100,850 research outputs found
Monadology and Sociology
No full textGabriel Tarde’s Monadology and Sociology, originally published in 1893, is a remarkable and unclassifiable book. It sets out a theory of 'universal sociology', which aims to explicate the essentially social nature of all phenomena, including the behaviour of atoms, stars, chemical substances and living beings. He argues that all of nature consists of elements animated by belief and desire, which form social aggregates analogous to those of human societies and institutions. In developing this central insight, Tarde outlines a metaphysical system which builds on both classical rationalist philosophy and the latest scientific theories of the time, in a speculative synthesis of extraordinary range and power.
Tarde’s work has only recently returned to prominence after a long eclipse. His work was an important influence on later theorists including Deleuze and Latour, and has been widely discussed in the social sciences, but has rarely been a focus of philosophical interest. The translator’s afterword provides an explication of the key ideas in the text and situates Tarde’s theory within the context of the philosophical tradition, arguing for the importance of the text as a highly original work of systematic ontology, and for its importance for contemporary theoretical debates.
About the Author
Gabriel Tarde (1843-1904) was a French sociologist, criminologist and social theorist. He originally trained in law and worked as a judge. Subsequently he was director of criminal statistics at the French Ministry of Justice, and then held the chair in modern philosophy at the Collège de France. His works cover a wide range of interests; he is best known for his theories of imitation and his work on crowd psychology, and for his debates on sociological theory with Émile Durkheim.
Theo Lorenc is Research Fellow at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Cheimas opalinus subsp. dominici Pyrcz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Boyer & Zubek 2018, n. ssp.
No full text<i>Cheimas opalinus dominici</i> Pyrcz & Boyer, n. ssp. <p>(Figs. 5C–F, 6C–F, 9E–F, 11C)</p> <p> <b>Type locality:</b> El Baho, Valle de Santo Domingo, Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela</p> <p> <b>Material examined:</b> HOLOTYPE ♂: VENEZUELA, Cordillera de Mérida, Mérida State, El Baho (transect)</p> <p> via El Páramo, 2900 m, 24.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg., CEP-MZUJ (to be deposited in MIZA); PARATYPES: VENEZUELA, Cordillera de Mérida, Mérida State: 14 ♂: Pueblo Llano, Cańotal, 2750–2800 m, 29.XII.2004, M. Costa leg., 1 prep. genit. 402/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc, 2 prep. genit. 406/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc; 6 ♂: Pueblo Llano—Tuñame, Qda. Ranchería, 2900–2950 m, 27.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg.; 1 ♂: El Baho (transect) via El Páramo, 2900 m, 22.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg.; 4 ♂: El Baho (transect) via El Páramo, 2900 –2950 m, 26.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg.; 1 ♂: El Baho (transect) via El Páramo, 2700 m, 26.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg.; 3 ♂: El Baho (transect) via El Páramo, 2900 –2950 m, 21.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 389/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc; 2 ♂: El Baho (transect) via El Páramo, 2900 m, 21.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg.; 2 ♂: El Baho (transect) via El Páramo, 2850 m, 21.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg.; 1 ♂: El Baho (transect) via El Páramo, 3100 m, 24.