96 research outputs found
The genus Contracaecum Raillet & Henry (Nematoda: Anisakidae): host and geographical distribution on Neotropical and Antarctic species
No full textGarbin, Lucas E., Diaz, Julia I., Servián, Andrea, Fusaro, Bruno, Navone, Graciela T. (2023): The genus Contracaecum Raillet & Henry (Nematoda: Anisakidae): host and geographical distribution on Neotropical and Antarctic species. Zootaxa 5256 (1): 43-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.1.
Grgur Garbin († 1621), captain of artillerymen, and his house in Zadar
No full textU radu se na temelju arhivskih i terenskih istraživanja donose nove spoznaje o luneti portala s nekadašnje kuće obitelji Garbin u Zadru, danas ugrađenoj u kuću u Ulici Mate Karamana. Preciznije se blazonira grb u luneti portala te ga se dovodi u vezu s kapetanom zadarskih topnika Grgurom Garbinom. Plemićka obitelj Garbin podrijetlom je iz Paga, a jedna grana prešla je početkom 17. stoljeća u Zadar. Zaključuje se da je luneta portala izrađena malo nakon 1609. godine kada prema arhivskim dokumentima Grgur Garbin kupuje kuću u blizini samostana sv. Dimitrija u Zadru. Utvrđuje se položaj kuće te se donose novi arhivski podatci iz života Grgura Garbina i njegovih potomaka. Saznaje se da je njegov sin Ivan Grgur (Zan Gregorio) zanimanjem bio zlatar.On the basis of the conducted archival and field research, the author presents new knowledge regarding the portal lunette earlier home of the Garbin family in Zadar, today built into the front facade of the house in Mate Karaman Street. The author describes the coat of arms in the portal lunette, and consequently – since it shows a cannon and a male head with the characteristic hat – brings it into connection with Grgur Garbin, captain of the Zadar artillerymen. In the 17th century, this type of hat – decorated with long feathers and identical to the one on Garbin’s grave – made an integral part of the uniform of Venetian commanders holding the rank of captain; this counts for artillery units, too. The noble Garbin family originates from the island of Pag, and one family branch moved to Zadar at the beginning of the 17th century. It is concluded that the portal lunette was built just after the year 1609, when – according to the archival documents – Grgur Garbin had bought a house near the monastery of St. Demetrius in Zadar. The author sets the accurate location of Garbin’s house and brings fresh archival data from the life of Grgur Garbin and his descendants. Record on the death of Grgur Garbin, captain of the Zadar artillerymen, was entered into registry books under the date 25 January 1621, and he was buried in the church of St. Demetrius near his family home. Grgur Garbin had two sons, both born in Zadar – Marco Antonio, baptised on 29 April 1609, and Ivan Grgur, baptised on 21st March 1611. Based on recent archival research, the author further learned that Garbin’s son Ivan Grgur, who died in Zadar in 1646, was professional goldsmith
Genetic and morphological evidences for the existence of a new species of Contracaecum (Nematoda: Anisakidae) parasite of Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Gmelin) from Chile and its genetic relationships with congeners from fish-eating birds.
