2,474 research outputs found
IgE-mediated fish allergy in children: is omega-3 supplementation useful?
No full textThe management of fish allergy relies on the elimination of all fish from the diet. Nevertheless, an exclusion diet can be problematic from a paediatric nutritional perspective. The issue of a substitute diet for children suffering from fish allergy seems to be not adequately addressed and the consequences of a fish exclusion diet in paediatric age are not known. Fish has an important nutritional value, it is rich in vitamins of group B, D and A, selenium, calcium and phosphorus, iron, zinc, magnesium, iodine and omega-3. While vitamins and iodine are normally present in the diet, omega-3 is present in few other foods, such as vegetable seed oils and nuts. Hence, the scientific research indicates a generic advice regarding a possible omega-3 supplementation in children with fish allergy. Given the knowledge about omega-3 supplementation having a potential good risk-benefit ratio and the absence of serious adverse events related to the omega-3 supplementation, this type of supplementation may seem advisable in children affected by fish allergy
The Omega-3 Fatty Acid Eicosapentaenoic Acid Accelerates Disease Progression in a Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
No full textPMCID: PMC3631166This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Biobehavioural and cerebral hemodynamic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in healthy individuals
No full textThe omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are a unique class of fatty acids that cannot be manufactured by the body, and must be acquired via dietary sources. In the UK, as well as in other Western nations, these ‘essential’ fatty acids are consumed in quantities that fall below government guidelines. This thesis examined the relationship between n-3 PUFAs and cognitive function and mood in healthy children (8-10 years) and adults (18-35 years), with a view to evaluate their efficacy for cognitive and mood enhancement in these populations. A second aim was to evaluate the effects of n-3 PUFAs on cerebral hemodynamics, a novel line of enquiry. Chapters 2 and 4 describe novel intervention studies that assessed the effects of n- 3 PUFA supplements on cognitive function and mood in healthy children and adults, respectively. In Chapter 3, the relationship between peripheral PUFA concentrations, a correlate of dietary PUFA intake, and cognitive and function and mood was examined for the first time in healthy adults. Chapter 5 describes a pilot trial in which Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) imaging technique was applied to investigate the cerebral hemodynamic effects of n-3 PUFA supplements. The results of this study were explored in more detail in Chapter 6, with the additional inclusion of parallel cognitive measures. Most notably, the behavioural data from the intervention studies described herein do not support the use of n-3 PUFA supplements for cognitive and mood enhancement in healthy children and adults not consuming appreciable amounts of oily fish. However, the results do suggest that supplementation with dietary n-3 PUFAs has an impact on peripheral fatty acid status and cerebral hemodynamics in healthy adults. Taken together, these findings suggest that, in healthy, cognitively intact individuals, short-term use of n-3 PUFA supplements has a minimal effect on behaviour; the impact of long-term n-3 PUFA dietary intake or supplement use over the course of the entire lifespan on behaviour should be addressed further
Design of a waveguide diplexer based on connected bi-omega particles
No full textIn this letter, we propose a new waveguide diplexer based on the employment of connected bi-omega particles. The component consists in a junction between three waveguides with the same cross-section. At either of the junction sections between the feeding waveguide and the two output ones, we place a set of connected bi-omega particles. The two sets of particles have different dimensions, in order to resonate at two different frequencies, enabling, thus, the frequency selective transmission required for the diplexer operation. The design is supported by proper full-wave numerical simulations and measurements
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in blood pressure control and essential hypertension
No full textHypertension is a worldwide problem that affects up to 22% of adults and contributes
to the global burden of disability due to cardiovascular disease. Several factors influence
blood pressure and participate to the development of hypertension. Among these
factors, polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 family (omega-3 PUFA) are effective
hypotensive agents. Through their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,
omega-3 PUFA can improve cardiac hemodynamics and vascular function and
potentially reduce arterial stiffness and atherosclerotic damage. However, despite this
promising evidence many meta-analyses on the cardiovascular effect of omega-3 PUFA
were inconclusive. The choice of the omega-3 PUFA sources, baseline tissue content of
these fatty acids, and individual compliance to their intake can be reasons for such a
discrepancy between studies. Basic and clinical research on these fatty acids documents
interesting mechanisms through which these molecules could be useful in the
treatment of hypertension and its related organ damage. The role of the maternal dietary
habit during pregnancy and the quality of prenatal growth on the effect of omega-3
PUFA in cardiovascular system need further investigations. This chapter summarizes
the literature of the past 30 years on the antihypertensive effects of this family of
essential fatty acids
Blow-up behaviour of a fractional Adams-Moser-Trudinger type inequality in odd dimension
