245 research outputs found
Colorectal tumors: The histology report
No full textEpithelial colorectal tumors are common pathologic entities. Their histology report should be comprehensive of a series of pathologic parameters essential for the correct clinical management of the patients. Diagnostic histologic criteria of adenomatous, serrated, inflammatory, and hamartomatous polyps and of polyposis syndromes are discussed. In addition, the pathologic features of early and advanced colorectal cancer are described and a checklist is given. Finally, molecular prognostic and predictive factors currently employed in the treatment of colorectal cancer are discussed. © 2011 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l
Evidence for the prevention of enthesitis in HLA-B27/hβ2m transgenic rats treated with a monoclonal antibody against TNF-α
No full textTransgenic rats with high expression of HLA-B27 and human beta2-microglobulin (B27TR) develop a multisystem inflammatory disease resembling human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and spondyloarthritis (SpA). Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) has a crucial role in sustaining chronic inflammation in the gut and joints. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether TNFα blockade could prevent or reduce the inflammation of peripheral joints in B27TR. A first group of 9-week-old B27TR received anti-TNFα mAb or isotypic IgG2a,k up to the age of 18 weeks. An untreated group was monitored up to the age of 18 weeks and then randomly assigned to a 9-week treatment with anti-TNFα mAb or IgG2a,k. Each rat was monitored for clinical IBD and peripheral joint manifestations. After sacrifice the colon and hind paws were examined for macroscopical and microscopical pathological changes. Early TNFα blockade prevented, and late treatment improved IBD signs in B27TR. Erythema, edema, inflammatory infiltrate close to the tendons and enthesis, proliferating chondrocyte-like cells, signs of new endochondral bone ossification and bone erosion were observed in peripheral joints of 4/6 IgG2a,k-treated B27TR both at 18 and 27 weeks. Immunopositivity for phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 indicated that the process of joint remodelling was activated in B27TR. Some entheses showed chondroid nodules. Anti-TNFα treatment reduced inflammation and preserved the enthesis organization in most animals. Occasional and transient erythema and edema were still present in 3/6 of the late anti-TNFα-treated animals. Smad1/5/8 signalling was not inhibited by late anti-TNFα treatment. In B27TR, articular involvement follows IBD onset and develops at entheses. Early TNFα blockade prevents the onset of IBD and consequently the development of enthesitis in peripheral joints in the B27TR model of human SpA
Gastrinomas and non-functioning pancreatic endocrine tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type-1 (MEN-1)
No full textPurpose: Illustrate imaging findings of gastrinomas and non-functioning pancreatic endocrine tumors (NF-PNET) in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1 (MEN-1) syndrome with a radiologic-pathologic correlation for both along with the results of a 13 yrs observational study.
Methods: A 48 yrs old male patient with MEN-1 and a Zollinger-Ellison syndrome was submitted to a duodeno-cephalopancreatectomy (DCP) extended to the pancreatic body to remove several gastrinomas shown by an endoscopic-ultrasonography as well as a large (> 2 cm) hypo-vascular pancreatic nodule shown by a contrast-enhanced multi-detector CT (CE-MDCT). Further conventional (CT/MR) and functional imaging (68Ga-PET-DOTA-TOC) studies were performed over the next 13 years.
Results: Up to 14 gastrin-positive NET-G1 (pT2,N1) as well as a single PNET-G2 (pT2,N0) were found at histo-pathology which also showed a NET-G1 in the uncinate process where CE-MDCT documented a 9 mm hyper-vascular nodule. A 7 mm pancreatic nodule with identical contrast-enhancement pattern was also shown at the level of the pancreatic tail which was left to preserve endocrine function. At this level, follow-up studies documented the occurence of a small (< 1 cm) hypo-vascular nodule which was metastatic at presentation and rapidly progressed under somastatin-analogs therapy whereas the hyper-vascular nodule remained stable over 13 years. Both the pancreatic lesion as well as the hepatic metastasis showed pathologic uptake of the radiotracer with a SUVmax of 6.3 and 29.5, respectively, allowing the patient to be scheduled for a Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy performed with 29.6 GBq of 177Lu-Oxotreotide.
Conclusions: Contrast-enhancement patterns are correlated with both the histological grade as well as the biological behaviour of PNETS
Solitary necrotic nodules of the liver: cross sectional imaging findings and follow-up in nine patients
No full textObjective: The purpose of our study was to retrospectively evaluate the sonographic, CT, and MRI findings (number, diameter, lobar location, depth from the hepatic capsule, and appearance of lesions) in a series of nine patients with pathologically proven solitary necrotic nodules of the liver and the natural evolution at follow-up in four of the nine patients.
Conclusion: Solitary necrotic nodules are usually small, solitary lesions, mainly located under the liver capsule of the right lobe. They are hypoechoic on sonography, hypoattenuating on CT, have low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted MRI with lack of enhancement after IV contrast administration, and at follow-up have a tendency to show calcification and involution toward reduction in size
Randomized trial of different screening strategies for colorectal cancer: patient response and detection rate
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Transcripts with splicings of exons 15 and 16 of the hMLH1 gene in normal lymphocytes: implications in RNA-based mutation screening of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer.
No full textComparing attendance and detection rate of colonoscopy with sigmoidoscopy and FIT for colorectal cancer screening.
No full text[Extensive lymphadenectomy in the therapy of cancer of the left colon and rectum: an analysis of the anatomicopathological data].
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