136 research outputs found
Gross efficiency, maximal muscle function and cycling endurance exercise
No full textSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN021504 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Louis Passfield-A Role Model for the Mission of IJSPP
No full textOn November 12, 2022, we got the sad news that Professor Louis
Passfield had passed way. Our thoughts are now with Louis’s family
and friends. He was a remarkable and respected man, an inspiration as
a person, leader, scientist, and sport practitioner. His passion for
physiology and performance in sports, in particular cycling, was
tremendous. In his last YouTube video, posted not long before he
passed away, Louis was riding his bike and talking passionately about
his own training, generously sharing his wisdom of sport physiology
and performance
The distance-time relationship and its use in endurance training and performance
No full textThe aims of this thesis were to develop a time efficient field test of the distance-time relationship, assess its validity, reliability and sensitivity and utilise the test to monitor and prescribe endurance training in distance runners. Laboratory-based tests of the distance-time relationship often use lengthy recovery periods between trials, resulting in multiple visits and limiting their practical application. A field-based test, completed in a single visit, could improve the utility of the distance-time relationship.
A novel single visit field test comprising of 3 constant-distance trials, separated by a 30-minute recovery, was designed. This test estimates the highest sustainable rate of aerobic metabolism, or critical speed (CS), and the modelled maximum distance performed above CS (D’). When compared to a traditional multi-visit laboratory protocol, field test CS was highly correlated (r=0.89, P0.05) and high typical error (334-1709 s). Non-linear modelling of recovery did not improve the accuracy. A high variability in D’ may in part explain the low predictive ability of the models.
The conclusion from this thesis is that the single visit field test is a valid, reliable and sensitive test for CS, which provides a favourable alternative to multi-visit laboratory-based testing
Perfectionism and training distress in junior athletes: A longitudinal investigation
No full textPerfectionistic athletes may train harder and for longer than non-perfectionistic athletes, leaving them susceptible to elevated levels of training distress. So far, however, no study has investigated the relationships between perfectionism and training distress, a key indicator of overtraining syndrome. Furthermore, no study has determined psychological predictors of overtraining syndrome. Using a two-wave design, the present study examined perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and training distress in 141 junior athletes (mean age 17.3 years, range 16-19 years) over 3 months of active training. Multiple regression analyses were employed to test cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between perfectionism and training distress. In all analyses, perfectionism emerged as a significant predictor, but strivings and concerns showed differential relationships. When the cross-sectional relationships were regarded, perfectionistic concerns positively predicted training distress (p .05). The findings suggest that sports scientists who wish to identify athletes at risk of overtraining syndrome may monitor athletes’ perfectionistic concerns as a possible risk factor
Determining optimal cadence for an individual road cyclist from field data
No full textThe cadence that maximises power output developed at the crank by an individual cyclist is conventionally determined using a laboratory test. The purpose of this study was two-fold: (i) to show that such a cadence, which we call the optimal cadence, can be determined using power output, heart-rate, and cadence measured in the field and (ii) to describe methodology to do so. For an individual cyclist's sessions, power output is related to cadence and the elicited heart-rate using a non-linear regression model. Optimal cadences are found for two riders (83 and 70 revolutions per minute, respectively); these cadences are similar to the riders’ preferred cadences (82–92?rpm and 65–75?rpm). Power output reduces by approximately 6% for cadences 20?rpm above or below optimum. Our methodology can be used by a rider to determine an optimal cadence without laboratory testing intervention: the rider will need to collect power output, heart-rate, and cadence measurements from training and racing sessions over an extended period (>6 months); ride at a range of cadences within those sessions; and calculate his/her optimal cadence using the methodology described or a software tool that implements it
Metabolic and performance-related consequences of exercising at and slightly above MLSS
