155 research outputs found
Analisi molecolare di ceppi di parvovirus felino (FPV) e canino (CPV-2).
No full textIl Virus della Panleucopenia Felina (FPV), è un virus a DNA appartenente alla famiglia Parvoviridae, genere Parvovirus, sottogruppo del parvovirus felino, di cui rappresenta il capostipite. Il FPV infetta felidi domestici e selvatici determinando una patologia, la panleucopenia felina, caratterizzata da leucopenia, gastroenterite e sintomi nervosi. Oltre al FPV, anche le nuove varianti antigeniche del parvovirus canino CPV-2a/2b/2c hanno esteso lo spettro d'ospite al gatto, determinando una malattia simile alla panleucopenia. Nonostante le strette correlazioni genomiche ed antigeniche esistenti tra il FPV e il CPV-2, le due specie virali hanno mostrato un differente comportamento evolutivo. Mentre il FPV è rimasto stabile nel tempo, il CPV-2 si è evoluto rapidamente, originando le nuove varianti 2a/2b/2c. Nel presente studio preliminare è stata effettuata un'indagine molecolare allo scopo di caratterizzare i ceppi di parvovirus che
circolano nella popolazione felina.
Sono stati analizzati 16 ceppi di Parvovirus isolati da gatti con sintomatologia riferibile a panleucopenia felina, raccolti tra il 2000 e il 2008. Ai fini della caratterizzazione genomica e antigenica, il gene VP2 è stato amplificato e sequenziato; le sequenze nucleotidiche ed aminoacidiche ottenute sono state sottoposte ad analisi filogenetica ed evolutiva utilizzando diversi softwares. Inoltre, per alcuni ceppi virali si è proceduto al clonaggio e successiva analisi dei cloni.
L'analisi delle sequenze ha evidenziato che 14 ceppi virali erano tipici FPV, mentre 2 ceppi erano rispettivamente CPV-2c e 2a. L'analisi dei cloni dei ceppi di Parvovirus canino, ha permesso di stabilire che nei soggetti infettati da CPV-2, vi era un'elevata complessità genetica con la presenza di più popolazioni virali nello stesso animale, nonché una co-infezione con presenza nello stesso animale di CPV-2 e FPV.
Nei gatti analizzati è stata riscontrata una netta prevalenza del tipico FPV, che conferma la stabilità di questo virus; invece l'elevata complessità genetica rilevata nei ceppi di CPV-2, conferma la tendenza del CPV-2 ad evolversi con un tasso di mutazione
particolarmente elevato, comparabile ad un RNA virus. Inoltre si tratta della prima segnalazione di un'infezione mista da Parvovirus felino e canino nel gatto, che insieme alle caratteristiche di quasispecie dei ceppi evidenziati, fa ipotizzare un importante ruolo epidemiologico svolto dal gatto, ai fini dell'emergenza di nuove varianti di Parvovirus
Unexpected death: anaphylactic intraoperative death due to Thymoglobulin carbohydrate excipient
No full textAnaphylactic shock is a life-threatening allergic response characterized by severe hypotension, inducing tissue hypoperfusion with possible multi-organ failure and death. We describe the first case of fatal intra-operative anaphylactic shock due to prolonged infusion of Thymoglobulin during Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (OLT), resulting from recruitment of both mastocytes and basophils, activated and degranulated. Post-mortem serological analysis on a preserved, pre-OLT sample of the patient's blood revealed specific IgE against carbohydrate cross-reactive determinants (CCDs), such as MUXF3 and nAna c2, proving that anaphylactic reaction was triggered by the Thymoglobulin carbohydrate excipient (sugar alcohol mannitol), rather than anti-thymocyte globulin itself. Our findings are consistent with scientific data reported in the literature, where only one case of non-fatal anaphylaxis to Thymoglobulin has been described, despite the existence of proven cases of anaphylactic reaction to mannitol. This case highlights the need to pay particular attention in future not only to active substances but also to drug excipients, above all during intra-operative drug delivery. In view of the important role played by basophils in this kind of anaphylaxis, the basophil activation test (BAT) could prove useful in preventing anaphylactic death from CCDs
Researching children's perspectives in pediatric palliative care: A systematic review and meta-summary of qualitative research
No full textQualitative research is pivotal in gaining understanding of individuals' experiences in pediatric palliative care. In the past few decades, the number of qualitative studies on pediatric palliative care has increased slightly, as has interest in qualitative research in this area. Nonetheless, a limited number of such studies have included the first-person perspective of children. The aim of this article is to understand the contribution of previous qualitative research on pediatric palliative care that included the voices of children
Antimicrobial susceptibility of vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant enterococci isolated in Italy from raw meat products, farm animals, and human infections.
