1,721,031 research outputs found
'Castore' and 'Polluce': two new hybrid rootstocks for peach and nectarine
No full text'I.S.' is a series of peach x almond clones, selected by the DCDSL "G. Scaramuzzi" of the University of Pisa, differentiated from 'GF 677' by the different degree of scion induced vigour. 'Castore' and 'Polluce' represent two of the most promising clones of the 'I.S.' series. 'Castore', selected as I.S.5/19, gives satisfactory results by in vitro propagation. It prefers fertile and permeable soils, whereas it is unsuitable for clay and waterlogged soils. The induced vigour (about 30% lower than 'GF 677') allows good growth control. Production, yield efficiency, fruit quality are also very good. Moreover, this stock adapts to poor soil where it shows good growth and yield efficiency similar to 'GF 677'. 'Castore' showed a resistance to calcareous soil slightly lower than 'GF 677'. 'Polluce', selected as I.S.5/8, is similar to 'Castore' for proliferation and rooting results by in vitro propagation. Like other peach x almond hybrids it is not suitable for wet, clay and poor drained soils, while it adapts to permeable soils, with medium or high fertility and medium-high lime content. It induces about 20% lower vigour than 'GF 677', and is associated with good production and high yield efficiency as well as good fruit characteristics. It reaches earlier vegetative balance than 'GF 677', and shows good productivity, yield efficiency and better fruit quality. These stocks could become alternatives to 'GF 677' especially in high ('Castore') and medium-high ('Polluce') fertile soils
Preliminary observations on nine peach rootstocks grown in a replant soil
No full textIn recent years, many new rootstocks obtained from interspecific crosses, roughly recognised as peach x almond or plum clones, have been introduced in Europe and little information on their resistance to soil sickness or replant problems has been available until now. A trial was carried out in the Pisa province to assess the behaviour of 9 different rootstocks planted one year after the uprooting of a 15-year-old peach orchard (cv. 'Stark Red Gold') grafted onto peach seedlings. Twenty-five one-year-old maiden trees of cv. 'Flavorcrest' (grafted onto GF 677, Cadaman-Avimag, Barrier 1, Sirio, Mr.S.2/5, Ishtara-Ferciana, Julior-Ferdor, Adesoto and Penta) were planted for each rootstock, in the same position as the previous rows, in January 1998 at 4.5 x 2.0 m spacing and trained to the free spindle ('fusetto') system: Measurements of the vegetative activity, yield and phenology of each tree were recorded yearly. Preliminary results showed that the mortality rate was poor in each of the rootstocks tested but induced vigour appeared to be strongly affected by rootstock and replant soil. GF 677 was the most vigorous rootstock, followed by Barrier 1 and Cadaman clones; all of the plum clones induced less vigour than peach x almond clones; Sirio showed the lowest vigour (60% less than GF 677) and a very high variability in tree size. The yield in the third year (2001) was highest in Cadaman, GF 677 and Barrier I clones (15.9, 14.3 and 11.3 kg/tree, respectively), which also gave a good fruit size (> 160 g). Among the plum hybrid clones, Ishtara and Adesoto appeared very interesting because of their good productivity and fruit size, even if to a lesser extent than the peach x almond hybrids. Julior and Sirio showed the poorest fruit size (149 and 137 g, respectively) and yield per tree
The high density peach planting system: present status and perspectives
No full textThe results achieved with high density planting (HDP) for apple orchards have led to a decisive thrust towards this approach in peach orchards. In order to evaluate the potential offered by application of HDP in this species, it is necessary to take into account both the means currently available for tree size control, which regulate canopy light interception and distribution, and also the training system most suitable to obtain high yield and good fruit quality. The main tools for tree size control are discussed: rootstocks, summer pruning, deficit irrigation, genetic modification of peach tree growth habit, root restriction, growth regulators. Furthermore, a survey conducted in the main peach-growing countries of the world, to investigate the extent of utilization and the main aspects characterizing peach and nectarine HDP orchards, is summarized. The most important training systems for HDP are then briefly described (free and sprint palmette, fusetto, delayed vasette, Tatura trellis and related training systems) jointly with their interaction with soil fertility. In medium or low fertile soil the fusetto presents uniform distribution of leaf area, early entry into production, good light penetration and good fruit quality; fusetto allows maximum planting density of 1200-1500 trees ha. In contrast, on extremely fertile soil it is necessary to adopt training systems that allow the canopy to develop as a single or double wall of limited thickness. The first alternative (palmette) allows maximum planting densities of 700-900 trees/ha. For orchards with planting densities greater than 1000-1500 trees/ha, the Tatura trellis and its variants (KAC V, perpendicular V) appear the most appropriate. Overall, the right choice of training system and orchard density will have to be made on the basis of careful economic analysis, taking into account the greater costs involved for the establishment and often also for the management of HDP
Castore e Polluce: due nuovi ibridi portinnesti per il pesco e le nettarine
No full text‘I.S.’ is a series of peach x almond clones, selected by the DCDSL “G. Scaramuzzi” of the University of Pisa, differentiated from GF 677 above all by the different degree of induced vigour. ‘Castore’ and ‘Polluce’ represent two of the most promising clones of the ‘I.S.’ series.
