9 research outputs found

    Guidonia, la piazza comunale e i suoi edifici

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    Il contributo, nel ricostruire la vicenda storico costruttiva della città di fodnazione di Guidonia, affianca alla attività di ricerca storica, un articolato lavoro di rilievo delle caratteristiche metriche e costruttive degli edifici. Alcune esemplificazioni del risultato raggiunto nel grado di conoscenza dei caratteri costruttivi degli edifici è esemplificato con cinque schede relative agli edifici che circondano la piazza, redatte a cura dell'autore.The contribution in the reconstruction of the story of the historic city of constructive fodnazione Guidonia, alongside the activities of historical research, a detailed survey work of the metric characteristics and construction of buildings. Some examples of the results achieved in the degree of knowledge of the constructive character of the buildings is exemplified with five tabs on buildings surrounding the square, prepared by the author

    Environmental impact of the diet of young Portuguese and its relationship with adherence to the Mediterranean Diet

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    Objective: To estimate, in a cohort of young Portuguese adults, the environmental impact (greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, land use, energy used, acidification and potential eutrophication) of diet according to adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD). Methods: Data from 1554 participants of the Epidemiologic Health Investigation of Teenagers in Porto (EPITeen) were analysed. Food intake and MD adherence were determined using validated questionnaires. The environmental impact was evaluated with the EAT-Lancet Commission tables, and the link between MD adherence and environmental impact was calculated using adjusted multivariate linear regression models. Results: Higher adherence (high vs. low) to the MD was associated with lower environmental impact in terms of land use (7.8 vs. 8.5 m2, p = 0.002), potential acidification (57.8 vs. 62.4 g SO2-eq, p = 0.001) and eutrophication (21.7 vs. 23.5 g PO4-eq, p < 0.001). Energy use decreased only in the calorie-adjusted model (9689.5 vs. 10,265.9 kJ, p < 0.001), and GHG emissions were reduced only in a complementary model where fish consumption was eliminated (3035.3 vs. 3281.2 g CO2-eq, p < 0.001). Meat products had the greatest environmental impact for all five environmental factors analysed: 35.7% in GHG emissions, 60.9% in energy use, 72.8% in land use, 70% in acidification and 61.8% in eutrophication. Conclusions: Higher adherence to the MD is associated with lower environmental impact, particularly in terms of acidification, eutrophication, and land use. Reducing meat consumption can contribute to greater environmental sustainability. © The Author(s) 2024.Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN (b-on). The EPITeen cohort study was supported by national funding from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. This study was supported through FEDER from the Operational Programme Factors of Competitiveness—COMPETE and through national funding from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology—FCT (Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science) within the project PTDC/DTP-EPI/6506/2014, and by the Epidemiology Research Unit—Institute of Public Health, University of Porto (UID/DTP/047507/2013)

    Factors influencing development of management strategies for the Abou Ali River in Lebanon. I: Spatial variation and land use

