45,472 research outputs found
The political role of the people's liberation army 1949-1973
Get PDFThis thesis is to study the political role of the People's Liberation Army from the approach of structure and function. The framework of the thesis consists of three major parts, first, the influence of Chinese traditional political culture on, and the formation of, the political role of the PL A; second, the influence of domestic political struggles and external military conflicts on the development of the political role of the PLA; and the third, the analysis of the transition of the PLA's political role from the structure and personnel arrangements of the CCPCC Within the above-mentioned three scopes, this thesis make a thorough discussion on the following: (1) The relationship between the structure of the PRC and the formation of the PLA's political role; (2) How has ideology influenced the army's political role; (3) What is Mao's viewpoint and his influence on the development of the army's political role; (4) What is the link between the army and the party, and how has this developed; (6) What accounts for the expansion of the PLA's political functions; (7) What is the influence of political factional struggles on the PLA's political role; (8) Is it political institution or military institution that controls the recruitment of the military elite; (9) What are the disparities between the military elite in handling international conflicts and what are their political considerations; (10) What is the Party's position in the army; (11) How have the Party’s important meetings and personnel arrangements influenced the rise and fall of the PLA's political role
The politics of fashion: perceptions of power in female clothing and ornamentation as reflected in the sixteenth-century Chinese novel Jin Ping Mei
Get PDFThis thesis examines issues of female power and influence in sixteenth-century China focusing on how women and their roles were perceived in the changing social environment of the mid-late Ming dynasty. Using aspects of a New Historicist approach, information from contemporary literary and historical sources are analysed alongside each other. With its emphasis on the lives of women and preoccupation with the description of material objects, the late Ming novel Jin Ping Mei forms an important element in the thesis. China in the sixteenth century saw expanding urbanisation, the emergence of a new wealthy merchant class, increasing visibility of women and a questioning of traditional morality. Fashion consciousness, as one of the most conspicuous aspects of the new material culture, is a possible indicator of these trends. Traditional Western theories contend that fashion began in the particular context of Renaissance Europe. However, this study argues that a similar fashion awareness existed in China too, and was manifested in a competitive striving for social status, in this case specifically among women. In contrast to previous studies which downplayed the impact women had on defining traditional Chinese culture, this thesis demonstrates how women and their sartorial choices began to redefine the boundaries of material culture, influencing literati discourse which, in turn, re- influenced female behaviour
Chun qiu fan lu : [17 juan] /
No full textFacsimile reproduction of Lu shih Pao ching tʻang pen.Binder's title: Gui Zhenchuan ping dian bai er shi zi.Mode of access: Internet
Assessment of Regional Shallow Landslide Stability Based on Airborne Laser Scanning Data in the Yingxiu Area of Sichuan Province (China)
Get PDFThe Theory Of The Ideal King In “Chun Chiu Fan LU”(春秋繁露)
No full text[[abstract]]The substance of this paper is the “Theory of the King/Kingdom in Chun Chiu Fan LU(春秋繁露)”. First, I think the theory of an “ideal king” could be the problematic idea in “Chun Chiu Fan LU”. The background of the politics and the society in pre-Han dynasty, many intellects are always concerned with the morality of king and all kinds of problems in the kingdom. So, they had a great deal of discussions about king and kingdom. Chun Chiu Fan Lu continues with the political tradition; the articles in this book are written in the same way which combines the philosophical theory and king’s practice. For this reason, we can determine the problematic idea in Chun Chiu Fan LU is “ideal king”.
Then, I need to build up the theory of ideal king in Chun Chiu Fan LU. According to the articles in this writings, there are three horizons about the ideal king theory. The first is the theory of cosmology and ontology. In this horizon, we can understand the theory combines the almighty lord possessing flawless morality with the lawof air which includes Yin Yan (陰陽) and Five Elements(五行). The ideal king needs to learn the flawless morality of lord. The second is the theory about human-nature. The ideal king needs to develop his moral character through the Five Classics. The last horizon is the theory about ideal king’s moral practice. The ideal king should build up a peace and wealthy land so that the almighty lord will bless the king and kingdom. Finally, the kingdom will become a paradise where has no war and no famine.