No full textGiven a smoothly bounded domain \Omega\Subset\mathbb{R}^n with n\ge 1 odd, we study the blow-up of bounded sequences (u_k)\subset H^\frac{n}{2}_{00}(\Omega) of solutions to the non-local equation
(-\Delta)^\frac n2 u_k=\lambda_k u_ke^{\frac n2 u_k^2}\quad \text{in
}\Omega,
where \lambda_k\to\lambda_\infty \in [0,\infty), and H^{\frac n2}_{00}(\Omega) denotes the Lions-Magenes spaces of functions u\in L^2(\mathbb{R}^n) which are supported in \Omega and with (-\Delta)^\frac{n}{4}u\in L^2(\mathbb{R}^n). Extending previous works of Druet, Robert-Struwe and the second author, we show that if the sequence (u_k) is not bounded in L^\infty(\Omega), a suitably rescaled subsequence \eta_k converges to the function \eta_0(x)=\log\left(\frac{2}{1+|x|^2}\right), which solves the prescribed non-local Q-curvature equation
(-\Delta)^\frac n2 \eta
=(n-1)!e^{n\eta}\quad \text{in }\mathbb{R}^n
recently studied by Da Lio-Martinazzi-Rivi\`ere when n=1, Jin-Maalaoui-Martinazzi-Xiong when n=3, and Hyder when n\ge 5 is odd. We infer that blow-up can occur only if \Lambda:=\limsup_{k\to \infty}\|(-\Delta)^\frac n4 u_k\|_{L^2}^2\ge \Lambda_1:= (n-1)!|S^n|
Parametric resonant phenomena in Bose-Einstein condensates: Breaking of macroscopic quantum self-trapping
No full textWe analyze the periodic tunneling of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a double-well potential which has an oscillating energy barrier. We show that the dynamics of the Bose condensate critically depends on the frequency omega of the oscillating energy barrier. In the regime of periodic macroscopic quantum tunneling (PMQT) with frequency omega(J), the population imbalance of the condensate in the two wells can be enhanced under the condition of parametric resonance omega = 2omega(J). Instead, in the regime of macroscopic quantum self-trapping (MQST), we find that MQST can be reduced or suppressed under the condition of parametric resonance between the frequency omega of the energy barrier and the frequency omega(ST) of oscillation through the barrier of the very small fraction of particles which remain untrapped during MQST
A threshold phenomenon for embeddings of H0minto Orlicz spaces
No full textGiven an open bounded domain {\Omega\subset\mathbb {R}^{2m}} with smooth boundary, we consider a sequence {(u_k)_{k\in\mathbb{N}}} of positive smooth solutions to
\left\{\begin{array}{ll} (-\Delta)^m u_k=\lambda_k u_k e^{mu_k^2} \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad {\rm in}\,\Omega\\ u_k=\partial_\nu u_k=\cdots =\partial_\nu^{m-1} u_k=0 \quad {\rm on }\, \partial \Omega, \end{array}\right.
where λk → 0+.
Assuming that the sequence is bounded in {H^m_0(\Omega)} , we study its blow-up behavior. We show that if the sequence is not precompact, then
\liminf_{k\to\infty}\|u_k\|^2_{H^m_0}:=\liminf_{k\to\infty}\int\limits_\Omega u_k(-\Delta)^m u_k dx\geq \Lambda_1,
where Λ1 = (2m − 1)!vol(S2m) is the total Q-curvature of S2m
Update on marine omega-3 fatty acids: Management of dyslipidemia and current omega-3 treatment options
No full textAbstractLow-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is currently the primary target in the management of dyslipidemia, and statins are first-line pharmacologic interventions. Adjunct therapy such as niacins, fibrates, bile acid sequestrants, or cholesterol absorption inhibitors may be considered to help reduce cardiovascular risk. This review discusses the need for alternative adjunct treatment options and the potential place for omega-3 fatty acids as such. The cardiovascular benefits of fish consumption are attributed to the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and a variety of omega-3 fatty acid products are available with varied amounts of EPA and DHA. The product types include prescription drugs, food supplements, and medical foods sourced from fish, krill, algal and plant oils or purified from these oils. Two prescription omega-3 fatty acids are currently available, omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters (contains both EPA and DHA ethyl esters), and icosapent ethyl (IPE; contains high-purity EPA ethyl ester). A pharmaceutical containing free fatty acid forms of omega-3 is currently in development. Omega-3 fatty acid formulations containing EPA and DHA have been shown to increase LDL-C levels while IPE has been shown to lower triglyceride levels without raising LDL-C levels, alone or in combination with statin therapy. In addition, recent studies have not been able to demonstrate reduced cardiovascular risk following treatment with fibrates, niacins, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, or omega-3 fatty acid formulations containing both EPA and DHA in statin-treated patients; thus, there remains a need for further cardiovascular outcomes studies for adjunct therapy
Pseudoscalar production at omega omega threshold in J/psi ->gamma omega omega
No full textThe decay channel J/psi ->gamma omega omega, omega ->pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) is analyzed using a sample of 5.8x10(7) J/psi events collected with the BESII detector. The omega omega invariant mass distribution peaks at 1.76 GeV/c(2), just above the omega omega threshold. Analysis of angular correlations indicates that the omega omega system below 2 GeV/c(2) is predominantly pseudoscalar. A partial wave analysis confirms the predominant pseudoscalar structure, together with small 0(++) and 2(++) contributions, and yields a pseudoscalar mass M=1744 +/- 10 (stat)+/- 15 (syst) MeV/c(2), a width Gamma=244(-21)(+24) (stat)+/- 25 (syst) MeV/c(2), and a product branching fraction Br(J/psi ->gamma eta(1760))center dot Br(eta(1760)->omega omega)=(1.98 +/- 0.08 (stat)+/- 0.32 (syst))x10(-3).http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000238698300016&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Astronomy & AstrophysicsPhysics, Particles & FieldsSCI(E)28ARTICLE11null7
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