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Weeding the nettles I: Clarifying species limits in perennial, rhizomatous Urtica (Urticaceae) from southern and central Chile and Argentina.
No full textWeigend, Maximilian, Luebert, Federico (2009): Weeding the nettles I: Clarifying species limits in perennial, rhizomatous Urtica (Urticaceae) from southern and central Chile and Argentina. Phytotaxa 2: 1-12, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.2.1.1, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.2.1.
Three new species of Heliotropium sect. Heliothamnus (Boraginaceae) from Peru
No full textLuebert, Federico, Weigend, Maximilian (2012): Three new species of Heliotropium sect. Heliothamnus (Boraginaceae) from Peru. Phytotaxa 49 (1): 35-44, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.49.1.6, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.49.1.
Heliotropium oxapampanum Luebert & Weigend 2012, spec. nov.
No full text<i>Heliotropium oxapampanum</i> Luebert & Weigend, <i>spec. nov.</i> (Figs. 2C, 2F, 2I, 5.) <p> <b>Type:</b> ― PERU. Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, road to "Pajonal" (Antenna of Oxapampa) and on to Villa Rica, 10º37'19''S, 75º17'26''W, 2515 m, 17 September 2001, <i>M</i> <i>. Weigend, N. Diane, M.</i> <i>Gottschling</i>, <i>H. H</i> <i>. Hilger & J.</i> <i>Skrabal 5776</i> (holotype HUT, isotypes BSB, M, USM).</p> <p> Ascending sparsely branched shrub to 0.8 m tall, with the young branches strigose-pubescent. Leaves alternate, solitary, petiolate, internodes 2–5 cm; petiole 0.5–2.0 cm long; lamina elliptical, discolorous, 5–12 × 1.5–4.5 cm on both flowering and vegetative shoots, base attenuate, apex usually acute or slightly acuminate, limb with the veins conspicuous on both sides, the secondary veins acroscopical, pubescent, strigose on the adaxial surface with simple hairs in the intercostal area, abaxially strigose with bulbous hairs on the veins, hairs longer on the primary and secondary veins and shorter on the tertiary veins. Inflorescences terminal, dichotomously branched up to 4 times, up to 10 cm long overall, with the axes strigose and the terminal branches scorpioid. Flowers complete, sessile, 6–10 mm long. Calyx persistent, not accrescent, with the sepals divided to the base; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, strigose outside, apically strigose inside, 2.5–4.0 mm long, 0.5–0.7 mm wide at the base, base not broadened, apex acute, not protracted. Corolla infundibuliform, purple, 6–10 mm long, 4.5–9.5 mm wide; lobes rounded, 1–3 × 1.5–3.0 mm; tube strigose outside, glabrous inside. Stamens 3–4 mm long; filaments 1.5–2.5 mm long, arising from the corolla tube, with the distal portion free, free portion 0.2–0.4 mm long. Anthers included, coherent, linear, 1.2–1.6 × 0.3– 0.5 mm, margins shortly paillose especially distally; base rounded, cordate, located approximately 0.5 mm above the apex of the stigmatic head, apex incurved, papillose. Ovary glabrous, 0.4–0.5 mm high, 0.5–0.7 mm wide; disc nectary well developed, 0.7–0.8 mm wide. Style shorter than the stigmatic head, 0.3–0.4 mm long. Stigmatic head conical, with a basal receptive ring, 0.6–0.8 mm long, 0.5–0.6 mm wide at the base, finely papillose. Fruits dry, dehiscent, falling into 4 one-seeded nutlets. Nutlets solid (without cavities), surface reticulate, glabrous, dark brown, 1.0–1.5 × 0.4–1.0 mm. Pollen subprolate, ca. 21–25 × 17–19 µm, 3- colporate, 3-pseudocolpate, sexine psilate (<i>Weigend et al. 5776</i>).