Biomedical Application of Activity Probe for Neuraminidase and Steroid Sulfatase
No full text以酵素的活性為基礎的而設計的小分子活性探針可以用來標示、濃縮、分離及區分蛋白質。它會選擇性的與酵素反應並共價鍵結於酵素上。活性探針的組成包含四個主要部分：辨識端、捕捉機制、連結鏈與發報端。在本研究中，活性探針6、11及12被用來測試標定流感病毒唾液酸酶及固醇硫酸酶。以活性探針12為基礎而設計的化合物17、18及19則用以抑制固醇硫酸酶的活性。
[第一部分]
爲了偵測及抑制流行性感冒病毒唾液酸酶，探針6的結構包含四個部分：唾液酸辨識端、quionoe methide捕捉機制、連結鏈及用以偵測分離的生物素發報端。一但唾液酸酶水解唾液酸，所產生的高活性quinone methide便會共價修飾酵素。在本研究中，我們以西方墨點法觀察到生物素標示的Arthrobacter ureafaciens唾液酸酶。針對病毒捕捉的實驗，探針藉由卵白素與生物素的交互作用固定於微孔盤上，並利用酵素免疫分析法證實可以成功地捕捉到流行性感冒病毒。合併反轉錄-聚合酶鏈反應與專一性的引子對可成功的區分被捕捉的流行性感冒病毒種類。本研究這個新的方法提供了一個機會可以快速利用抗體篩選流行性感冒病毒及發展更敏感快速的診斷方法。
[第二部分]
固醇硫酸酶藉由調控estrone sulfate的脫硫反應促進乳癌細胞吸收estrogen。人類固醇硫酸酶被發現在乳癌腫瘤上有表現量及活性增加的趨勢也因此成為藥物發展的標的。在本研究中，兩種固醇硫酸酶活性探針(探針11及12)及三種抑制劑(化合物17、18及19被用來標示及抑制固醇硫酸酶。標示的研究說明了探針11會專一性的與固醇硫酸酶反應。墨點分析也說明了探針11所標示的訊號強度與酵素的活性有關。更進一步的研究發現，探針12比探針11具有更高的特異性與較少的擴散反應發生。在抑制的研究方面，三價的酪氨酸硫酯化衍生物，化合物19，顯示有較化合物17和18更好的抑制能力。活細胞的實驗也證明了化合物19對倉鼠卵巢細胞具有適當的通透性及不具細胞毒性的特性。對於發展乳癌的治療固醇硫酸酶探針12及化合物19將會是一個有用的化學方法用於固醇硫酸酶的鑑別、抑制劑的設計及蛋白質體內標的物功能性狀態的決定。Depending on their enzymatic activities, the small molecular activity probe can be used to tag, enrich or isolate distinct sets of proteins. It only selectively reacts with enzymes that have a catalytic activity and covalent linkage with targeted enzyme. Activity probe contains four major components: a recognition head, a trapping device, a linker and a reporter group. The designed probe 6 was employed by this study to test its labeling effects on influenza virus neuraminidase (NA), whereas for the application of steroid sulfatase (STS), probes 11 and 12 were adopted. Compounds 17, 18 and 19, whose structures were designed on the basis of that of probe 12, were used for inhibiting STS activity.
Part I
For the detection and inhibition of influenza virus NA, the structure of probe 6 was designed to contains four fragments, a sialic acid for recognition, a latent quinone methide for trapping device, a linker and a biotin as reporter for detection and separation. Once a sialic acid is released by the hydrolysis of NA, the enzyme can be covalently modified by the resulting highly reactive quinone methide. In our study, the biotin labeled Arthrobacter ureafaciens NA were observed by Western blotting. For virus capturing experiment, the probe was be used to attach the microplates through avidin-biotin interactions and the captured virus were successfully demonstrated by the ELISA assay. To identify the captured virus, RT-PCR method combined with specific primer sets was future implemented. Overall, the novel approach adopted in this study offers opportunities for the rapid screening of antibodies against influenza virus and development of sensitive, rapid diagnostic methods.
