54 research outputs found
L'immigrazione tra Stato, Regioni e integrazione europea: profili di criticità nel riparto delle competenze e proposte di riforma
No full textThe following work aims to investigate the problematic issues concerning the allocation of responsibilities among various levels of government with regard to the regulation of immigration.
The issue is covered from different perspectives: the admission of foreign workers, the safeguard of social and political rights, the effects of immigration on the constitutional order, till the provision and content of the citizen status.
The levels of government identified as an object of analysis are the Regions, the State and the European Union. These authorities, in fact, are mostly concerned by the basic issues of immigration, such as the admission of aliens and the border control.
Each chapter of this thesis is based on an actual conflict risen between case law, legislation and enforcement of rules, about the administration of foreigners. The purpose of the analysis is not only to identify problems and to furnish a regulatory framework, but it is also to make - where possible - concrete reform proposals.
The first chapter is focused on the conflict developed in recent years between the State and the Regions, with regard to the regulation of the admission of aliens and their regularization: even if Regions have to administrate the most important social structures and have to bear the heaviest financial implications relating to the entry of foreigners – such as health care and public housing - the State has never recognized them a significant influence on the determination of the number of aliens to admit annually.
The issue of social rights, in particular, is crucial in this study not only because they affect some constitutional guarantees and some fundamental rights – especially the right to health and the right to education - but also because they have a heavy impact on public budget. In fact, while civil rights have no immediate effect on the financial system of the nation, the decision to grant the foreign population the enjoyment of social rights has an enormous importance on financial policies.
For this reason, the relationship between the State and the Regions on immigration is closely related with the analysis of the conditions under which social rights should be assured to foreigners.
The chapter also contains a concrete proposal for reforming the allocation of powers on admission of aliens, which takes into account the principles of autonomy, responsibility and solidarity. This proposal, in particular, trys to blend the immigration policy with the recent reform on fiscal federalism.
The second chapter relates to the issue of political rights and, in particular, the right to vote. The Italian legislation - which still denies the right to vote to foreign residents, even at the administrative level – appears to be in contrast with the EU principles, the legislation of most European countries and the requests of some Regions, which move in the direction of allowing political representation to immigrants.
The third chapter focuses on the legal treatment of illegal aliens.
This topic, in recent years, has been taken into account by several judgments of Italian and international courts, which have revealed various contrasts between law and jurisprudence.
Italian legislation, in fact, seems to be affected by a gradual process of "erosion" by the european and national case law, in particular with reference to the provisions introduced in 2009 (Law no. 94/2009), that tried to prevent the arrival of an inordinate number of immigrants.
This law, known for having criminalized illegal presence in the Italian territory, since its origins has been accused of harmfulness against some fundamental constitutional principles, such as reasonableness, proportionality and non-discrimination. In recent months, however, the intervention of judges has taken a huge proportion.
In particular, the chapter analyze some case law of the Constitutional Court, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the ECHR.
Following these guidelines, the chapter detects the significant contrast arisen in little more than a year between the state legislature and the decisions of national and international Courts.
The final chapter proposes a reflection on the conceptual change of the meaning of “citizenship”, as a result of globalization and "de-nationalization" of democracy and rights. This phenomenon is fundamentally due to the Italian participation in the European Union, to the recent jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court and to the adoption of numerous international conventions on the protection of human rights. After having analyzed the evolution of citizenship, the article explores the advisability of rethinking the legal system of acquisition of citizenship through a process that begins "from below", on the Swiss model. In fact, the acquisition of Swiss citizenship is the result of a long and gradual process that starts with the integration in the local community and then rises to the cantonal level and, finally, federal. The Swiss model, during the crisis of citizenship and national sovereignty, may provide an alternative model of social inclusion, that enhances the integration of foreigners into the local community.
