31 research outputs found
Uso de la educación nutricional como medio para promover el bienestar para todos en todas las edades: Nutrieducar@prendiendo. 2a. Edición
No full textEste trabajo fue financiado por un proyecto de Aprendizaje-Servicio de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, para el año académico 2023/24Nutrieducar@prendiendo es un proyecto de aprendizaje-servicio (S-L) que comenzó en septiembre de 2022. Su objetivo es formar a los estudiantes en responsabilidad social, comunicación científica y ética profesional, además de contribuir a mejorar la salud nutricional de diversas poblaciones. Desde el punto de vista del aprendizaje, el proyecto busca aumentar la motivación de los estudiantes, mejorar su creatividad, capacidad de trabajo en grupo, gestión de información y habilidades de transmisión escrita y oral, así como su educación nutricional, adaptando la información seleccionada al nivel de la población de una manera didáctica y gamificada. Esta segunda edición se centró en aplicar el proyecto a las prácticas académicas curriculares durante el último año de la carrera y como actividades obligatorias en asignaturas específicas. Además, durante esta segunda edición, los materiales educativos diseñados en la primera edición se difundieron a través de redes sociales para compartir el contenido y los materiales de nutrición con la sociedad.Universidad Complutense de MadridDepto. de Nutrición y Ciencia de los AlimentosFac. de FarmaciaTRUEsubmittedAPC financiada por la UC
Milk fat globule membrane-enriched milk improves episodic memory: A randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in older adults
No full textCognitive decline is one of the most important consequences of aging and pharmacological therapies had been largely unsuccessful. Other strategies include the use of functional foods to reduce the burden of cognitive decline. The MFGM is an important source of polar lipids and glycoproteins that decline in the aging brain. We have developed a milk drink fortified with MFGM (MFGM-M) as a dietary supplement and studied it in a randomized clinical pilot study. Forty-four > 65-year-old healthy or mildly cognitively impaired subjects received MFGM-M or control milk (CM) for 14 weeks, during which they underwent a battery of cognitive tests. Lipidomic analyzes were also performed. The female participants showed improvement in episodic memory, the ability to recall events in our lives. It is conceivable that any intervention should be started before clinical symptoms manifest, as a preventive measure against cognitive decline. Future long-term studies may shed further light on this point
Lactose: beneficial or harmful? Evidence-based dietary approaches
No full textThe consumption of milk and derivatives is essential throughout life. Lactose plays a significant role due to its prebiotic effect, potential implications for the gut microbiota, and impact on bone and gastrointestinal health. Therefore, it should not be avoided unless a medical condition justifies it. It is crucial to distinguish between lactase non-persistence, lactose malabsorption, and lactose intolerance. A proper diagnosis should be the starting point to prevent the unnecessary removal of milk, dairy products, or lactose from the diet due to trends or misinformation rather than actual intolerance. The primary strategy for managing lactose intolerance is to mitigate symptom severity through dietary modifications while ensuring adequate nutrient intake.El consumo de leche y sus derivados es fundamental a lo largo de toda la vida. La lactosa tiene un papel relevante por su efecto prebiótico, las posibles implicaciones sobre la microbiota y su efecto sobre la salud ósea y gastrointestinal, por lo que no debería evitarse o eliminarse, salvo que alguna condición médica así lo requiera. Resulta fundamental diferenciar entre la no persistencia de lactasa, la malabsorción y la intolerancia a la lactosa. Un diagnóstico adecuado debe ser el punto de partida para evitar la exclusión de la dieta de la leche y derivados o de la lactosa sin causa justificada, por moda o desconocimiento y no por intolerancia. La principal estrategia para tratar la intolerancia a la lactosa es reducir la intensidad de los síntomas a través de modificaciones dietéticas, asegurando, al mismo tiempo, una ingesta adecuada de nutrientes.Depto. de Nutrición y Ciencia de los AlimentosFac. de FarmaciaTRUEpu
Anorexia nervosa, microbiota and brain
No full textAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disease with a high prevalence and comorbidities, characterized by a low response rate to treatment. It is considered as a multifactorial disease. In recent years, the focus has been placed on the presence of intestinal dysbiosis and its possible involvement as a causal factor as well as an alternative treatment. The objective of this work has been to review the current state of knowledge of alterations in the intestinal microbiota identified in patients with AN and the possibility of using probiotics as a therapeutic alternative. Significant changes in the diversity of species associated with weight loss have been described that could favor the perpetuation of the disorder, and that would explain many of the nutritional, gastrointestinal, psychological, and cognitive alterations present in these patients. The use of probiotics, still little studied in patients with AN, sheds some light on this matter to improve the treatment response, always hand in hand with conventional treatments.Depto. de Nutrición y Ciencia de los AlimentosFac. de FarmaciaTRUEpu