Part II
Steroid sulfatase (STS) facilitates the estrogen uptake of breast cancer cells by mediating the desulfation of estrone sulfate. Human steroid sulfatase has become a target for drug development due to its increased expression and activity in breast carcinoma. In this study, two activity probes (probes 11 and 12) and three inhibitors (compounds 17, 18, and 19) were used for STS labeling and inhibition. Regarding STS labeling, probe 11 was shown to specifically react with STS. The dot signal intensity of probe 11 was illustrated by dot blot analysis to be correlated with enzymatic activity. Compared with probe 11, probe 12 demonstrated that higher specificity and less cross-reactivities. For STS inactivation study, compound 19, trivalent tyrosine sulfate ester derivative, revealed better inhibition ability than compounds 17 and 18. For compound 19, moderate cell permeability and no cytotoxicity for CHO cells were demonstrated in live cell assay. As a result, for the development of breast cancer treatment, probe 12 and compound 19 may be two effective chemical devices in STS identification, STS inhibition, and functional state determination in complex proteome.口試委員會審定書 i
誌謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
Abstract v
Abbreviations x
List of Figures xiii
List of Tables xv
Chapter 1 Biomedical Application of Activity Probe for Influenza Virus Neuraminidase
1.1 Introduction 1
1.1.1 Influenza virus ……………………………………………... 1
1.1.2 NA-targeted inhibitors ………………………………………. 4
1.1.3 Activity probe for NA labeling………………………………... 7
1.1.4 Aim and experimental approaches …………………………… 10
1.2 Materials and Methods 12
1.2.1 Materials …………………………………………………... 12
1.2.2 NA probe labeling ……………………………….................. 13
1.2.3 Western blot analysis ………………………………………... 13
1.2.4 NA activity assay …………………………………………… 14
1.2.5 Virus particle ELISA assay …………………………………... 14
1.2.6 Purification of RNA from influenza virus and RT-PCR amplification .......................................................................... 15
1.2.7 Agarose gel electrophoresis ………………………………….. 16
1.3 Results 17
1.3.1 NA labeling by probe 6 ………………………….................... 17
1.3.2 Effect of probe 6 inhibition ………………………………….. 18
1.3.3 Virus captured by immobilized probe 6 ……………….............. 21
1.3.4 Detection of influenza virus after probe capturing experiment …… 23
1.3.5 Typing and subtyping of influenza virus after probe capturing ….... 25
1.4 Discussion 27
1.4.1 Labeling and inactivation of NA by probe 6……………............. 27
1.4.2 Capturing influenza virus by immobilized probe 6 ……………... 28
1.5 Conclusion 32
Chapter 2 Development of an Activity Probe and Inhibitors for Steroid Sulfatase
2.1 Introduction 33
2.1.1 Reversible sulfation pathway and steroid sulfatase (STS) ……….. 33
2.1.2 Steroid sulfatase (STS) in health and disease …………………... 39
2.1.3 Activity probes and inhibitors for STS ………………………... 42
2.1.4 Aim and experimental approaches …………………………… 46