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    Surface water bodies are progressively subject to increasing stress as a result of environmentally degrading processes primarily related to anthropogenic activities. This study assesses and examines the impact of land use and land-based activities on the spatial variation in water quality of the Abou Ali River in North Lebanon. It is the first detailed study of its kind in Lebanon and adds to the existing knowledge by shedding light on a relatively small Mediterranean river in a developing country where there is a paucity of such studies. The assessment was conducted at the end of the dry season in 2002 and 2003 and the end of the wet season in 2003 and 2004. The study has demonstrated the importance of anthropogenic influences on the water quality of the Abou Ali River Basin, as concentrations of most contaminants were higher at locations with greatest human activity. The most adversely affected area was the section of the river that flows through an entirely urbanized and highly populated region, the Tripoli conurbation. Upstream rural sites were enriched by contaminants primarily from non-point sources such as agricultural runoff and poultry litter whereas contaminant concentrations at the urban sites were enriched by a combination of sewage discharge and flow of contaminants from upstream. If the Abou Ali River is to be utilized as a managed water resource and its water quality sustained, point source discharges will require treatment and land use management must be planned to minimize the impact of diffuse source pollution on the river. A high priority should be given to the implementation and enforcement of the precautionary and polluter pays principles. Moreover, an effective legal, economic and institutional framework is required to encourage investment in waste reduction and control and to introduce environmentally sound practices. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Albek E, 2003, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V147, P229, DOI 10.1023-A:1024592815576; APHA-AWWA-WEF, 1998, STAND METH EX WAT WA; Bellos D, 2004, ENVIRON INT, V30, P105, DOI 10.1016-S0160-4120(03)00153-3; Blackmore DJ, 1995, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V32, P15, DOI 10.1016-0273-1223(95)00642-7; Boorman DB, 2003, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V314, P379, DOI 10.1016-S0048-9697(03)00064-0; *CES BTD LYSA, 2001, 1342 CES BTD LYSA; Da Silva AMM, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P1609, DOI 10.1016-S0043-1354(00)00415-2; Dassenakis M, 1998, APPL GEOCHEM, V13, P197, DOI 10.1016-S0883-2927(97)00065-6; *ECODIT, 2001, SOER; Ekholm P, 2000, WATER RES, V34, P3709, DOI 10.1016-S0043-1354(00)00126-3; Gburek WJ, 1999, J HYDROL, V217, P1, DOI 10.1016-S0022-1694(98)00282-0; Gomes RL, 2003, ENDOCRINE DISRUPTERS IN WASTEWATER AND SLUDGE TREATMENT PROCESSES, P177; Greiner R, 2000, OCEAN COAST MANAGE, V43, P29, DOI 10.1016-S0964-5691(99)00067-8; HADDAD M, 1996, WATER PEACE MIDDLE E; Hanratty MP, 1998, J ENVIRON QUAL, V27, P1524; *JICA CDR, 2001, STUD ENV FRIENDL INT; Johnson N., 2002, WATER POLICY, V3, P507; Jones KB, 2001, LANDSCAPE ECOL, V16, P301, DOI 10.1023-A:1011175013278; Karafistan A, 2002, DEEP-SEA RES PT I, V49, P67, DOI 10.1016-S0967-0637(01)00042-5; Kepner WG, 2004, ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS, V94, P115, DOI 10.1023-B:EMAS.0000016883.10110.15; Lester J.N., 1999, MICROBIOLOGY CHEM EN; Magner JA, 2004, ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS, V91, P183, DOI 10.1023-B:EMAS.0000009235.50413.42; MASSOUD M, 2005, WATER POLICY, V6, P519; Massoud MA, 2003, OCEAN COAST MANAGE, V46, P875, DOI 10.1016-S0964-5691(03)00068-1; Meador MR, 2003, ENVIRON MANAGE, V31, P504, DOI 10.1007-s00267-002-2805-5; Meissner R, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V40, P1, DOI 10.1016-S0273-1223(99)00423-0; MILLER A, 1983, ESTUARIES ENCLOSED S; Neal C, 2002, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V282, P3, DOI 10.1016-S0048-9697(01)00934-2; Neal C, 2003, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V314, P801, DOI 10.1016-S0048-9697(03)00085-8; OGUCHI T, 2000, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V251, P5; Parr LB, 2004, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V321, P273, DOI 10.1016-j.scitotenv.2003.09.004; Perona E, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V241, P75, DOI 10.1016-S0048-9697(99)00334-4; Peters NE, 2000, WATER INT, V25, P185; Rabeni CF, 2001, ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS, V71, P177, DOI 10.1023-A:1017523115381; Ryan T. J., 2002, ENV CONDITION UPPER; Simeonov V, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P4119, DOI 10.1016-S0043-1354(03)00398-1; Storelli MM, 2001, ENVIRON INT, V26, P505, DOI 10.1016-S0160-4120(01)00034-4; Wells PG, 2002, OCEAN COAST MANAGE, V45, P77, DOI 10.1016-S0964-5691(02)00047-9; YAUN L, 2004, ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS, V94, P23; Young K, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V228, P157, DOI 10.1016-S0048-9697(99)00043-127232

    Protein and energy nutrition of marine gadoids, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus L.)