No full textContracaecum australe n. sp. is described from the Neotropic cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus in Chile based on morphology and the sequence analyses of multiple loci, i.e., mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 2, mtDNA cox-2, the small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA gene, rrnS, and the ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Moreover, sequence analysis of the same genes was carried out on the morphospecies Contracaecum chubutensis Garbin et al. (2008) from Phalacrocorax atriceps. Further, genetic relationships are presented between C. australe n. sp. and C. chubutensis with respect to the related congeners from fish-eating birds previously characterized genetically on the same genetic markers, i.e., Contracaecum rudolphii A, B, C, D, and E, Contracaecum septentrionale, Contracaecum microcephalum, Contracaecum bioccai, Contracaecum pelagicum, Contracaecum micropapillatum, Contracaecum gibsoni, and Contracaecum overstreeti. Several phylogenetic analyses (MP, NJ, and BI) inferred from mitochondrial genes (cox-2 , rrnS) were congruent in depicting C. australe n. sp. and C. chubutensis as forming distinct clades, highly supported, from the remainder of the Contracaecum taxa considered; thus, it validates their specific status. Further, analyses of the ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequence data of C. australe n. sp. and C. chubutensis supported their distinction with respect to the 2 sibling species, C. rudolphii D and C. rudolphii E, previously detected from Phalacrocoracidae of Australia. Morphological analysis and the differential diagnosis of male specimens of C. australe n. sp. enabled the detection of differences in a number of characters, including spicule length, peculiar shape of male tail, paracloacal papillae disposition, and shape and bifurcation depth of interlabia. According to the genetic and morphological results obtained, the erection of a new taxon from fish-eating birds of the Austral region is given and its formal description is presented. Phylogenetic trees support both C. australe n. sp. and C. chubutensis as being included in the same clade with the previously detected species from cormorants, i.e., C. rudolphii A, B, C, and C. septentrionale. The finding of C. australe n. sp. and C. chubutensis parasites of Ph. brasilianus and Ph. atriceps, respectively, appears to support a host-parasite association between the C. rudolphii A, B, and C, C. septentrionale, C. chubutensis, and C. australe n. sp. and different species of cormorants belonging to Phalacrocorax
FIGURE 1 in The genus Contracaecum Raillet & Henry (Nematoda: Anisakidae): host and geographical distribution on Neotropical and Antarctic species
No full textFIGURE 1. Distribution of Neotropical and Antarctic Contracaecum species indicated by reference numbers according to Table 1.Published as part of Garbin, Lucas E., Diaz, Julia I., Servián, Andrea, Fusaro, Bruno & Navone, Graciela T., 2023, The genus Contracaecum Raillet & Henry (Nematoda: Anisakidae): host and geographical distribution on Neotropical and Antarctic species, pp. 43-62 in Zootaxa 5256 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/774532
Molecular identification and larval morphological description of Contracaecum pelagicum (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from the anchovy Engraulis anchoita (Engraulidae) and fish-eating birds from the Argentine North Patagonian Sea
No full textAnisakids use invertebrates as paratenic and/or intermediate hosts as a basic feature of larval transmission. The third-stage larva usually develops in invertebrates which are prey items of finfish paratenic hosts. Contracaecum larvae molt twice inside the egg and hatch as free third-stage larvae ensheathed in the second-stage larval cuticle. Copepods act as paratenic or obligatory hosts, usually ingesting these free L3 larvae, and fish act as intermediate/paratenic or metaparatenic hosts preying on infected copepods. Fish-eating birds acquire L3 larvae by ingesting infected fish where they develop into the fourth-stage larvae and adults. Objectives of this work were to establish the specific correspondence between Contracaecum pelagicum L3 larvae parasitizing the anchovy Engraulis anchoita, and the adults parasitizing the Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus and the Imperial shag Phalacrocorax atriceps through the use of molecular markers; and, to evaluate the anisakid L3 larval recruitment and infection caused by ingestion of anchovy by S. magellanicus. Sixteen specimens of Contracaecum L3 larvae were analyzed from E. anchoita from Bahia Engano, Chubut, eight adult nematodes from S. magellanicus and six adult specimens from P. atriceps both from the Valdes Peninsula, Chubut. All nematodes were sequenced for three genes: mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 2 (mtDNA cox2), mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (rrnS), and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA region. Phylogenetic analyses were performed by using Maximum Parsimony (MP) analysis by PAUP. In addition, studies under SEM and LM were carried out on L3 larvae. All L3 individuals from E. anchoita, adults from S. magellanicus, and P. atriceps clustered in the same clade, well supported in the MP tree inferred from the mtDNA cox2, and rrnS gene sequences analyses. Further, the sequence alignments of L3 larvae