No full textThe susceptibility of vancomycin-resistant (VRE) and vancomycin-susceptible (VSE) enterococci to 10 antimicrobial agents was evaluated. The strains, belonging to different species, were isolated in Italy from raw meat products, farm animals, and human clinical infections in the years 1997–2000. High frequency of resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin was observed in all the groups of strains. On the contrary, chloramphenicol was the only drug that showed a relatively low rate of resistance in all the groups examined. In general, the resistance rates observed for VSE did not differ from those observed for VRE of the same species and origin. Some differences could be noticed among the different enterococcal species, with Enterococcus faecium strains being usually more resistant to beta-lactams, and Enterococcus faecalis strains more resistant to gentamicin. However, the strongest differences were observed when the strains were compared according to their source, the human isolates
being usually more resistant than the isolates of animal origin. No significant difference was observed between isolates of swine and poultry origin. Among VRE E. faecium, multiple resistance was much more frequent among the human strains (90%) than among poultry (48.9%) and swine (26.5%) strains. These results show that in Italy VRE isolates from human clinical infections are usually more resistant than isolates from meat products and farm animals, and possess different antimicrobial resistance profiles
Assessment of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid exposure through fish consumption in Italy
No full textPerfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are pollutants of anthropic origin with possible side effects on human health. Diet, and in particular fish and seafood, is considered the major intake pathway for humans. The present study investigated the levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) contamination in twenty-five samples of fresh fillet of five widely consumed fish species purchased from large retailers in Italy, to be used for an estimation of the Italian population exposure to these contaminants. PFOS and PFOA were found in all samples, at concentrations up to 1896 (mean=627 ng/kg) and 487 ng/kg (mean=75 ng/kg), respectively, confirming the role of fish as high contributor to human exposure. However, a remarkable inter-species variability was observed, and multiple factors were suggested as potentially responsible for such differences, suggesting that the preferential consumption of certain species could likely increase the intake, and thus the exposure. The exposure estimates for both average and high fish consumers resulted far below the tolerable daily intakes for PFOS and PFOA in all age groups, confirming the outcomes of EFSA’s scientific report. In particular, the calculated total dietary exposure for the 95th percentile consumers belonging to the toddler age class, the most exposed group, resulted equal to 9.72 ng/kg body weight (BW)/day for PFOS and 8.39 ng/kg BW/day for PFOA
Accuracy of nasal pressure swing to predict failure of high flow nasal oxygen in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure
No full textNot availabl
Comparison of perfluoroalkyl substances contamination in farmed and wild-caught European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
No full textPerfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a family of persistent pollutants of anthropic origin which can reach humans mainly through diet, causing potentially dangerous effects on health. Fish and fishery products are a major source of exposure, but intra- and inter-specific contamination can be extremely variable. In the present study a single species monitoring of the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), the two main compounds of the family, was performed on 140 farmed and wild caught European sea basses (Dicentrarchus labrax) from different places in the Medi- terranean area. The results highlight a strong correlation between the level of contamination and the origin of fishes, if wild or farmed: on average, wild caught sea basses (PFOS: 112-12,405 ng/kg, median 1345 ng/kg; PFOA: 9-487 ng/kg, median 28 ng/kg) showed higher levels than intensively farmed sea basses (PFOS: 11-105 ng/kg, median 32 ng/kg; PFOA: 9-51 ng/kg, median 21 ng/kg). Significant differences among the various rearing systems were also observed, with extensively-farmed subjects presenting relatively higher levels of both compounds compared to intensively farmed. Moreover, a certain variability among wild fish caught from different sampling sites was observed, confirming that PFASs contamination, which reached in some cases noticeable concentrations, might be influenced by the geographical origin
H-2020 MOOD Scoping review of Tularemia on the human, animal, vector and environmental covariates
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<p><span><span>The dataset </span><span>contains</span><span> quantitative data on the human, animal</span><span>, </span><span>vector</span><span> and environmental covariates associated with </span><span>Tularemia</span><span> retrieved from scientific papers through a standardized search on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria were data on the association between disease and covariates, language (English or other EU languages), </span><span>time frame</span><span> (30 years), geographical location (Europe), and publication type. Studies without data or with non-original or duplicated data (reviews, editorials, letters, model</span><span>l</span><span>ing studies with no data), lacking denominators or reference populations, unavailable </span><span>full-texts</span><span>, referring to data older than 2000 or gathered outside Europe, were excluded. The final </span><span>time frame</span><span> covered a period from 2000 to 2022.</span></span><span> </span></p>
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<p><span><span>The important </span><span>human, animal</span><span>, </span><span>vector</span><span> and environmental</span><span> covariates were extracted with the associated quantitative information, and the related information on the diseases. </span><span>The covariates were </span><span>submitted</span><span> to a revision process </span><span>and </span><span>label</span><span>led</span><span> according to a </span><span>labelling</span><span> system</span><span> agreed upon among a group of experts within the MOOD (grant agreement No 874850; </span></span><a href="https://mood-h2020.eu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span><span>https://mood-h2020.eu/</span></span></a><span><span>) project consortium.</span></span><span> </span></p>
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Progetto di applicazione dell'analisi del rischio alle parassitosi dell'allevamento suino
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