No full textExercising at the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) results in increased but stable metabolic responses. We tested the hypothesis that even a slight increase above MLSS (10 W), by altering the metabolic steady state, would reduce exercise performance capacity. Eleven trained men in our study performed: one ramp‐incremental tests; two to four 30‐minute constant‐load cycling exercise trials to determine the PO at MLSS (MLSSp), and ten watts above MLSS (MLSSp+10), which were immediately followed by a time‐to‐exhaustion test; and a time‐to‐exhaustion test with no‐prior exercise. Pulmonary O2 uptake V.O2) and blood lactate concentration ([La−]b) as well as local muscle O2 extraction ([HHb]) and muscle activity (EMG) of the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles were measured during the testing sessions. When exercising at MLSSp+10, although V.O2 was stable, there was an increase in ventilatory responses and EMG activity, along with a non‐stable [La−]b response (P < 0.05). The [HHb] of VL muscle achieved its apex at MLSSp with no additional increase above this intensity, whereas the [HHb] of RF progressively increased during MLSSp+10 and achieved its apex during the time‐to‐exhaustion trials. Time‐to‐exhaustion performance was decreased after exercising at MLSSp (37.3 ± 16.4%) compared to the no‐prior exercise condition, and further decreased after exercising at MLSSp+10 (64.6 ± 6.3%) (P < 0.05). In summary, exercising for 30 min slightly above MLSS led to significant alterations of metabolic responses which disproportionately compromised subsequent exercise performance. Furthermore, the [HHb] signal of VL seemed to achieve a “ceiling” at the intensity of exercise associated with MLSS
Perfectionism and changes in athlete burnout over three months: Interactive effects of personal standards and evaluative concerns perfectionism
No full textObjectives: A recent longitudinal study with junior athletes (Madigan, Stoeber, & Passfield, 2015) found perfectionism to predict changes in athlete burnout: evaluative concerns perfectionism predicted increases in burnout over a 3-month period, whereas personal standards perfectionism predicted decreases. The present study sought to expand on these findings by using the framework of the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism (Gaudreau & Thompson, 2010) to examine whether evaluative concerns perfectionism and personal standards perfectionism show interactions in predicting changes in athlete burnout. Design: Two-wave longitudinal design. Method: The present study examined self-reported evaluative concerns perfectionism, personal standards perfectionism, and athlete burnout in 111 athletes (mean age 24.8 years) over 3 months of active training. Results and Conclusion: When moderated regression analyses were employed, interactive effects of evaluative concerns perfectionism × personal standards perfectionism were found indicating that personal standards perfectionism buffered the effects of evaluative concerns perfectionism on total burnout and physical/emotional exhaustion. To interpret these effects, the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism provides a useful theoretical framework
Groin and Hip Complexities: Is Prevention viable?
No full textGroin and Hip pain is a well-recognised complaint among active young and middle-aged active adults. The groin, an anatomical region where diagnosis and symptoms are often confusing, may also represent a "Bermuda Triangle" for clinicians to disappear in vortices of suppositions and assumptions. Traditionally, there has been little International consensus regarding terminology, definitions and classification of groin pain in athletes. Consequently, there is minimal understanding of diagnosis, pathophysiology, investigation or management, although during the past decade the field has evolved and an evidence-based understanding is now emerging.As the diagnosis is multifactorial, one of the key points is to understand the entire anatomy and most importantly, the functional anatomy. Groin and hip physical testing of impairments, function, and performance have been documented. However, many of the studies are of poor quality and the results of research difficult to interpret and implement into practice. The prevalence of Radiographic groin and hip abnormalities is considerable and requires identification of the relationship between these radiographic abnormalities and the clinically symptomatic pathologies. There is no consensus regarding the optimum conservative management or for the ideal operating technique. Further research is required in relation to nonsur¬gical and surgical management-and the timing of these management approaches.The methods used in this thesis consists of drawing upon personal professional experience, attending National and International conferences, interactions at these conferences andevaluating various evidence sources. Translating and applying this ongoing knowledge into meaningful prevention and rehabilitation protocols has been practically undertaken and subsequently presented in the thesis. In spite of minimal evidence-based medicine and general lack of consensus, it seems the most pertinent point is that many of the groin/hip pathologies may be averted by an understanding of all the complexities involved. By exploring all the knowledge (scientific and practical) of hip and groin pathologies, a prevention strategy in the first place seems plausible, with specific pre-habilitation, bearing in mind the entire kinetic chain and taking into account the neuro - motor control thereof. Thus this thesis establishes a lack of consensus and a need for a robust hip/groin injury and pain prevention strategy
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