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    Primary goals of this thesis were to: 1) examine the in vivo digestion of macronutrients from conventional or alternative feed ingredients used in practical diets of juvenile gadoids (Atlantic cod and haddock), 2) document growth potential of fish at the juvenile grower phase given varying levels of dietary protein and energy and 3) assess the potential of in vitro pH-Stat methods for rapid screening protein quality of feed ingredients, specifically for gadoids. All primary research questions were linked to and built upon one another with the goal of gaining a better understanding of protein and energy utilization of juvenile grower phase gadoids. Studies showed that cod and haddock have a high capacity to utilize a wide range of dietary feed ingredients, such as fish meals, zooplankton meal, soybean products (meal, concentrate and isolate) and wheat gluten meal. New dietary formulations for gadoids may also utilize pulse meals, corn gluten meal, canola protein concentrate and crab meal. Digestibility data in this thesis is currently the only research that examined both in vivo and in vitro macronutrient digestibility of a large number and wide range of individual ingredients, specifically for gadoids. This is essential to gain new knowledge on protein and energy utilization as well as for least-cost ration formulations and effective substitution of ingredients into new formulations. Data has demonstrated a dietary digestible protein/digestible energy (DP/DE)ratio of 30 g DP/MJ DE is required for gadoids during the juvenile phase (in vitro closed-system pH-Stat assay for rapid screening protein quality of test ingredients that is ‘species-specific’ to gadoids. It is demonstrated that in vitro results generally reflected results obtained through conventional in vivo protein digestibility methods. Studies resulted in the first generation of a ‘gadoid-specific’ proteolytic enzyme extraction method and in vitro closed-system pH-Stat assay which may be useful to investigate protein digestion, absorption and metabolism of gadoids and further development of their feeds. </p

    Evaluation of Spodoptera frugiperda (corn strain) gut microbiota in presence of Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins

