196,724 research outputs found
Prolegomena per una palingenesi dei libri ‘ad Vitellium’ di Paolo
No full textIl contributo è volto a presentare una serie di ricerche riguardanti i libri ad Vitellium di Sabino e di Paol
Teatri inclusivi: analisi delle strategie di inclusione e delle competenze delle organizzazioni di spettacolo per un ritorno alle comunità e ai territori.
No full textLa ricerca indaga le strategie e i processi organizzativi delle istituzioni culturali, con particolare attenzione ai teatri d’opera, per sviluppare un modello capace di promuovere inclusione e accessibilità in modo sistemico. L’indagine parte dalla premessa che l’inclusione, intesa come un processo dinamico e multidimensionale, non possa limitarsi alla traduzione di un prodotto culturale per renderlo accessibile, ma debba radicarsi nella cultura organizzativa stessa delle istituzioni teatrali. Solo attraverso un cambiamento sistemico è possibile infatti trasformare il teatro in uno spazio di partecipazione attiva e rappresentativa delle comunità contemporanee. La metodologia adottata combina un approccio teorico, basato sulla revisione della letteratura in materia di diversità, equità, accessibilità e inclusione (DEAI), con un’indagine empirica strutturata in due fasi. Nella prima fase, è stata condotta un’analisi pilota sui teatri di tradizione italiani, attraverso la partecipazione ai tavoli di lavoro sull’inclusione dell’Associazione dei Teatri Italiani di Tradizione, analisi documentali e costruzione di casi studio, per esplorare le pratiche inclusive esistenti e le sfide operative. Nella seconda fase, l’indagine è stata estesa a livello europeo mediante la costruzione e somministrazione di un questionario rivolto ai principali teatri d’opera del Continente. Il questionario, strutturato in più sezioni tematiche, ha permesso di raccogliere dati su politiche di governance, formazione del personale, accessibilità per il pubblico e coinvolgimento degli artisti, evidenziando tendenze comuni tra i diversi contesti nazionali. Elemento centrale della ricerca è lo sviluppo del modello GAPA (Governance, Artists, Producers e Audiences), concepito come uno strumento analitico e operativo per valutare e promuovere l’inclusione nelle istituzioni culturali. Questo modello considera l’inclusione non come un punto d’arrivo, ma come un processo culturale da integrare nella strategia organizzativa, nella programmazione artistica e nei meccanismi di gestione delle risorse umane. Attraverso il caso studio del Gran Teatre del Liceu di Barcellona, il modello GAPA è stato applicato per analizzare come un teatro d’opera possa costruire e mantenere una cultura inclusiva a lungo termine, favorendo il dialogo tra artisti, pubblico e organizzazione. I risultati della ricerca evidenziano che l’inclusione non può essere ridotta a interventi isolati o a risposte tecniche alle barriere fisiche, ma deve essere concepita come un processo continuo di trasformazione organizzativa. I dati raccolti dimostrano l’importanza di una governance inclusiva, capace di coinvolgere tutti gli stakeholder in un percorso di co-progettazione, e di una strategia integrata che metta in relazione le dimensioni artistiche, produttive e gestionali. L’inclusione viene così riconosciuta come una leva strategica per rafforzare il ruolo sociale e culturale delle istituzioni teatrali, favorendo al contempo l’innovazione e la sostenibilità nel lungo periodo. Il lavoro permette di individuare buone pratiche replicabili e di sviluppare linee guida specifiche per il settore culturale. La ricerca non si limita infatti a fornire soluzioni tecniche, ma propone un quadro concettuale per ripensare il rapporto tra teatro e società, enfatizzando il valore dell’inclusione come principio guida per una nuova cultura organizzativa. Questa tesi rappresenta un contributo significativo nel campo dell’inclusione, del management culturale e degli studi teatrali, proponendo un nuovo paradigma per affrontarne le sfide dell’inclusione in un settore che ambisce a essere specchio e attore della contemporaneità. Le conclusioni aprono nuove prospettive di ricerca e applicazione, suggerendo come l’inclusione possa trasformare il teatro in un luogo di dialogo, partecipazione e innovazione, radicato nei territori e capace di rispondere alle esigenze di una società in continua evoluzione.This study aims to investigate strategies and organizational processes of cultural institutions, particularly focusing on opera houses, to develop an innovative model for systematically promoting inclusion and accessibility. It is founded on the premise that inclusion, as a dynamic and multidimensional process, cannot be reduced to adapting cultural products for accessibility. Instead, it must be deeply integrated into the organizational culture of theater institutions. Only through a systemic change can theaters transform into spaces of genuine participation and meaningful representation that reflect the diversity and richness of contemporary communities. The adopted methodology combines a theoretical framework, informed by a review of literature on diversity, equity, accessibility, and inclusion (DEAI), with an empirical investigation conducted in two phases. The first phase involved a pilot analysis focusing on some Italian opera houses. This included participation in inclusion-focused working groups organized by the