1,721,257 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity of Enterococcus cecorum isolates in France
No full textEnterococcus cecorum est une bactérie commensale et dominante dans le tractus intestinal du poulet adulte. Depuis 2002, elle est devenue une cause mondiale de boiteries chez les volailles, particulièrement chez les poulets de chair à croissance rapide. Cette bactérie est principalement responsable de spondylarthrite, mais aussi de nécrose de la tête fémorale et d’ostéomyélite. Ainsi, les infections à E. cecorum engendrent une souffrance animale et contribuent à l'utilisation d'antibiotiques, susceptibles d’entraîner des résistances. La pathogénicité d‘E. cecorum est peu étudiée et rares sont les données disponibles concernant la résistance aux antimicrobiens dans les isolats cliniques français.Dans un premier temps, nous avons analysé la diversité génétique de cette espèce et en particulier des isolats cliniques circulant dans les élevages français. Pour cela, l'étude génomique de 118 isolats d’origine principalement clinique a été réalisée. Le séquençage, l'assemblage et l'annotation de ces génomes ont permis de caractériser le core et le pan-génome de cette espèce. Les isolats cliniques semblent phylogénétiquement distincts des isolats non cliniques de volailles et forment un clade principal responsable des infections à E. cecorum en France et probablement aux Etats-Unis et en Europe. De plus, des gènes enrichis dans les génomes d'isolats cliniques ont été mis en évidence et nous avons identifié six gènes qui permettraient de déterminer l'origine clinique d'une souche dans 94% des cas. La recherche de gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques a également permis de montrer que les ICE ou îlots génomiques en sont les principaux supports génétiques.Dans un second temps, nous avons enrichi la collection avec des isolats non-cliniques isolés d’élevages français afin d’étudier les phénotypes de résistance aux antimicrobiens et déterminer les premiers seuils épidémiologiques pour la diffusion en gélose à partir de disques (DD) ou la micro-dilution en milieu liquide (MDL). Après avoir optimisé ces méthodes pour E. cecorum, nous avons déterminé des seuils pour 25 ou 20 molécules testées par DD ou MDL respectivement. Les résistances aux tétracyclines ou à certains macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramines sont fréquentes alors que les résistances aux antibiotiques d’importance en santé humaine sont rares. La confrontation des données phénotypiques avec les génomes précédemment étudiés a montré une meilleure corrélation entre la méthode DD et les gènes de résistance identifiés. Nous avons également mis en évidence des mutations pouvant être à l'origine de résistances aux fluoroquinolones.Enfin, nous avons réalisé un essai in vivo chez le poulet pour étudier la colonisation digestive et la sélection d’une souche clinique d'E. cecorum résistante à de nombreux antimicrobiens, en particulier aux glycopeptides et au narasin. Des poussins d'un jour ont été inoculés oralement avec cette souche et traités ou non par différents antimicrobiens dont la tétracycline ou le narasin. L’analyse des matières fécales a montré la persistance de la souche, mais celle-ci n’a pas été sélectionnée par l’administration de tétracycline ou de narasin. De plus, dans nos conditions, le transfert de la résistance à la vancomycine de la souche inoculée vers un autre entérocoque du microbiote intestinal n’a pas été détecté.L’ensemble des résultats de cette thèse mettent en évidence une clonalité des souches cliniques circulant en élevage en France, renseignent sur leur résistance aux antimicrobiens et permettent de proposer les premiers seuils épidémiologiques de résistanceEnterococcus cecorum is a commensal and dominant bacterium in the intestinal tract of adult chickens. Since 2002, it has become a worldwide cause of lameness in poultry, particularly in fast-growing broilers. This bacterium is mainly responsible for spondylarthritis, but also for femoral head necrosis and osteomyelitis. E. cecorum infections cause animal suffering and contribute to the use of antibiotics, which may lead to resistance. The pathogenicity of E. cecorum is poorly studied and few data are available on antimicrobial resistance in French clinical isolates.First, we analysed the genetic diversity of this species and in particular the clinical isolates circulating in French farms. For this purpose, the genomic study of 118 isolates of mainly clinical origin was carried out. The sequencing, assembly and annotation of these genomes have made it possible to characterise the core and pan-genome of this species. Clinical isolates appear phylogenetically distinct from non-clinical poultry isolates and form a main clade responsible for E. cecorum outbreaks in France and probably in the USA and Europe. In addition, genes enriched in the genomes of clinical isolates have been identified and we have selected six genes that discriminate 94% of isolates associated with disease from those that are not. The search for antibiotic resistance genes also showed that the ICEs or genomic islands are the main genetic carriers.In a second step, we enriched the collection with non-clinical isolates isolated from French farms to study antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and determine the first epidemiological cut-off for agar disc diffusion (DD) or broth microdilution (BM). After optimising these methods for E. cecorum, we determined cut-offs for 25 or 20 molecules tested by DD or BM respectively. Frequent resistances to tetracyclines or some macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramines were highlighted, whereas resistances to antibiotics of importance in human health are rare. The comparison of phenotypic data with the previously studied genomes showed a better correlation between the DD method and the resistance genes identified. We also highlighted mutations that could be at the origin of fluoroquinolone resistance.Finally, we performed an in vivo trial in chickens to study the digestive colonisation and selection of a clinical strain of E. cecorum resistant to numerous antimicrobials, in particular glycopeptides and narasin. One-day-old chicks were orally inoculated with this strain and treated or not with different antimicrobials including tetracycline or narasin. Faecal analysis showed the persistence of the strain, but it was not selected by the administration of tetracycline or narasin. Furthermore, in our conditions, transfer of vancomycin resistance from the inoculated strain to another Enterococcus in the gut microbiota was not detected.Altogether, the results of this thesis highlighted the clonality of the clinical strains circulating in livestock in France, determined their resistance to antimicrobials and proposed the first epidemiological thresholds of resistance
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