Efectos cardiometabólicos del ayuno intermitente en la mujer
No full textIntermittent fasting is a dietary pattern characterized by alternating periods of total or partial fasting and ad libitum food consumption. During prolonged fasting, the body uses the ketone bodies formed from lipolysis of body fat, which also leads to some metabolic modifications with positive effects on health. In this sense, nocturnal intermittent fasting could contribute to properly synchronize the circadian system making the physiological, hormonal, energetic and metabolic processes work correctly and keeping to the individual in homeostasis. Thus, according to the results of different studies, intermittent fasting, in the short-medium term, seems to improve body composition, as well as the values of several cardiometabolic parameters such as insulin and HOMA-IR index, among others. These effects have been observed in both pre- and postmenopausal women (no differences have been found between both states) and are similar to those found in interventions with caloric restriction diets.El ayuno intermitente es un patrón dietético caracterizado por la alternancia de periodos de ayuno, totales o parciales, y de consumo de alimentos ad libitum. Durante el ayuno prolongado, el organismo utiliza los cuerpos cetónicos que se forman a partir de la lipolisis de la grasa del organismo, lo que también da lugar a algunas modificaciones metabólicas con efectos positivos para la salud. En este sentido, el ayuno intermitente nocturno podría contribuir a sincronizar adecuadamente el sistema circadiano, haciendo que los procesos fisiológicos, hormonales, energéticos y metabólicos funcionen correctamente y mantengan al individuo en homeostasis. Así, de acuerdo con los resultados de diferentes estudios, el ayuno intermitente, a corto-medio plazo, parece mejorar la composición corporal, así como los valores de diversos parámetros cardiometabólicos como la insulina y el índice HOMA-IR, entre otros. Estos efectos se han observado tanto en mujeres premenopáusicas como postmenopáusicas, sin hallar diferencias entre ambos estados y son similares a los encontrados con intervenciones con dietas con restricción calórica.Depto. de Nutrición y Ciencia de los AlimentosFac. de FarmaciaTRUEpu
A comprehensive map of microbial biomarkers along the gastrointestinal tract for celiac disease patients
No full textDysbiosis of the microbiome has been related to Celiac disease (CeD) progress, an autoimmune disease characterized by gluten intolerance developed in genetically susceptible individuals under certain environmental factors. The microbiome contributes to CeD pathophysiology, modulating the immune response by the action of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), affecting gut barrier integrity allowing the entrance of gluten-derived proteins, and degrading immunogenic peptides of gluten through endoprolyl peptidase enzymes. Despite the evidence suggesting the implication of gut microbiome over CeD pathogenesis, there is no consensus about the specific microbial changes observed in this pathology. Here, we compiled the largest dataset of 16S prokaryotic ribosomal RNA gene high-throughput sequencing for consensus profiling. We present for the first time an integrative analysis of metataxonomic data from patients with CeD, including samples from different body sites (saliva, pharynx, duodenum, and stool). We found the presence of coordinated changes through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) characterized by an increase in Actinobacteria species in the upper GIT (pharynx and duodenum) and an increase in Proteobacteria in the lower GIT (duodenum and stool), as well as site-specific changes evidencing a dysbiosis in patients with CeD’ microbiota. Moreover, we described the effect of adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) evidenced by an increase in beneficial bacteria and a decrease in some Betaproteobacteriales but not fully restoring CeD-related dysbiosis. Finally, we built a Random Forest model to classify patients based on the lower GIT composition achieving good performance
Association of Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Patterns with Insulin Resistance in Schoolchildren
No full textBackground: Diet quality patterns are associated with a lower incidence of insulin resistance (IR) in adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between two diet quality indices and IR in schoolchildren and to identify the best diet quality index associated with a lower risk of IR. Methods: A total of 854 schoolchildren (8–13 years) were included in a cross-sectional study, who completed a three-day dietary record to assess their diet. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin were also measured, and anthropometric data were collected. Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and adjusted DASH (aDASH) were calculated as diet quality indices. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used, and IR was defined as HOMA-IR > 3.16. Results: The prevalence of IR was 5.5%, and it was higher in girls. The mean HEI-2015 and DASH scores were 59.3 and 23.4, respectively, and boys scored lower in both indices. In girls, having a HEI-2015 score above the 33rd percentile was associated with a lower risk of IR (odds ratio [95% CI]: 0.43 [0.19–0.96], p = 0.020). Conclusion: Greater adherence to a healthy dietary pattern, as assessed by a higher HEI-2015 score, was associated with a lower risk of IR in schoolchildren, especially in girls