</p> <p> <b>Distribution and habitat:—</b> Known only from the province of Oxapampa (Dept. Pasco) from the eastern slope of the Andes in Central Peru (Fig. 3). The collections are from a sandstone area with dense cloud forest cover on heavily leached sandy soils, and with abundant orchids and ferns on the ground. In this habitat, <i>Heliotropium oxapampanum</i> is found along water courses, usually at the base of stones flanking the water course and on sand banks. This is an extremely unusual substrate and habitat for a species of <i>H.</i> sect. <i>Heliothamnus</i>, which is usually found on loamy soils in at least seasonally dry habitats. Consequently, this species is the only one of the group found in this habitat and this region.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:—</b> Refers to the province where the species has been collected.</p> <p> <b>Additional specimens examined (paratypes):</b> ― PERU. Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, Oxapampa, old road from Oxapampa to Villa Rica, foot path to Antenna, [70º37'S, 75º17'W], 2200–2600 m, 5 April 2001, <i>M</i> <i>. Weigend, K. Weigend, T. Henning & C.</i> <i>Schneider 5493</i> (M, MSB, HUT). Sector Chacos pajonal, 10º37'25''S, 75º17'43''W, 3 July 2004, 2100 m, <i>R</i> <i>. Rojas, M. Huaman, A. Peña, J. Mateo & C.</i> <i>Rojas 2659</i> (BSB, HUT, MO). Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén, quebrada San Alberto, Refugio El Cedro, 10º32'S, 75º21'W, 2450 m, 27 July 2002, <i>A</i> <i>. Monteagudo, C. Mateo & G.</i> <i>Ortiz 3483</i> (BSB, MO).</p> <p> This species is morphologically closest to <i>Heliotropium corymbosum</i>, one of the most widespread species of the group. However, <i>H. corymbosum</i> is a species of at least seasonally dry habitats. <i>Heliotropium oxapampanum</i> also differs from <i>H. corymbosum</i> by a style shorter than or equal to the stigmatic head (versus style longer than the stigmatic head in <i>H. corymbosum</i>) and sepals hirsute and acute (versus strigose and long acuminate in <i>H. corymbosum</i>) (see Luebert <i>et al.</i> 2010). It also resembles <i>H. mandonii</i> Johnston (1928: 43) in the gross aspect of herbarium material, but the latter species has smaller, white flowers and more coriaceous and rugose leaves. None of these species occur in the same region as <i>H. oxapampanum</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Luebert, Federico & Weigend, Maximilian, 2012, Three new species of Heliotropium sect. Heliothamnus (Boraginaceae) from Peru, pp. 35-44 in Phytotaxa 49 (1)</i> on pages 41-43, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.49.1.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5060697">http://zenodo.org/record/5060697</a>
FIGURE 4 in Weeding the nettles I: Clarifying species limits in perennial, rhizomatous Urtica (Urticaceae) from southern and central Chile and Argentina.
No full textFIGURE 4. Urtica mollis Steud. and "U. buchtienii Ross". A, high-alpine, juvenile plant (just beginning to flower) corresponding to the type of "U. buchtienii" (Sparre 17160). B, typical, unbranched form of of U. mollis corresponding to the type specimens (Arroyo 81901).Published as part of Weigend, Maximilian & Luebert, Federico, 2009, Weeding the nettles I: Clarifying species limits in perennial, rhizomatous Urtica (Urticaceae) from southern and central Chile and Argentina., pp. 1-12 in Phytotaxa 2 on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.2.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/477609
Heliotropium maranjonense Luebert & Weigend 2012, spec. nov.