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    ilustraciones, diagramas, tablasSpodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), es reconocida como una plaga polífaga primaria de cultivos de maíz (Zea mays) y arroz (Oryza sativa) en todo el continente americano y recientemente en África, Asia y Australia. En Colombia, esta polilla ha divergido en dos biotipos morfológicamente idénticos en estado de larva, pero morfológicamente diferentes en estado adulto, los cuales se han denominado con base en la asociación al alimento que consumen con mayor preferencia: biotipos de maíz (asociado a los cultivos del maíz, algodón, sorgo y caña de azúcar) y biotipo arroz (asociado a arroz y pasto). Desde hace varias décadas, se ha descrito que en los insectos, las capacidades de defensa, digestión, captación de nutrientes, incluso la degradación de compuestos tóxicos como insecticidas y endotoxinas está fuertemente influenciada por su microbiota intestinal. Se ha encontrado que en Colombia, el biotipo maíz ha desarrollado resistencia a las endotoxinas de Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry 1Ac y Cry 1Ab, por lo que la microbiota intestinal podría tener un efecto modulador en la toxicidad de las mismas. En este estudio, se llevó a cabo la caracterización de la microbiota intestinal de larvas de S. frugiperda biotipo maíz en presencia/ausencia de endotoxinas de Bt y de antibióticos para determinar el papel de la microbiota en la respuesta del insecto al Bt. Para ello se implementó el uso de métodos cultivo dependientes y cultivo independientes mediante análisis de secuenciación Sanger y NGS (Next Generation Sequence). Adicionalmente se determinó la presencia de microorganismos endosimbiontes con potencial en control biológico como Wolbachia, Arsenophonus, Microsporidia, Spiroplasma, y Cardinium, usando cebadores específicos. Los aislados bacterianos intestinales fueron identificados a partir de caracterización molecular, mediante la secuenciación de los genes RNAr 16S y girasa, previo análisis de la región intergénica ribosomal (ITS) y adicionalmente la caracterización macro y microscópica de las colonias fue realizada. Los resultados indicaron que los 15 aislamientos bacterianos pertenecen a las especies Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus sileciacus, Enterococcus gallinarum y Enterococcus casseliflavus. Los resultados de NGS (Illumina Miseq) reportaron que, Firmicutes y Proteobacteria fueron los filos más abundantes en las muestras; un total de 790.011 lecturas fueron analizadas y asignadas por similaridad a 2439 ASVs (Del inglés Amplicon Sequence Variant). Con relación a la presencia de endosimbiontes, se encontró una prevalencia del 100% de Arsenophonus, por métodos de PCR convencional y NGS, en todas las muestras evaluadas; sin embargo, otros simbiontes no fueron detectados en las condiciones evaluadas. En este estudio se reportó la prevalencia del género Enterococcus así como ya se ha descrito en otros estudios anteriores realizados en el mismo biotipo. Adicionalmente se encontró que posterior al ensayo con antibióticos, la diversidad de la microbiota intestinal aumentó, lo cual podría sugerir la actuación de los antibióticos sobre bacterias del género Enterococcus lo que consecuentemente permitió un aumento en la diversidad bacteriana ya que se eliminó el género más competitivo y abundante del tracto intestinal del insecto. Por otro lado, se lograron identificar los géneros Burkholderia e Ileibacterium en aquellos tratamientos con presencia de Bt, sugiriendo que estas bacterias podrían realzar la respuesta del insecto a la endotoxina. Finalmente, este es, el primer reporte del género Arsenophonus en S. frugiperda, este endosimbionte es importante en insectos ya que ha sido relacionado con la respuesta de tolerancia a insecticidas que han sido utilizados para su control. Este trabajo es una primera aproximación al conocimiento de la microbiota de S. frugiperda biotipo maíz y su dinámica en presencia de endotoxinas lo que puede ayudar a comprender su papel potencial en la respuesta del insecto al control por Bt. (Texto tomado de la fuente)Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), is recognized as a polyphagous pest and primary pest of corn (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa) in America and recently in Africa, Asia and Australia. In Colombia, this moth has diverged in two strains that are morphologically identical at the larvae instar but are morphologically different at adult stages. These strains have been named according to the host they preferentially consume that are the corn strain (associated to corn, cotton, sorghum and sugar cane) and the rice strain (associated to rice and pasture grasses). Decades ago, it has been described that the capacity of insects’ defense, digestion, nutrients absorption and even degradation of toxic compounds such as insecticides and endotoxins are influenced by their microbiota. It has been found that in Colombia, the corn strain has developed resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) endotoxins Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab and gut microbiota might have a modulatory effect on the response of this insect towards these endotoxins. In this study, the characterization of the gut microbiota of S. frugiperda larvae was carried out un presence/absence of Bt endotoxins and antibiotics to determine the role that microbiota plays in the response of the insect to Bt. For that, the use of cultivate dependent and independent methods were employed by using Sanger and NGS (Next Generation Sequence) sequencing. Additionally, detection of endosymbionts was also done to identify Wolbachia, Arsenophonus, Microsporidia, Spiroplasma, and Cardinium.by using specific primers for them. Bacteria isolates obtanied from the gut were identified based on a molecular characterization by sequencing the genes RNAr 16S, girase and ITS. Also, a macroscopic and microscopic characterization of the colonies was done allowing the identification of 15 different isolates that belong to the species Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus sileciacus, Enterococcus gallinarum y Enterococcus casseliflavus. NGS (Illumina Miseq) results reported the presence of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria as the most abundant groups; a total of 790.011 reads grouped into 2439 ASVs according to their genetic similarities. The presence of endosymbionts analysis showed a prevalence of the genus Arsenophonus in all samples based on conventional PCR and NGS; however, other endosymbionts were not detected. In this study, the prevalence of the genus Enterococcus was demonstrated, same results have been shown in other studies made on the species. Additionally, after the expose of gut microbiota to antibiotics an increment of bacteria diversity was observed, suggesting that these antibiotics eliminated this abundant genus found in S. frugiperda gut, and thus they eliminated the most competitive bacteria genus detected in this insect. On the other hand, the genus Burkholderia and Ileibacterium were mainly found in the bioassay of bacteria and presence of Bt, meaning that these bacteria might enhance the response of this insect to the endotoxin. Finally, this is the first report of the genus Arsenophonus in S. frugiperda and this endosymbiont is important in insects since it is related to the tolerance response of insects to insecticides that have been used for pest control. This work is a first approximation to the knowledge of S. frugiperda gut bacteria corn strain and its dynamics in the presence of endotoxins, which can help to understand its potential role in the response of the insect to control by Bt.MaestríaMagíster en Ciencias - BiotecnologíaEcología MicrobianaÁrea Curricular Biotecnologí