‘Castore’, selected as I.S.5/19, gives satisfactory results by in vitro propagation. It prefers fertile and permeable soils, whereas it is unsuitable for clay and waterlogged soils. The induced vigour (about 30% lower than GF 677) allows good growth control. Production, yield efficiency, fruit quality are also very good. Moreover, this stock adapts to poor soil where it shows good growth and yield efficiency similar to GF 677. ‘Castore’ showed a resistance to calcareous soil slightly lower than GF 677.
‘Polluce’, selected as I.S.5/8, is similar to ‘Castore’ for proliferation and rooting results by in vitro propagation. Like other peach x almond hybrids it is not suitable for wet, clay and poor drained soils, while it adapts to permeable soils, with medium or high fertility and medium-high lime content. It induces about 20% lower vigour than GF 677, and is associated with good production and high yield efficiency as well as good fruit characteristics. Overall, it becomes possible to achieve a more satisfactory and earlier vegetative balance of trees than is the case of GF 677, and show good productivity, greater yield efficiency and better fruit quality.
These stocks could represent a valid alternative to GF 677 especially in high (‘Castore’) and medium-high (‘Polluce’) fertile soils, where they could allow narrow spacing in orchards and would facilitate pruning operations. In addition these clones showed a resistance to calcareous soil slightly lower than GF677. In poor soils they induce a different reduction of growth but still achieve good production
Sirio: new peach x almond hybrid rootstock for peach
No full textThe clonal rootstock 'Sirio', previously known as 'I.S.5/22', was selected within the breeding programme for peach rootstock conducted at the Dipartimento di Coltivazione e Difesa delle Specie Legnose, University of Pisa. 'Sirio' was originated by open pollination of 'G.F.557' peach x almond rootstock. Other 'I.S.' clones were selected from the same seedlings based on the degre of induced vigour to the scion. 'Sirio' showed a good response to in vitro propagation, but also a poor rooting ability to propagation by cutting, stoolbed and trench layering. 'Sirio' was one of the weakest stocks within the 'I.S.' series, as it induced a 40% reduction in tree vigour when compared with 'G.F.677'. 'Sirio' was endowed with a good root system, and it adapted to fertile and permeable soils, allowing good control over vegetative growth and resulting in well balanced trees. It also showed resistance to chlorosis only slightly lower than that of 'G.F.677'. Trees grafted on 'Sirio' showed an early onset in production, higher yield efficiency, larger fruit size and better fruit skin colour than trees grafted on 'G.F.677'. On account of the low induced vigour in the grafted cultivar and its resistance to limestone, 'Sirio' was judged to be suitable for high density planting systems even in fertile and calcareous soils, which are usually unsuitable for 'G.F.677' because of the high vigour induced. The response of 'Sirio' to replanting situations is still unknown and specific trials are currently under way to assess this aspect. 'Sirio' has been patented by Azienda Agricola Angelo Errani (Brevetto vegetale n° 032 NV/94). An extension of this patent has been requested for France and Spain
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