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg.; 1 ♂: El Baho (transect) via El Páramo, 2900 –2950 m, 14.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg.; 1 ♂: El Baho (transect) via El Páramo, 2800 m, 22.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 401/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc; 1 ♂: El Baho—El Hatico, La Ciénaga, 2900–2950 m, 21.X.2005, T. Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 399/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc; 1 ♂: no data; 10 ♂: Mucubají—Santo Domingo, Los Frailes, 3000–3050 m, 08.VII.2006, T. Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 400/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc; Barinas State: 5 ♂: P. N. Sierra Nevada, Los Morritos, 3000–3050 m, 06.I.2006, M. Costa leg.; 1 ♂: P. N. Sierra Nevada, Los Morritos, 3100–3250 m, 11.II.2010, T. Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 385/ 30.05.2016 J. Lorenc; 9 ♂: Trujillo State, vía Páramo Ortíz, Qda. Ortíz, 2900 –2950 m, 05.II.2008, T. Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 398/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc; 1 ♀: El Baho, El Hatico, 3300–3350 m, 24.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg.; 1 ♀: El Baho, El Hatico, 2900–2950 m, 14.II.2007, T. Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 485/ 17.11.2016 J. Lorenc; 1 ♀: El Baho, P. N. Sierra Nevada, 3000–3050 m, 28.I.2008, T. Pyrcz leg., <b>CEP- MZUJ</b>; 2 ♂: El Baho, La Ciénaga, 2900 m, 21.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg., 2016-221, kölcsön anyag 2007. IX.26; 1 ♂: El Baho, La Ciénaga, 2900 m, 26.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg., 2016-221, kölcsön anyag 2007. IX.26, 1 ♂: El Baho, vęa El Páramo, 2800 –2850 m, 22.XI.2005, T. Pyrcz leg., 2016-221, kölcsön anyag 2007. IX.26; 1 ♂: Mucubají-Santo Domingo, Los Frailes, 3000–3050 m, 08.VI.2006, T. Pyrcz leg., kölcsön anyag 2007. IX.26, 1 ♂: El Baho, Sto Domingo-Apartaderos, 2850–3100 m, 21.XI.2005, Zs. Bálint & B. Benedek leg., No,. 2 Biophot expedition, <b>HMNH</b>; 3 ♂: El Baho, Sto Domingo vers Apartaderos km 4, 3050 m, 21.XI.2005, P. Boyer leg.; 1 ♂: El Baho, Sto Domingo vers Apartaderos km 4, 2950 m, 22.XI.2005, P. Boyer leg.; 1 ♂ and 3 ♀: El Baho, Sto Domingo vers Apartaderos km4, 2850/ 3100 m, 21.XI.2005, P. Boyer leg.; 2 ♂: El Baho, Sto Domingo vers Apartaderos km4, 2800/ 3000 m, 28.I.2008, P. Boyer leg.; 4 ♂ and 1 ♀: Pueblo Llano vers Niquitao, Ranchería, 2700 m, 27.XI.2005, P. Boyer leg.; 1 ♂: Pueblo Llano vers Niquitao, 2.5km après Ranchería, 2850 m, 25.XI.2005, P. Boyer leg.; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀: Pueblo Llano vers Niquitao, 2.5km après Ranchería, 2850 m, 27.XI.2005, P. Boyer leg.; <b>PBF</b>; 1 ♂: Mérida, Los Frailes, 25.II.2010, H. Warren-Gash leg., <b>HWG</b>.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> In both sexes the HWD patch does not enter discal cell in most examined individuals or enters it only marginally, but it extends further towards the HW base than in the nominotypical or <i>C. opalinus iosephi</i> n. ssp., which makes it look triangular rather than rounded or oval. Female’s ductus bursae (Fig. 11C) is longer and slightly wider than in <i>C. opalinus rosalinus</i> n. ssp. but narrower than in the nominate subspecies, similar to <i>C. opalinus iosephi</i> n. ssp (Fig. 11B).</p> <p>FWL: 27.5– 32 mm, mean: 29.7 mm (n=54).</p> <p>D colour: coffee brown</p> <p>HWP colour: metallic greenish blue</p> <p>HWP shape: oval and always elongated along anal margin, not entering or entering marginally the discal cell, usually as a few scales, entering basal part of cell M3–CuA1 but never M2–M3</p> <p> <b>Individual variation.