    Science and technology research and development in support to ITER and the Broader Approach at CEA

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    In parallel to the direct contribution to the procurement phase of ITER and Broader Approach, CEA has initiated research and development programmes, accompanied by experiments together with a significant modelling effort, aimed at ensuring robust operation, plasma performance, as well as mitigating the risks of the procurement phase. This overview reports the latest progress in both fusion science and technology including many areas, namely the mitigation of superconducting magnet quenches, disruption-generated runaway electrons, edge-localized modes (ELMs), the development of imaging surveillance, and heating and current drive systems for steady-state operation. The WEST (W Environment for Steady-state Tokamaks) project, turning Tore Supra into an actively cooled W-divertor platform open to the ITER partners and industries, is presented. © 2013 IAEA, Vienna.Stambaugh R, 1999, NUCL FUSION, V39, P2391, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-39-12-304; [Anonymous], 2012, PLASMA PHYS; Aumeunier MH, 2011, IEEE T PLASMA SCI, V39, P3014, DOI 10.1109-TPS.2011.2155678; Aumeunier MH, 2012, REV SCI INSTRUM, V83, DOI 10.1063-1.4733532; Bayetti P., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Becoulet M, 2012, NUCL FUSION, V52, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-52-5-054003; Becoulet M., 2013, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Bernard JM, 2013, FUSION ENG DES, V88, P950, DOI 10.1016-j.fusengdes.2013.01.040; Bucalossi J, 2011, FUSION ENG DES, V86, P684, DOI 10.1016-j.fusengdes.2011.01.114; Coatanea M, 2010, IEEE T APPL SUPERCON, V20, P427, DOI 10.1109-TASC.2009.2039705; Coatanea M, 2011, FUSION ENG DES, V86, P1418, DOI 10.1016-j.fusengdes.2011.01.105; Colas L, 2013, J NUCL MATER, V438, pS330, DOI 10.1016-j.jnucmat.2013.01.061; Colas L, 2012, PHYS PLASMAS, V19, DOI 10.1063-1.4750046; Corre Y, 2012, NUCL FUSION, V52, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-52-10-103010; Courtois X., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Dachicourt R, 2013, J NUCL MATER, V438, pS334, DOI 10.1016-j.jnucmat.2013.01.062; Decker J, 2011, NUCL FUSION, V51, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-51-7-073025; Delpech L, 2011, AIP CONF PROC, V1406, DOI 10.1063-1.3664949; Dodeul L., 2013, FUSION ENG IN PRESS, DOI [10.1016-j.fusengdes.2013.01.015, DOI 10.1016-J.FUSENGDES.2013.01.015]; Duchateau J.L., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Dumont RJ, 2013, NUCL FUSION, V53, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-53-1-013002; Ekedahl A., 2011, P 19 TOP C RF POW PL, V1406, P399; Ekedahl A, 2010, NUCL FUSION, V50, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-50-11-112002; Ferlay F., 2013, FUSION ENG IN PRESS, DOI [10.1016-j.fusengdes.2013.01.044, DOI 10.1016-J.FUSENGDES.2013.01.044]; Firdaouss