Association of Italian Theaters of Traditions, document analysis, and the development of case studies to examine existing inclusive practices and operational challenges. The second phase expanded the scope to a European context, designing a comprehensive questionnaire targeting major opera houses across the continent. The questionnaire, structured into multiple thematic sections, collected data on governance policies, staff training, audience accessibility, and artist engagement, uncovering common trends and context-specific divergences. A key outcome of this research is developing the GAPA model (Governance, Artists, Producers, and Audiences), designed as both an analytical and practical tool to assess and advance inclusion in cultural institutions. This model envisions inclusion not as a fixed endpoint but as an evolving cultural process embedded in organizational strategies, artistic programming, and human resource management. The Gran Teatre del Liceu of Barcelona case study has been explored to illustrate the model’s practical application, showcasing how an opera house can cultivate and sustain an inclusive culture over the long term by fostering dialogue among artists, audiences, and institutional structures. Findings underscore that inclusion cannot be confined to isolated actions or technical solutions addressing physical barriers. Instead, it must be approached as a continuous process of organizational transformation. Results emphasize the pivotal role of inclusive governance in engaging stakeholders through co-design processes and the necessity for a cohesive strategy interlinking artistic, production, and managerial dimensions. Inclusion thus emerges as a strategic catalyst for enhancing the social and cultural impact of theaters while simultaneously fostering innovation and long-term sustainability. This research approach enables the identification of replicable best practices and delivers actionable guidelines tailored to the cultural sector. Moving beyond technical solutions, it introduces a conceptual framework to reimagine the relationship between theater and society, establishing inclusion as a fundamental pillar of contemporary organizational culture. The thesis significantly contributes to the fields of inclusion, cultural management, and theater studies, offering a new paradigm for addressing the challenges of inclusion in a sector that aspires to reflect and shape contemporary society. The conclusions open new pathways for research and practical applications, illustrating how inclusion can transform theaters into dynamic hubs of dialogue, participation, and innovation, deeply rooted in their communities and responsive to the evolving needs of the modern world
Correction to: Epistemic niche construction and non-epistemic values: the case of 19th century craniology (Vol. 15, 20, 2025)
No full textDe Benedetto M, Luchetti M. Correction to: Epistemic niche construction and non-epistemic values: the case of 19th century craniology (Vol. 15, 20, 2025). European Journal for Philosophy of Science. 2025;15(2): 27
The repeated cross fostering protocol as a mouse model of panic disorder: suggestions for new treatments from behavioral and molecular characterization
No full textPanic disorder (PD) is a common psychiatric illness with highly stereotyped symptoms including a sense of shortness of breath or feelings of suffocation. PD is characterized by spontaneous and recurrent panic attacks (PAs) that consist of incapacitating periods of acute-onset respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, autonomic and cognitive symptoms. According to the DSM-5, recurrent panic attacks in PD are categorized as being either spontaneous (unexpected) or cued (expected). Accumulating evidence suggests that spontaneous PAs may be provoked by interoceptive sensory triggers caused by fluctuations in the internal homeostatic milieu. An important internal homeostatic trigger for the genesis of PAs, supported by an emerging body of work, is acid–base imbalance and associated pH chemosensory mechanisms. Largely founded on panic provocation studies with agents promoting homeostatic pH imbalance (e.g. sodium lactate or CO2) and related to the false suffocation alarm theory the role of acid–base and chemosensory systems in panic provides strong scientific insights on the genesis of PAs. Heightened sensitivity to carbon dioxide (CO2) is an established biological correlate of PD. Indeed inhaled CO2 triggers PAs in most individuals with PD but only a minority of unaffected controls. More recently the acid sensing ion channel-1 (ASIC1) has been proposed as a candidate gene responsible for these phenomena. Indeed this channel is expressed in central nervous system and in particular in amygdala, brainstem, structures involved in chemosensory detection and breathing.
According to twin studies, shared genetic determinants appear to be the major underlying cause of the developmental of adult PD and of altered sensitivity to CO2. Moreover, in addition to genetic determinants, environmental risk factors affect the liability to these traits, and several life events that influence the susceptibility to PD also predict heightened CO2 reactivity. There is evidence that genetic and environmental determinants interact to influence human responses to CO2 suggesting also epigenetic mechanisms to underlie the development of PD.