Dietary and Physical Activity Habits as Conditioning Factors of Nutritional Status among Children of GENYAL Study
No full textExcess weight (EW) in children has become a severe public health problem. The present study aimed to describe the main lifestyle characteristics and their possible association with nutritional status in a group of schoolchildren enrolled in the GENYAL study, where 221 children in the first or second grade of primary education (6–9 years old) were included. Anthropometric (BMI and bioimpedance), dietary intake (twice-repeated 24 h food record), and physical activity (twice-repeated 24 h physical activity questionnaire) data were collected. Logistic and linear regressions, with p-values adjusted for multiple tests by Bonferroni’s method and with sex and age as covariates, were applied. The prevalence of EW was 19%, 25.4%, and 32.2%, according to Orbegozo Foundation, IOFT, and WHO criteria, respectively. The results showed a significant association between schoolchildren’s nutritional status and energy balance, defined as the ratio of estimated energy intake to estimated energy expenditure (%), (β = −1.49 (−1.9–1.07), p < 0.01) and KIDMED Mediterranean Diet Quality Index score (β = −0.19 (95% IC −0.38–0), p = 0.04), and between the availability of TV or other technological devices in their room and the child’s BMI (β = 1.15 (95% IC 0.20–2.10), p = 0.017) and their fat mass (β = 3.28 (95% IC 0.69–5.87), p = 0.013). The number of dairy servings/day had a protective effect against EW (OR = 0.48 (0.29–0.75), p adjusted = 0.05)). Studying lifestyle factors associated with obesity is essential for developing tools and strategies for obesity prevention in children
Componentes del huevo implicados en la función cognitiva
No full textInterest in the relationship between diet and cognitive function has increased in recent years. In this sense, eggs contain many essential nutrients that are also beneficial for cognitive function. Several studies have shown that moderate egg consumption not only does not increase cardiovascular risk but is positively associated with better cognitive performance and a lower risk of dementia. Egg protein is particularly rich in tryptophan, which is a precursor to serotonin, the neurotransmitter involved in mood, and melatonin, the hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. Consumption of tryptophan-rich egg hydrolysates has been associated with improved attention and reduced feelings of sadness or depression. Egg choline is needed for the synthesis of acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter involved in memory and learning, and also for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, the intake of which has been linked to better mental function and a lower risk of dementia in adults. Choline intake during pregnancy reduces the risk of neural tube defects and is associated with better offspring development. And lutein and zeaxanthin, which are particularly concentrated in the nervous system, are associated with better visual function and cognitive development in the offspring and also in the elderly. All this evidence confirms the importance of including eggs in a balanced diet to prevent cognitive decline and improve cognitive health throughout life.Depto. de Nutrición y Ciencia de los AlimentosFac. de FarmaciaTRUEpu
Patrones dietéticos asociados a la obesidad y a sus comorbilidades
No full textObesity is a major public health challenge. In Spain the prevalence of excess of weight and obesity and is 56 % and 19 %, respectively, and it is linked to numerous preventable chronic diseases. Nutritional epidemiology focused on nutrients has evolved towards the study of dietary patterns that consider synergistic interactions between foods and nutrients. This study aims to investigate the relationship between obesity and its treatment by healthy dietary patterns.
The Mediterranean diet and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), based on plant products, whole grains and low levels of salt, sugars and red meat, have been shown to promote weight loss and reduce comorbidities associated with obesity. Although vegetarian and vegan diets are adequate options for disease management and prevention, they require planning to avoid nutritional deficiencies.
In conclusion, healthy dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, DASH and vegetarian options are effective in both the prevention and treatment of obesity, highlighting the importance of considering the synergy between foods and nutrients in the management of this health condition.Depto. de Nutrición y Ciencia de los AlimentosFac. de FarmaciaTRUEpu