M, 2009, J NUCL MATER, V390-91, P947, DOI 10.1016-j.jnucmat.2009.01.243; Garbet X., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Giruzzi G., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Grosman A., 2012, P 27 S FUS TECH LIEG; Gunn JP, 2013, J NUCL MATER, V438, pS184, DOI 10.1016-j.jnucmat.2013.01.055; Hillairet J., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Hillairet J, 2012, FUSION ENG DES, V87, P275, DOI 10.1016-j.fusengdes.2012.01.007; Hillairet J, 2010, NUCL FUSION, V50, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-50-12-125010; Hoang GT, 2009, NUCL FUSION, V49, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-49-7-075001; Huysmans GTA, 2009, PLASMA PHYS CONTR F, V51, DOI 10.1088-0741-3335-51-12-124012; Ide S., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Jacquot J., 2012, P 39 EPS C 16 INT C; Joanny M, 2012, REV SCI INSTRUM, V83, DOI 10.1063-1.4731004; Kazarian F, 2009, FUSION ENG DES, V84, P1006, DOI 10.1016-j.fusengdes.2009.03.014; Kubic M, 2013, J NUCL MATER, V438, pS509, DOI 10.1016-j.jnucmat.2013.01.105; Lamalle P, 2013, FUSION ENG DES, V88, P517, DOI 10.1016-j.fusengdes.2012.11.027; Larroque S., 2012, P 27 S FUS TECHN LIE; Litaudon X., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Lotte P, 2010, REV SCI INSTRUM, V81, DOI 10.1063-1.3474653; Lutjens H, 2010, J COMPUT PHYS, V229, P8130, DOI 10.1016-j.jcp.2010.07.013; Missirlian M., 2012, P 27 S FUS TECHN LIE; Monier-Garbet P., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Nardon E, 2010, NUCL FUSION, V50, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-50-3-034002; Nicolas T, 2012, PHYS PLASMAS, V19, DOI 10.1063-1.4766893; Nicollet S, 2011, FUSION ENG DES, V86, P1497, DOI 10.1016-j.fusengdes.2011.03.102; PERKINS FW, 1989, NUCL FUSION, V29, P583, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-29-4-004; Peysson Y, 2011, PLASMA PHYS CONTR F, V53, DOI 10.1088-0741-3335-53-12-124028; Pitts RA, 2011, J NUCL MATER, V415, pS957, DOI 10.1016-j.jnucmat.2011.01.114; Pitts RA, 2013, J NUCL MATER, V438, pS48, DOI 10.1016-j.jnucmat.2013.01.008; Preynas M, 2011, NUCL FUSION, V51, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-51-2-023001; Reichle R., 2009, P 1 INT C ADV NUCL I, DOI [10.1109-ANIMMA.2009.5503692, DOI 10.1109-ANIMMA.2009.5503692]; Sabot R., 2010, P 37 EPS C PLASM PHY; Saint-Laurent F., 2011, P 38 EPS C STRASB FR; Saint-Laurent F., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Salasca S, 2009, FUSION ENG DES, V84, P1689, DOI 10.1016-j.fusengdes.2008.12.088; Saoutic B, 2011, NUCL FUSION, V51, DOI 10.1088-0029-5515-51-9-094014; Sarazin Y., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Strugarek A., 2013, PLASMA PHYS IN PRESS; Travere J.M., 2011, P 2 INT C ADV NUCL I, DOI [10.1109-ANIMMA.2011.6172871, DOI 10.1109-ANIMMA.2011.6172871]; Travere J.M., 2012, P 24 IAEA FUS EN C S; Zarzoso D, 2013, PHYS REV LETT, V110, DOI 10.1103-PhysRevLett.110.1250020
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