Valuable animal models for PD are lacking due to the difficulty to measure “panic” in animals. Indeed models of PD used in pre-clinical research measure the defensive behaviors showed by the animals in response to a real aversive stimulus and not spontaneously and/or in the absence of real dangerous situation, as in PD. Not being able to interview the animal, about its symptoms, such as fear of dying or going crazy as in human PD patients, CO2 hypersensitivity, observed in patients with panic and their unaffected relatives, represents a valid endophenotype to model this disorder in animals. PD is a chronic disorder with variable course and treatments available until now are not specific and are often only modestly efficacious. Typical pharmacologic treatments are antidepressants (SSRI) or anxiolytics (benzodiazepines). An alternative strategy is psychotherapy (cognitive behavioral therapy) and often patients are treated with a combination of psycho- and pharmaco-therapies. In some cases therapies (e.g., benzodiazepines) may be associated with treatment-specific side effects or risks such as sedation or the risk of dependence or tolerance. For these reasons is important to find a therapy specific for PD, possibly with the fewest side effects.
The aims of my PhD Thesis were:
1) to validate the RCF protocol in mice as a useful manipulation procedure affecting individual emotionality, different from the classical maternal separation (Handling), usually applied in rodents, to evaluate the effects of an early adverse environment. I evaluated the short and long-term effects of these early manipulations on several behavioral, molecular and physiological parameters (mother-pups interaction; stress response; emotionality; CO2 panic-related response; gluco- and mineral-corticoid receptors mRNA expression; etc.)
2) to analyze possible molecular mechanisms underlying the panic-related CO2 hypersensitivity showed by RCF animals and evaluate different pharmacological treatments (chloridiazepoxide, chlorogenic acid and amiloride) able to recover the normal respiratory response to hypercapnia, on the basis of molecular suggestions
3) to verify the cognitive capability of RCF animals trough learning tests (such as active avoidance test and novel recognition test) and investigate the capability of exposure to 6% CO2 on animals’ behavioral conditioning, in RCF and Control subjects. Indeed, humans with PD show behavioral conditioning to panic attacks and develop PA also in absence of unconditioned stimulus.
4) to investigate whether the CO2 hypersensitivity showed by RCF animals was a transgenerational transmissible trait.
First of all, results reported in this study suggest that the behavioral and physiological phenotypes observed during development and adulthood depend on characteristics and timings of early adversities capable of activate different biological processes. Reasonably, the response of the animal to the early manipulations is different and aimed at maximizing individual fitness: the early environment could exert its programming role during this developmental plastic period, through specific epigenetic modifications. Short, even if repeated, separations from the mother (Handling protocol) induce habituation to a relatively low stressing environment, enhancing the capability of the subject to face new stressful situations. By contrast, the disruption of the infant attachment bond (RCF protocol) is associated to a modification in the respiratory response to high CO2 in breathing air, an endophenotype these animals share with PD patients. The disruption of infant-mother bond in RCF animals suggested by the enhanced separation anxiety at 8 days age supports the relation between SAD and PD already suggested in literature. In addition the CO2 reactivity showed by these animals represents a useful tool to study PD in pre-clinical research.
Molecular alterations found in RCF animals (experiment 2a) supported the involvement of acid-base balance dysregulation in development of CO2 hypersensitivity. Indeed RCF animals showed a higher expression in ASIC1 gene that codifies for acid sensing ion channels. These channels are sensitive to lower levels of pH being able to detect changes in CO2 concentration in the body and adjust the respiratory function to receive enough O2 not to compromise biological processes. Molecular investigations in addition revealed alterations in GABAergic transmission in RCF animals supporting the idea of an involvement of this neurotransmitter in the development of PD. RCF animals showed an increased expression of Dbi which is an inhibitor of GABAergic transmission. These molecular findings have provided indications suggesting that a possible rescue treatment for PD patients should consist in reducing CO2 hypersensitivity. Lowering of this increased respiratory response to modest increase in CO2 could reduce the negative feeling associated to condition, reducing the conditioning potentiality that favor the development of panic disorder, after repeated panic attacks.
The use of benzodiazepine such as chlordiazepoxide was able to restore the normal respiratory response to CO2 as well, giving pharmacological validation to RCF model. However, benzodiazepines have several contraindications, especially for chronic treatments and their sedative effect should also be taken into consideration. Even if I only present few data on the effects of chlorogenic acid and amiloride on RCF animals, I think these results are very interesting and need further and deeper evaluation. Both these compounds interacted with the pH sensitive channels (asics) and their administration was able to restore the respiratory response observed in control animals.
It is well known, that panic attacks are able to condition behaviors of PD patients. They indeed tend to avoid situations and places similar to those where a panic attack previously occurred. Similarly RCF animals showed, in experiment 3, behavioral conditioning to the situation previously paired with CO2 (tone exposure). It should be now explored whether RCF animals generalize the conditioned fear, suggesting how an initial panic attack can evolve into panic disorder in humans.