2.2 Materials and Methods 47
2.2.1 Materials …………………………………………………... 47
2.2.2 Cell culture and transfection …………………………………. 48
2.2.3 Cell fractionation …………………………………………… 49
2.2.4 STS activity assay …………………………………………. 49
2.2.5 STS probe labeling ………………………………………….. 50
2.2.6 Western blot ………………………………………………... 50
2.2.7 Dot blot ……………………………………………………. 51
2.2.8 Cell viability assay ………………………………………….. 51
2.3 Results 52
2.3.1 Human STS Transfection ……………………………………. 52
2.3.2 Labeling of STS by probe 11 ………………………………… 53
2.3.3 Dot blot analysis of probe 11 in labeling reaction ……………… 55
2.3.4 Labeling of STS by activity probe 12 …………………………. 57
2.3.5 Inactivation by STS inhibitors …………………....................... 59
2.3.6 Cytotoxicity studyof compound 19 ………………………….... 61
2.4 Discussion 63
2.4.1 Effect of STS labeling by activity probes 11 and 12 …………….. 63
2.4.2 Inactivation by STS inhibitors………………………………… 65
2.5 Conclusion 67
References 68
Curriculum Vitae 7
Qi lu shang gu chuan tong; Wei Jin Sui Tang Song Yuan juan
No full textBen shu jie shao le qi feng yu yun:wei jin nan bei chao shi qi de qi lu shang jia chuan tong;Sui tang wu dai shi qi qi lu shang jia chuan tong de ping huan fa zhan;Song yuan shi qi qi lu shang jia chuan tong de zhong xin zhen xing deng nei ron
Chun qiu fan lu: shi qi juan, zong ping. v.1
No full text董仲舒著 ; 王道焜閱.綫裝, 1函.框19.7x14.4公分, 9行20字, 小字雙行同. 白口, 左右雙邊, 單白魚尾. 版心上鐫題名, 中鐫卷次. 眉端刻評.有慶曆七年樓郁序.鈐有"鯉洋文庫"印.Xian zhuang, 1 han.Kuang 19.7 x 14.4 gong fen, 9 hang 20 zi, xiao zi shuang hang tong. Bai kou, zuo you shuang bian, dan bai yu wei. Ban xin shang juan ti ming, zhong juan juan ci. Mei duan ke ping.You Qingli qi nian lou yu xu.Dong Zhongshu zhu ; Wang Daokun yue.Qian you "Li yang wen ku" yin
Zi zhi tong jian gang mu: Qian bian er shi wu juan, Zheng bian wu shi jiu juan, Xu bian er shi qi juan, Xu bian juan mo. v.1
No full text[V.1-8]. 前編二十五卷 -- [v.9-89]. 正編五十九卷 -- [v.90]. 續編卷末 : 五代史補編 -- [v. 91-118]. 續編二十七卷.[V.1-8]. qian bian er shi wu juan -- [v.9-89]. zheng bian wu shi jiu juan -- [v.90]. xu bian juan mo : wu dai shi bu bian -- [v. 91-118]. xu bian er shi qi juan.[朱熹纂修 ; 前編南軒撰 ; 續編商輅...[et al.]奉勅撰] ; 陳仁錫評閱.綫裝, 12函.框19.9x14.3公分, 7行18字, 小字雙行同, 白口, 單黑魚尾, 四周單邊, 版心上鐫"通鑑綱目", 中鐫卷次及小題, 下鐫葉次, "前編", "春明堂", "正編", "續編"等. 眉端刻評.《資治通鑑綱目》正編内封頁鐫"陳明卿先生評定, □□梓行"鈐有"范陽氏鏡潭藏", "魏氏家藏"印.Xian zhuang, 12 han.Kuang 19.9 x 14.3 gong fen, 7 hang 18 zi, xiao zi shuang hang tong, bai kou, dan hei yu wei, si zhou dan bian, ban xin shang juan "Tong jian gang mu", zhong juan juan ci ji xiao ti, xia juan ye ci, "Qian bian", "Chun ming tang", "Zheng bian", "Xu bian"deng. Mei duan ke ping."Zi zhi tong jian gang mu" zheng bian nei feng ye juan "Chen Mingqing xian sheng ping ding, [...] [...] zi hang"[Zhu Xi zuan xiu ; qian bian Nan Xuan zhuan ; xu bian Shang Lu ...[et al.] feng chi zhuan] ; Chen Renxi ping yue.Qian you "Fanyang shi Jingtan cang", "Wei shi jia cang" yin
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