No full text<i>Heliotropium maranjonense</i> Luebert & Weigend, <i>spec. nov.</i> (Figs. 1, 2D, 2G.) <p> <b>Type</b>:― PERU. Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, road from Chachapoyas to Mendoza, 06º13'08''S, 77º50'03''W, 2030 m, 20 October 2000, <i>M</i> <i>. Weigend, E. Rodríguez, H. Förther & N.</i> <i>Dostert 2000/871</i> (holotype USM, isotypes BSB, HUT, MSB).</p> <p> Erect shrub, densely branched, to 1.8 m tall with the young branches densely lanose-pubescent. Leaves alternate, solitary or crowded at the apex of the branches, shortly petiolate, internodes 0.5 <b>–</b> 1.5 cm; petiole 0.5–1.0 cm long; lamina lanceolate, discolorous, 3.0–9.0 × 1.3–3.0 cm on both flowering and vegetative shoots, base cuneate, apex acute, limb with the veins well-marked on both sides, the secondary veins acroscopical, strigose-pubescent, finely rugose on the adaxial surface, densely lanose on the abaxial surface, pubescence homogeneously distributed. Inflorescences apical, dichotomically branched up to 4 times, to 5 cm long overall, with the axes densely lanate and the terminal branches scorpioid. Flowers complete, sessile to shortly pedunculate, 4–6 mm long. Calyx persistent, not accrescent, with the sepals divided to the base; sepals lineal-lanceolate, lanose outside, glabrous or laxly pubescent inside, 2.5–4.0 mm long, 0.5–1.0 mm wide at the base, base not broadened, apex acute, protracted. Corolla infundibuliform, white, with greenish-yellow centre, 3–5 mm long, 2–4 mm wide; lobes rounded, 0.5–1.5 × 1–2 mm; tube villous outside, glabrous inside. Stamens 2.5–3.0 mm long; filaments 1.5–2.0 mm long, arising from the corolla tube, with the distal portion free, free portion ca. 0.2 mm long. Anthers included, coherent, sagittate, 0.7–1.3 × 0.2–0.3 mm, with the apical margins shortly papillose; base rounded, cordate, located just above the receptive part of the stigmatic head; apex incurved, papillose. Ovary glabrous, 0.3–0.4 mm high, 0.5 mm wide; nectar disk developed, 0.8– 1.0 mm wide. Style longer than the stigmatic head at maturity, 0.8–1.5 mm long. Stigmatic head conical, with a basal receptive ring, 0.7–1.2 mm long, 0.6–0.7 mm wide at the base, papillose. Fruits dry, dehiscent, falling into 4 one-seeded nutlets. Nutlets solid (without cavities), surface slightly reticulate to smooth, glabrous, dark brown, 0.9–1.2 × 0.5–0.7 mm. Pollen subprolate, ca. 17–20 × 13–15 µm, 3-colporate, 3-pseudocolpate, sexine psilate (<i>Weigend et al. 2000/871</i>).</p> <p> <b>Distribution and habitat:—</b> Known from the interandean valleys of the Marañón and Utcubamba rivers in the provinces of Bolívar (Dept. La Libertad), Celendín (Dept. Cajamarca) and Chachapoyas (Dept. Amazonas) in northern Peru. Rare and localized in scrub forests on dry slopes (Fig. 3).</p> <p> <b>Etymology:—</b> The name refers to the Marañón valley, from where this species is described.</p> <p> <b>Additional specimens examined (paratypes):</b> ― PERU. Cajamarca: Prov. Celendín, Canyon of the Rio Marañón above Balsas, 16 km below summit on road to Celendín, km 137 east of Cajamarca, [6°52´S, 78°3´W], 2400 m, 27 May 1964, <i>P. C</i> <i>. Hutchison & J. K.</i> <i>Wright 5400</i> (K, MO). La Libertad: Prov. Bolivar, Balsas to Bolivar, before Longotea, 07º02'15''S, 77º52'56''W, 2303 m, 17 October 2000, <i>M</i> <i>. Weigend, E. Rodríguez-R., H. Förther & N.</i> <i>Dostert 2000/809</i> (BSB, HUT, MSB).</p> <p> This species is morphologically close to <i>Heliotropium erianthum</i> Johnston (1928: 41), and <i>H. incanum</i> Ruiz & Pavón (1799: 2), as well as to <i>H. argenteum</i> Lehmann (1818: 139). It differs from the latter by an adaxially less dense pubescence and a more rugose and scabrous leaf surface, elliptic-lanceolate leaves (vs. ovate in <i>H. argenteum</i>) and a style longer than the stigmatic head. From <i>Heliotropium incanum</i> and <i>H. erianthum</i>, it differs in having a more finely rugose and scabrous abaxial leaf surface and sepals more densely lanose. The specimen <i>Hutchison & Wright 5400</i> was determined by J.J. Wurdack (US) as <i>Heliotropium</i> cf. <i>argenteum</i> in 1966, with an additional note: "this is not <i>H. erianthum</i> ". This specimen differs from the type and from the other specimen of this species in having slightly broader leaves and in the height of the plant, which is not taller than 0.5 m. The flowers of these specimens were reported to be weakly scented.