learning curves of 20 classification algorithms on 246 datasets. One of the LCDB’s unique strength is that it contains all (probabilistic) predictions, which allows for building learning curves of arbitrary metrics. Moreover, it unifies the properties of similar high quality databases in that it (i) defines clean splits between training, validation, and test data, (ii) provides training times, and (iii) provides an API for convenient access (pip install lcdb). We demonstrate the utility of LCDB by analyzing some learning curve phenomena, such as convexity, monotonicity, peaking, and curve shapes. Improving our understanding of these matters is essential for efficient use of learning curves for model selection, speeding up model training, and to determine the value of more training data.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatic
Penalized FTRL with Time-Varying Constraints
No full textIn this paper we extend the classical Follow-The-Regularized-Leader (FTRL) algorithm to encompass time-varying constraints, through adaptive penalization. We establish sufficient conditions for the proposed Penalized FTRL algorithm to achieve O(t) regret and violation with respect to a strong benchmark X^tmax. Lacking prior knowledge of the constraints, this is probably the largest benchmark set that we can reasonably hope for. Our sufficient conditions are necessary in the sense that when they are violated there exist examples where O(t) regret and violation is not achieved. Compared to the best existing primal-dual algorithms, Penalized FTRL substantially extends the class of problems for which O(t) regret and violation performance is achievable.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Networked System
SECLEDS: Sequence Clustering in Evolving Data Streams via Multiple Medoids and Medoid Voting
No full textSequence clustering in a streaming environment is challenging because it is computationally expensive, and the sequences may evolve over time. K-medoids or Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) is commonly used to cluster sequences since it supports alignment-based distances, and the k-centers being actual data items helps with cluster interpretability. However, offline k-medoids has no support for concept drift, while also being prohibitively expensive for clustering data streams. We therefore propose SECLEDS, a streaming variant of the k-medoids algorithm with constant memory footprint. SECLEDS has two unique properties: i) it uses multiple medoids per cluster, producing stable highquality clusters, and ii) it handles concept drift using an intuitive Medoid Voting scheme for approximating cluster distances. Unlike existing adaptive algorithms that create new clusters for new concepts, SECLEDS follows a fundamentally different approach, where the clusters themselves evolve with an evolving stream. Using real and synthetic datasets, we empirically demonstrate that SECLEDS produces high-quality clusters regardless of drift, stream size, data dimensionality, and number of clusters. We compare against three popular stream and batch clustering algorithms. The state-of-the-art BanditPAM is used as an offline benchmark. SECLEDS achieves comparable F1 score to BanditPAM while reducing the number of required distance computations by 83.7%. Importantly, SECLEDS outperforms all baselines by 138.7% when the stream contains drift. We also cluster real network traffic, and provide evidence that SECLEDS can support network bandwidths of up to 1.08 Gbps while using the (expensive) dynamic time warping distance.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Cyber Securit
A free space contextualisation tool: Planning the unplanned nature of free space
No full textFree spaces are a characteristic of the Amsterdam identity. However, due to the scarcity of space and the pressure of the commercial market, these creative, free-spirited, subcultural places are pushed to the abyss. Amsterdam seems to be losing its distinctive and diverse character, making room for a monoculture. The municipality of Amsterdam wants to secure these places and create room for new spaces. But how do you ensure that the municipality actually protects these subcultures? Due to pressure on urban land, often available places are temporary, social projects of this kind are often used as merely urbanism, after whichthe surrounding area is gentrified. It does not take long before the initiative is pushed aside by commercial parties. It is therefore necessary to find permanent places for these initiatives. Embedding free space in the regular area planning will secure this permanency to some extent and will liberate space for this purpose.Strategic Product Desig
Improving the use of surgical suction pumps in Sierra Leone
No full textIn Low-to-Middle-Income Countries more than 95% of the medical equipment are devices donated by NGOs, usually second hand, refurbished devices from High Income Country Hospitals. However, the lack of consumables and spare parts and infrastructural limitations lead to 70% of that equipment not working, or working improperly shortly after being received. The surgical suction pump at Masanga Hospital is such an example. The use of the suction pump is hindered by: • Lack of consumables and appropriate tubing, leading to a mismatch between the different components • Frequent power shortages Therefore, the goals defined for the project together with the client were to • Solve the dimensional mismatch between the medical consumables and • power the device independently from the Hospital’s solar grid by leveraging locally available resources and manufacturing opportunities. Discover, Define, Freeze The project was started with a profound analysis of the principles of suction at a HIC hospital, followed by the use and function of suction at Masanga, to better understand the current challenge and Masanga and the envisioned use of the suction pump that the design solutions should achieve. The research on suction was followed by an extensive contextual analysis. where the gathered insights helped understand the factors that influence the current situation, as well as limitations and opportunities were The findings were transformed into a List of Requirements and principal design solutions. Executive Summary Develop Various iterations, more than 50 prototypes and an extensive testing protocol were made to achieve the following goals: • To locally 3D print reusable medical tubing connectors, independently from Masanga’s current supply chain and • To make a conceptual plan for building a portable power-pack based on a 12V car battery as the power source to power the suction pump during power shortages Final Deliverables • A tested method of 3D printing reusable medical tubing connectors using PETG filament The connectors were developed through 1. Embodiment Design, 2. Design for Manufacturing and 3. Material choice. The final concept was validated on a TRL level 6. • A detailed concept plan for building a portable power- pack based on a 12V car battery with locally sourced components Conclusion The final validation phase and usability testing showed that the proposed solutions would improve the use of the suction pump, while promoting local manufacturing of spare parts and using common locally popular solutions. Both design solutions however still need to undergo testing in the context before applying them.Integrated Product Desig
Sustainable procurement
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to evaluate sustainable procurement practices of companies in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided in two parts. The first part focuses on theoretical background of sustainable procurement and its implementation in the company. The second part of the thesis elaborates on implementations of the theory outlined in the first part. Based on a survey, the author analyses sustainable procurement practices of large companies in the Czech Republic