and adults of C pelagicum here obtained at the ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions of the rDNA matched the sequences of C pelagicum previously deposited by us in GenBank. Nematode recruitment (R.) was equal to 33.07 (7.20-91.14) L3 larvae for C pelagicum in each penguin's meal of anchovy. The MP tree topologies obtained from mtDNA cox2 and rrnS genes demonstrated that specimens of Contracaecum L3 larvae from E. anchoita and C pelagicum from S. magellanicus as well as from P. atriceps constitute a unique clade, well-distinct and supported from all the others formed by the Contracaecum spp. sequenced so far for these genes. Molecular markers are considered to be an effective tool to elucidate larval transmission. The Contracaecum L3 larval recruitment value showed that many worms fail to establish in the bird digestive tract, probably because they are below a critical size. Further work is needed to elucidate other factors (e.g., physiological, immunological) that control nematode populations in the penguin digestive tract. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved
Species of Contracaecum Parasitizing the Magellanic Penguin Spheniscus magellanicus (Spheniscidae) from the Argentinean Coast
No full textAnisakid nematodes have a worldwide distribution and are associated with fishes, birds, and marine mammals from freshwater, brackish, and marine systems. The aims of this work are to report for the first time Contracaecum mirounga parasitizing the Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus, to report another Contracaecum species in the same host species, and to discuss the validity of Contracaeceum spheniscus. Several dead chicks, juveniles, and adults of S. magellanicus were collected along the Argentinean coast from 2002 to 2009. Nematodes were removed from digestive tracts and studied using both light and scanning electron microscopy. Nematode prevalences were 2.38% for C. mirounga and 12.5% for Contracaecum sp. Contracaecum mirounga was found in 1 penguin from Península Valdés, Chubut. This species is known as a specific parasite of marine mammals such as Pinnipedia, thereby suggesting that this nematode is not as specific as believed. Another species of Contracaecum sp. was found parasitizing 1 penguin from the Río de la Plata coast. It possessed an unusual interlabial morphology and arrangement of male caudal papillae. Despite the low prevalence, the distinct morphological features are convincing and support the presence of a new Contracaecum species. However, a formal description is not presented because sufficient male specimens are lacking. Finally, C. spheniscus is considered a junior synonym of Contracaecum pelagicum. Future molecular studies might be helpful to determine the real diversity of Contracaecum species parasitizing S. magellanicus considering the number of sibling species recognized among the anisakids.Fil: Garbin, Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología de Vertebrados. Sección Ornitología; ArgentinaFil: Diaz, Julia Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Navone, Graciela Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentin
Nuevo hospedador y registro geográfico de Contracaecum australe (Nematoda, Anisakidae) parasitando a Phalacrocorax gaimardi (Aves, Phalacrocoracidae) en costas del Atlántico Sudoccidental
No full textLos nematodes Anisakidae tienen una amplia distribución geográfica a nivel mundial y las especies del género Contracaecum parasitan a organismos acuáticos en diferentes partes del mundo. Contracaecum australe fue descripto por primera vez en el cormorán neotropical Phalacrocorax brasilianus en la laguna Santa Elena, Chile. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer la presencia de C. australe parasitando el cormorán gris Phalacrocorax gaimardi en las costas de la Ría Deseado, provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina. Éste es el primer reporte de una especie de helminto en esta especie de cormorán y el registro más austral de la especie C. australe. Por lo tanto se amplía la distribución geográfica y hospedatoria de estos anisákidos.Anisakidae nematodes have a worldwide geographical distribution and the species from the Contracaecum genus have been recorded parasitizing aquatic organisms all around the world. Contracaecum australe was first described parasitizing the Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus from Laguna Santa Elena, Chile. The objective of this work is to communicate the presence of C. australe parasitizing the Redlegged Cormorant Phalacrocorax gaimardi on the Ría Deseado coasts, Santa Cruz province, Argentina. This is the first record of a parasite helminth in this cormorant species and the southernmost finding of C. australe. Therefore, the geographical and host distribution of this anisakid species is expanded.Fil: Garbin, Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Cs.naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Quimica Ambiental y Biogeoquimica; ArgentinaFil: Capasso, Sofía Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (i); ArgentinaFil: Diaz, Julia Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (i); ArgentinaFil: Morgenthaler, Annick. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Academica Caleta Olivia. Centro de Invest.puerto Deseado; ArgentinaFil: Millones, Ana. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Academica Caleta Olivia. Centro de Invest.puerto Deseado; ArgentinaFil: Navone, Graciela Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (i); Argentin