The progressive loss of national sovereignty, indeed, has given rise to increasing "global-local" pressures, which involve a request for participation in local public life, perceived as a privileged opportunity of community inclusio
INTEGRATED AEROSPACE SYSTEMS DESIGN COURSE: AN EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE AT POLITECNICO DI TORINO
No full textComparison of life cycle cost for Mach 8 and Mach 5 hypersonic passengers aircraft
No full textHypersonic aircraft concepts have been studied cyclically over the last decades and are recently emerging again as hot topic of high-speed aviation. The main difference between past and recent studies is that nowadays the interest of private companies and startups in the field of hypersonic aviation for commercial purposes has gain momentum and the sector is no longer a monopoly of military and governmental institutions. However, for commercial institutions, hegemony and technological dominance are less important, while economic profitability and competitiveness is crucial, especially as far as operational concept is concerned. For this reason, a careful cost assessment of the vehicle under study is required already from the initial stages of the design, in order to analyze development, production and subsequent operating/disposal costs. This paper aims at applying existing as well as ad hoc developed cost estimation models for the analysis of these cost categories for two hypersonic long-haul passengers aircraft, characterized by a Mach number in cruise of about 8 and 5 respectively. The idea is to promote a comparison between different architectures and mission concepts in order to understand the impact of vehicle size and operating conditions on final cost breakdown and ticket price for the reference payload
Energy Efficiency and System Performance of R-454C, R-449A, and R-744 in Food Retail Refrigeration Systems: A Comparison
No full textReduced energy use and increased energy efficiency are essential for decarbonization and sustainable development. The food cold chain is a crucial infrastructure with high energy consumption and rising demand. A careful selection of technology used in food retail systems could result in long-term energy savings, functionality, ease of maintenance, and high energy efficiency. In this work, the layout of an existing store has been used to model the commercial refrigeration system for three Low GWP refrigerants: R-454C, R-449A, and R-744. Energy usage and seasonal efficiency have been examined for two locations in Europe, representing mild and hot ambient temperatures. Results show that systems based on R-454C and R-449A perform significantly better than R-744 architectures, improving sCOP of up to +8.5% and +13.6% respectively, with a simpler equipment design. This suggests that a careful assessment is required to select the most appropriate refrigerant for each store size and climatic condition
ViPS (Viabahn Padova Sutureless) technique: Preliminary results in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease
No full textBACKGROUND:
To describe early results of a novel technique (ViPS, Viabahn Padova Sutureless) that connects a vascular prosthetic graft to a target artery in a sutureless fashion.
METHODS:
A consecutive series of five patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (Rutherford class IV and V) underwent six ViPS procedures (one bilateral) for limb revascularization. Angiography in all cases demonstrated complete superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusion with reconstitution of a circumferentially calcified above-knee popliteal artery. Ultrasonography revealed no adequate vein for autogenous bypass creation. In all cases, a previous attempt of SFA endovascular recanalization was unsuccessful. A Viabahn (W.L. Gore, Flagstaff, AZ) endoprosthesis was partially deployed, and its proximal end was sutured to a polytetrafluoroethylene graft. After surgical exposure, the circumferentially calcified popliteal artery, which could not be safely sutured, was transected and the undeployed distal portion of the Viabahn was inserted into the popliteal artery supported by a stiff guidewire. The distal portion of the Viabahn graft was then deployed 2.5 cm into the popliteal artery with optimal apposition. The proximal end of the polytetrafluoroethylene graft was then sutured to the common femoral artery. The distal portion of the Viabahn was ballooned to ensure apposition with the popliteal artery.
RESULTS:
The mean time for surgical modification of the device was 6.6 minutes with a mean time for ViPS anastomosis deployment of 7 seconds. Mean operative time for ViPS procedure was 61 minutes (range: 48-74). Completion angiogram in all cases demonstrated a patent graft with no sign of dissection. The patients' symptoms resolved in all cases, with complete ulcer healing occurring in five patients within 3 weeks. Follow-up imaging (mean = 2.6 months, range: 1-5) with eco-color-Doppler and computed tomography angiogram demonstrated a patent graft with no loss of device integrity in all cases.
CONCLUSION:
The ViPS technique is simple, easily performed, and provides an alternative for bypass creation, particularly in cases where challenging arterial anastomoses are required. Furthermore, this technique has the potential to reduce operative time and is accomplished using common commercially available devices
Use of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Lattices for Heat Transfer Applications: A Systematic Literature Investigation
No full textThe scientific interest in Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) lattices for thermal applications has grown exponentially in recent years, largely driven by the advances in additive manufacturing. However, the lack of a transparent and reproducible selection methodology in previously published reviews hinders the clarity and comparability of findings. This paper adopts and customizes the APISSER framework, a structured and repeatable method that guides literature reviews through five steps: defining research questions, identifying sources, screening studies, extracting data, and reporting results. This approach is applied to investigate the use of TPMS lattices in heat-transfer applications, including heat sinks and heat exchangers. The study covers 170 peer-reviewed journal articles from 2000 to 2024, analyzing key aspects such as application domain, topology, working fluid, flow regime, additive manufacturing method, and numerical modeling details. Results show a predominance of numerical studies, with the Gyroid and Diamond topologies being the most investigated. These structures are frequently modeled as porous media, especially for estimating pressure drops, although detailed thermal analysis often relies on full-resolution geometries. Water and air are the most common working fluids, while turbulence modeling remains limited to RANS approaches. The structured methodology adopted ensures high reproducibility and provides a quantitative foundation for addressing the identified knowledge gaps, guiding future experimental and computational research
Modification of the Viabahn Padova Sutureless Technique for Challenging Anastomosis Between a Prosthetic Graft and a Circumferentially Calcified Target Artery
No full textMethodology for the Safety and Reliability assessment of hypersonic transportation systems in conceptual design activities
No full textG.M. FERRETTO, Treviso e Bologna nella vita segreta di Dante Alighieri, Edizioni G.M.F., Treviso 2001
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