Finally RCF model demonstrated a transgenerational transmission of the respiratory endophenotype (experiment 4) supporting the hypothesis of gene-enviroment interplay role to predisposition to panic disorder (Spatola et al., 2011). The epigenetic mechanisms responsible for this trans-generational transmission are under investigation as well as possible strategies to prevent this phenomenon.
In conclusion, the Repeated Cross-Fostering protocol seems a valid mouse model of Panic Disorder in humans: RCF mice show typical features of this disorder such as separation anxiety during childhood, CO2 hypersensitivity and CO2 conditioned and avoidance behaviors. Acid sensing ion channels are interesting molecular markers which can be used as new targets for pharmacological treatments and can help to explain hyper-responsiveness to CO2 in PD patients as well
Worlds, Algorithms, and Niches: The Feedback-Loop Idea in Kuhn’s Philosophy
No full textDe Benedetto M, Luchetti M. Worlds, Algorithms, and Niches: The Feedback-Loop Idea in Kuhn’s Philosophy. In: Shan Y, ed. Rethinking Thomas Kuhn’s Legacy. Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science. Vol 345. Cham: Springer ; 2024: 103-120
Taxonomy and phylogeny of north mediterranean Reticulitermes termites (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae): a new insight
No full textThe molecular characterisation of 18 new populations of Reticulitermes is here presented for COII and 16S genes; results are elaborated and compared to all available ones, at distances and gene trees (Maximum Parsimony, Maximum likelihood, Bayesian analysis) levels. Within the R. lucifugus complex, a subspecific rank of differentiation appears tenable for Italian (R. lucifugus lucifugus, R. lucifugus corsicus) and European (R. lucifugus banyulensis, R. lucifugus grassei) taxa; a subspecific differentiation emerges also for the Sicilian samples. The existence of two different entities in the area formerly defined as inhabited by R. balkanensis is demonstrated; The north-eastern Italian Reticulitermes sp. is found to be more widely distributed in northern and south-eastern Italy and shows a close relationship to the sample from Peloponnese; the GenBank sample from continental Greece, on the contrary, appears more related to other eastern taxa such as R. lucifugus from Turkey and R. clypeatus from Israel; the distribution and differentiation of eastern Reticulitermes taxa are explained through the role that southern Balkans should have played as glacial refuge. Present data also evidences instances of anthropic involvement in taxa distribution; for one of these, the importation of at least a family group is taken into account
CIRCO. Un immaginario di città ospitale
No full textIl volume restituisce i quattro anni di ricerca CIRCO, acronimo di Casa Irrinunciabile per la Ricreazione Civica e l'Ospitalità; una ricerca elaborata in seno al Laboratorio di Progettazione Architettonica e Urbana della Laurea Magistrale in Progettazione Urbana del Dipartimento di Architettura di Roma Tre, che propone un ripensamento degli spazi di accoglienza di migranti transitanti a popolazioni mobili a partire dal riuso del patrimonio immobiliare romano abbandonato sottoutilizzato. Alla base della ricerca è la proposta di trasformazione del patrimonio dismesso in una rete metropolitana di condomini interculturali fondati sull'ospitalità. Il volume restituisce i quattro anni di ricerca attraverso gli scritti di chi ne ha preso parte e raccogliendo, inoltre, i contributi dei numerosi esperti, operatori, docenti, e ricercatori che hanno contribuito, con il loro punto di vista e le loro competenze, ad arricchire e orientare le prospettive della ricerca. Oltre ai membri del Laboratorio CIRCO hanno scritto nel volume: F. Abissi, A. F. L. Baratta, V. Bilardello, F. Bonadonna, C. Cacciotti, V. Calderone, M. Catena, D. D’Attilio, C. Davoli, I. Di noto, G. Fiocca, F. Giani, G. Guiducci, Leroy SPQR’Dam, G. Longobardi, G. Marzocchi, I. Mattioli, M. Ottaviani, S. Paoluzzi, F. Petrelli, C. Petrocelli, E. Rieti, L. Romito, G. Sokoll, A. Tagliatesta, S. Thièry
Parerga Iuris. Approfondimenti di storia del diritto, della cultura e della società
No full textLa collana, divisa in due sezioni (sintesi, approfondimenti), intende pubblicare saggi individuali e opere miscellanee che sviluppino temi concernenti il diritto e la sua contestualizzazione nella società e nella cultura
Memoria autobiografica, intelligenza emotiva come tratto e sintomi depressivi: Uno studio preliminare
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