111,886 research outputs found
Impact of the first months of war on routing and latency in Ukraine
No full textGiven the fundamental role of the Internet in our lives, a better understanding of its operational status during war times is crucial. In this paper, we analyze the Ukrainian Internet during the first months of war after the Russian invasion occurred in February 2022. The analysis is carried out from two points of view: routing and latency. In terms of routing, there is a substantial increase in BGP announcements and withdrawals which can be due to both the physical unavailability of facilities and cyberattacks. Latency also increased significantly compared to the pre-conflict period, especially when considering paths going from Ukraine to Russia. The increase in latency appears to be due to a partial shift from peering to transit
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Internet latency: A large-scale study
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic dramatically changed the way of living of billions of people in a very short time frame. In this paper, we evaluate the impact on the Internet latency caused by the increased amount of human activities that are carried out on-line. The study focuses on Italy, which experienced significant restrictions imposed by local authorities, but results about Spain, France, Germany, Sweden, and the whole of Europe are also included. The analysis of a large set of measurements shows that the impact on the network can be significant, especially in terms of increased variability of latency. In Italy we observed that the standard deviation of the average additional delay – the additional time with respect to the minimum delay of the paths in the region – during lockdown is ∼3−4 times as much as the value before the pandemic. Similarly, in Italy, packet loss is ∼2−3 times as much as before the pandemic. The impact is not negligible also for the other countries and for the whole of Europe, but with different levels and distinct patterns
The originalist offensive against abortion and its implications. The U.S. Supreme Court after Trump
No full textPresident Donald Trump's most significant legacy has probably been his contribution to the establishment of an originalist, rather than conservative, majority on the U.S. Supreme Court. By overturning Roe v. Wade in 2022 on the grounds that the U.S. Constitution does not confer a right to abortion in the framework of privacy protection, the originalism-oriented justices not only infringed women's reproductive rights but also paved the way for the denyial other prerogatives
A worldwide study on the geographic locality of Internet routes
No full textThe topology of the Internet and its geographic properties received significant attention during the last years, not only because they have a deep impact on the performance experienced by users, but also because of legal, political, and economic reasons. In this paper, the global Internet is studied in terms of path locality, where a path is defined as local if it does not cross the borders of the region where the source and destination hosts are located. The phenomenon is studied from the points of view of two metrics, one based on the size of the address space of the autonomous systems where the endpoints are located and the other one on the amount of served population. Results show that the regions of the world are characterized by significant differences in terms of path locality. The main elements contributing to the path locality, and non-locality, of the regions and countries, are identified and discussed. Finally, we present the most significant dependency relationships between countries caused by non-local paths
Saving Energy on Smartphones through Edge Computing: An Experimental Evaluation
No full textEdge computing is a network architecture in which computing and
storage capabilities are moved at the fringes of the Internet, close
to the end-users. The main goal of edge computing is to enable
responsive services, thanks to much shorter paths compared to
the ones encountered when communicating with remotely positioned cloud servers. In this paper, we report experimental results
concerning an overlooked benefit of edge computing: energy is
saved on client devices. We carried out an experimental evaluation
using both software-based and hardware-based energy estimation
methods. Results show that, for HTTP-based communication, the
lifetime of a device can be extended significantly when using the
edge instead of a remote cloud
Enabling Network and Energy Measurements in IoT and 5G with Measure-X
No full textMeasure-X is a platform that allows experimenters to measure the main network metrics of a 5G network. Besides classical metrics such as throughput and latency, Measure-X also makes possible the collection of other, less-considered, metrics: the energy spent during communication by client devices and the Age of Information. The former can be used to understand if different communication schemes have different necessities in terms of energy budget, and the latter quantifies how fresh the information collected about an observed system is (e.g., an application controlling some machinery, or the last position of a vehicle). Measurements are carried out by coordinating the activity of probes - single board computers equipped with 5G modules. Measure-X code is open source
Philip V. Cannistraro e Lorenzo Tibaldo, Il caso Sacco-Vanzetti (Torino: Claudiana, 2017) e Luigi Botta, La marcia del dolore. I funerali di Sacco e Vanzetti. Una storia del Novecento (Roma: Nova Delphi, 2017)
No full textSensing the Internet through crowdsourcing
No full textPortolan is a crowdsourcing-based system aimed at building an annotated graph of the Internet: the smartphones of participating volunteers are used as mobile monitors to collect measures about the network that surrounds them, then results are conveyed on a central server where they are aggregated. Thus, differently from all the other Internet monitoring systems, which are based on fixed infrastructure, Portolan rely on a multitude of mobile sensing nodes. While this paves the way to the opportunity of having detailed and geo-referenced measures, the design of the systems has to take into account additional difficulties such as scalability, coordination and smartphones' reachability. Besides describing the Portolan's architecture, this paper also shows some preliminary results that confirm the validity of the proposed approach
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