</p> <p> <b>FIGURE 2.</b> New species in their natural habitats (A–C) and SEM pictures of adaxial leaf surface (D–F) and inner flower (G–I) of <i>Heliotropium maranjonense</i> (D, G), <i>Heliotropium pamparomasense</i> (A-B, E, H) and <i>Heliotropium oxapampanum</i> (C, F, I). Note the differences in pubescence and texture of leaf surface and the relationship of length between style and stigmatic head. All scale bars equal 1 mm.</p>Published as part of <i>Luebert, Federico & Weigend, Maximilian, 2012, Three new species of Heliotropium sect. Heliothamnus (Boraginaceae) from Peru, pp. 35-44 in Phytotaxa 49 (1)</i> on pages 36-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.49.1.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5060697">http://zenodo.org/record/5060697</a>
FIGURE 2 in Weeding the nettles I: Clarifying species limits in perennial, rhizomatous Urtica (Urticaceae) from southern and central Chile and Argentina.
No full textFIGURE 2. Distribution map based on the collecting localities of herbarium specimens cited in this work. Numbered collecting points indicate type collections: 1, Urtica magellanica; 2, Urtica darwinii; 3, Urtica bracteata and U. pseudoidoica; 4, Urtica mollis; 5, Urtica diplotricha; 6, Urtica buchtienii.Published as part of Weigend, Maximilian & Luebert, Federico, 2009, Weeding the nettles I: Clarifying species limits in perennial, rhizomatous Urtica (Urticaceae) from southern and central Chile and Argentina., pp. 1-12 in Phytotaxa 2 on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.2.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/477609
FIGURE 4. Heliotropium pamparomasense. A in Three new species of Heliotropium sect. Heliothamnus (Boraginaceae) from Peru
No full textFIGURE 4. Heliotropium pamparomasense. A, Flowering branch; B, Leaf, adaxial surface; C, Leaf, abaxial surface; D, Flower, outer view; E, Flower, view of the corolla tube; F, Flower, inner view; G, Anther; H, Sepal adaxial surface; I, Sepal abaxial surface; J, Fruit, transversal view; K, Fruit, lateral view. (All from Weigend & Skrabal 5890, BSB). Drawn by Stefanie Werner.Published as part of Luebert, Federico & Weigend, Maximilian, 2012, Three new species of Heliotropium sect. Heliothamnus (Boraginaceae) from Peru, pp. 35-44 in Phytotaxa 49 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.49.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/506069
FIGURE 1. Heliotropium maranjonense. A in Three new species of Heliotropium sect. Heliothamnus (Boraginaceae) from Peru
No full textFIGURE 1. Heliotropium maranjonense. A, Flowering branch; B, Leaf, adaxial surface; C, Leaf, abaxial surface; D, Flower, outer view; E, Flower, view of the corolla tube; F, Flower, inner view; G, Sepal abaxial surface; H, Sepal adaxial surface; I, Anther (open). (All from Weigend et al. 2000/871, BSB). Drawn by Stefanie Werner.Published as part of Luebert, Federico & Weigend, Maximilian, 2012, Three new species of Heliotropium sect. Heliothamnus (Boraginaceae) from Peru, pp. 35-44 in Phytotaxa 49 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.49.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/506069
Sinopsis bioclimática y vegetacional de Chile 2a. ed.
No full textLa publicación entrega una visión sinóptica de los bioclimas y la vegetación de Chile continental.
El libro del académico de la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Federico Luebert, y del investigador Patricio Pliscoff, propone la existencia de cuatro macrobioclimas a lo largo del territorio y de 125 unidades básicas denominadas pisos de vegetación.
Finalmente da a conocer un análisis del estado de conservación de las especies en Chile, comparando los terrenos que han sido destinados a actividades humanas con los que se han convertido en áreas protegidas del Estado
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