Enhancing Institutional Trust: Evidence from an Experimental Study with Adolescents in Italy
No full textThis study presents a quantitative analysis of a randomized survey experiment with Italian high school students (N = 1,433). It aims to evaluate trust levels in various institutions-healthcare, education, politics, judiciary, and defense-and identify determinants influencing trust in the scientific field, particularly regarding health issues. Using experimental scenarios, potential causal relationships among factors influencing confidence and trust scores are explored. Three distinct experimental scenarios are included in the survey: the first examines the influence of various social media platforms, the second and the third evaluate the impact of doctors, parents, and friends on trust-building among young individuals. Our results indicate a high level of trust in science among adolescents and emphasize high confidence in scientific experts. The study provides policy insights aimed at fostering trust, including recommendations for investments in education, increased involvement of specialists in direct communication, and enhanced transparency measures to mitigate misinformation. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025
Further study of Contracaecum pelagicum (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Spheniscus magellanicus (Aves: Spheniscidae) from Argentinean coasts
No full textThe anisakid species Contracaecum pelagicum Johnston and Mawson, 1942, is reported for first time at 2 different sites on the Argentine coast (Península Valdés, 42°04'S, 63°38'W and Mar del Plata, 38°05'S, 57°38'W), parasitizing the Magellanic penguin, Spheniscus magellanicus Foster. Morphometric analysis and further studies of adult specimens of C. pelagicum were done using light and scanning electron microscopy. The presence of bifurcated interlabia differentiates the present species from most others in the genus, except (1) from Contracaecum travassosi, which possesses higher interlabia and longer spicules, and a blunt, more constrained tail; (2) from Contracaecum rudolphii, which has longer spicules, blunter spicule tips, postparacloacal papillae with oblique disposition, and a blunter constrained tail; (3) from Contracaecum eudyptulae, which has a blunter tail and longer spicules; and (4) from Contracaecum variegatum, which possesses smaller-diameter, hooklike extensions on auricle lips, and a less robust interlabium with a more marked furrow. In this paper we present the first detailed description of C. pelagicum adults from S. magellanicus. Morphometric data between adult specimens of C. pelagicum from S. magellanicus and those from the black-browed albatross, Diomedea melanophris Temminck, from Argentinean coasts were compared. In addition, fourth-stage larvae that parasitized both hosts were assigned to a nondeterminated Contracaecum species. Ecological parameters for adults and larvae nematodes were calculated.Fil: Garbin, Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Navone, Graciela Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Diaz, Julia Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Cremonte, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentin
A new anisakid species parasitizing the imperial cormorant Phalacrocorax atriceps from the north Patagonian coast, Argentina
No full textThe anisakid species Contracaecum chubutensis n. sp. was found parasitizing the imperial cormorant Phalacrocorax atriceps at 2 different localities, Bahía Bustamante (45°11'S, 66°30'W) and Puerto Madryn (42°47'S, 65°02'W) on the Patagonian coast. Morphometrical analysis and further studies of adult specimens of C. chubutensis n. sp. and fourth-stage larvae of Contracaecum sp. were done using light and scanning electron microscopy. The possession and disposition of 7 pairs of tail papillae differentiate this new species from C. osculatum, C. radiatum, C. plagiaticium, and C. mirounga. Double-sized spicules separate it from C. variegatum and C. pelagicum. Moreover, the paracloacal papillae disposition and tail shape differentiate this new species from C. travassosi. The presence of bifurcated interlabia separate it from C. ogmorhini and C. margolisi. Three well-marked lip notches, a sharp tail shape, and the of the transversal paracloacal papillae disposition distinguishes C. chubutensis n. sp. from C. magnipapillatum and C. septentrionale. The species here described can be differentiated from C. caballeroi by its bifurcated interlabia, longer spicules, and for possessing more precloacal papillae pairs. It can be separated from C. rudolphii by a thinner interlabia at the base, deeper lip notches, a sharper tail, the disposition of transversal paracloacal papillae, and greater distance between both papillae of the first subventral distal papillae pair. In addition, fourth-stage larvae recovered from the same host and localities were identified and described as Contracaecum sp. Prevalence of adult parasites was 66.7 %, mean intensity was 4.0, and mean abundance was 7.1.Fil: Garbin, Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Diaz, Julia Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Cremonte, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Navone, Graciela Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentin
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