5 research outputs found
Effects of riboflavin and amotosalen photoactivation systems for pathogen inactivation of fresh-frozen plasma on fibrin clot structure
No full textFresh-frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion carries a risk of viral transmission from donor to recipient. Riboflavin (Mirasol) and amotosalen (Intercept) are two pathogen inactivation (PI) methods that may enhance the safety of FFP for transfusion. Our study investigated the effects of Mirasol and Intercept treatment on fibrin formation and clot structure.FFP underwent either Mirasol or Intercept treatment, and aliquots were taken before addition of the compound, before illumination (after addition of compound only), and after treatment (addition of compound plus illumination). All samples underwent turbidimetric analysis, lysis analysis, assessment of clot permeation, and analysis by laser scanning confocal microscopy.After treatment, there was a decrease in optical density of the fibrin network for Mirasol and Intercept, lag time to fibrin formation was prolonged for Mirasol and lysis time for Intercept, clot permeability was significantly decreased, and clot density was increased for both.Our study shows that plasma treated with Mirasol and Intercept produces denser clots consisting of thinner fibers and warrants further studies to evaluate the clinical significance of these structural changes in fibrin clot formation.? 2015 AABB
Effects of food policy actions on Indigenous Peoples' nutrition-related outcomes: a systematic review
No full text© Author(s) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. Published by BMJ. Introduction Indigenous Peoples worldwide endure unacceptable health disparities with undernutrition and food insecurity often coexisting with obesity and chronic diseases. Policy-level actions are required to eliminate malnutrition in all its forms. However, there has been no systematic synthesis of the evidence of effectiveness of food and nutrition policies for Indigenous Peoples around the world. This review fills that gap. Methods Eight databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature, published between 2000 and 2019. Relevant websites were searched for grey literature. Articles were included if they were original studies, published in English and included data from Indigenous Peoples from Western colonised countries, evaluated a food or nutrition policy (or intervention), and provided quantitative impact/outcome data. Study screening, data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken independently by two authors, at least one of whom was Indigenous. A narrative synthesis was undertaken with studies grouped according to the NOURISHING food policy framework. Results We identified 78 studies from Canada, Australia, Aotearoa/New Zealand and the USA. Most studies evaluated targeted interventions, focused on rural or remote Indigenous communities. The most effective interventions combined educational strategies with policies targeting food price, composition and/or availability, particularly in retail and school environments. Interventions to reduce exposure to unhealthy food advertising was the only area of the NOURISHING framework not represented in the literature. Few studies examined the impact of universal food policies on Indigenous Peoples' diets, health or well-being. Conclusion Both targeted and universal policy action can be effective for Indigenous Peoples. Actions that modify the structures and systems governing food supply through improved availability, access and affordability of healthy foods should be prioritised. More high-quality evidence on the impact of universal food and nutrition policy actions for Indigenous Peoples is required, particularly in urban areas and in the area of food marketing.</div
Factors perceived to influence healthy eating: a systematic review and meta-ethnographic synthesis of the literature
No full textContext: Dietary risks are leading contributors to global morbidity and mortality and disproportionately burden individuals of lower socioeconomic positions. Objective: The aim of this review is to understand, holistically, what factors are perceived to influence healthy eating and to determine whether perceived factors differ when comparing the general population with lower socioeconomic subgroups. Data Sources: Four academic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library) and 3 gray literature databases were searched systematically, along with reference lists. Study Selection: Studies were included if they were qualitative and were conducted with community-dwelling adults in high-income countries and if they focused specifically on healthy eating. Eligibility was determined through author consensus. Data Extraction: Thirty-nine eligible studies (of 11 641 records screened) were identified. Study characteristics were extracted using a standard template, and quality appraisal was conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool. Data synthesis was conducted using meta-ethnography, with themes categorized according to the socioecological model. Results: Factors across the individual, social, lived, and food environments were perceived to influence healthy eating. Meta-ethnography revealed that multiple environmental and social factors were frequently reported as barriers to healthy eating. While factors were largely generalizable, diet affordability and the lower availability of stores offering healthy food appeared to be more salient barriers for lower socioeconomic groups. Conclusions: Actions to improve population diets should mitigate the barriers to healthy eating to create environments that support healthy eating across the socioeconomic gradient. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42017065243