</b> Considerable, evident mostly in the varying size of the HWP, which is however not related to any particular population.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This subspecies epithet is derived from its type locality the valley of Santo Domingo, in Latin— <i>Sanctus Dominicus</i>.</p> <p> <b>Geographic range.</b> Both, northern and southern slopes of the valley of Santo Domingo, and the valley of Pueblo Llano.</p> <p> <b>Altitudinal range.</b> 2750–3350 m a.s.l.</p> <p> A. <i>Cheimas opalinus iosephi</i> male, PARATYPE, Páramo de San José</p> <p> B. <i>Cheimas opalinus iosephi</i> female, PARATYPE, Páramo de San José</p> <p> C. <i>Cheimas opalinus dominici</i> male, PARATYPE, Los Frailes</p> <p> D. <i>Cheimas opalinus dominici</i> female, PARATYPE, El Baho</p> <p> E. <i>Cheimas opalinus dominici</i> male, PARATYPE, Qda. Ranchería</p> <p> F. <i>Cheimas opalinus dominici</i> female, PARATYPE, El Baho</p> <p> A. <i>Cheimas opalinus iosephi</i> male, PARATYPE, Páramo de San José</p> <p> B. <i>Cheimas opalinus iosephi</i> female, PARATYPE, Páramo de San José</p> <p> C. <i>Cheimas opalinus dominici</i> male, PARATYPE, Los Frailes</p> <p> D. <i>Cheimas opalinus dominici</i> female, PARATYPE, El Baho</p> <p> E. <i>Cheimas opalinus dominici</i> male, PARATYPE, Qda. Ranchería</p> <p> F. <i>Cheimas opalinus dominici</i> female, PARATYPE, El Baho</p>Published as part of <i>Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga, Boyer, Pierre & Zubek, Anna, 2018, Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme - an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), pp. 219-243 in Zootaxa 4422 (2)</i> on pages 229-232, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.2.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1251513">http://zenodo.org/record/1251513</a>
Cheimas opalinus subsp. cristalinus Pyrcz & Lorenc-Brudecka & Boyer & Zubek 2018, n. ssp.
No full textCheimas opalinus cristalinus Pyrcz & Boyer, n. ssp. (Figs. 7A–F, 8A–F, 10A–D, 11D–E) Type locality: Pico Tonojo sector, Km 27 Boconó—Trujillo old road, Trujillo State, Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela. Material examined: HOLOTYPE ♂: VENEZUELA, Cordillera de Mérida, Trujillo State, Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2400–2450 m, 25.II.2010, T. Pyrcz leg., CEP-MZUJ (to be deposited in MIZA); PARATYPES: VENEZUELA, Cordillera de Mérida, Trujillo State: 2 ♂: P. N. Guaramacal, via La Vega de Guaramacal, 2800–2850 m, 22.XII.2004, M. Costa leg.; 2 ♂: P. N. Guaramacal, Qda. El Caote, 2700–2750 m, 16.II.2007, T. Pyrcz leg.; 4 ♂: P. N. Guaramacal, Qda. El Caote, 2700–2750 m, 26.II.2009, T. Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 387/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc; 3 ♂: P. N. Guaramacal, Qda. El Caote, 2700–2750 m, 15.II.2007, T. Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 408/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc; 1 ♂: P. N. Guaramacal, Qda. El Caote, 2550–2600 m, 08.XII.2005, T. Pyrcz leg.; 14 ♂: Boconó—Burbusay, Cambimbú de San Miguel, 2900–2950 m, 19.II.2007, T. Pyrcz leg.; 2 ♂: P. N. Dinira, Páramo Cendé, 3000–3050 m, 13.II.2010, T. Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 395/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc; 2 ♂: P. N. Dinira, Páramo de Las Rosas, 3100–3150 m, 07.II.2010, T. Pyrcz leg.; 1 ♂: P. N. Dinira, Agua de Obispo, 2600– 2550 m, 14.VIII.2003, T. Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 04/ 05.01.2005 T. Pyrcz; 18 ♂: Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2400–2450 m, 25.II.2010, T. Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 387/ 30.05.2016 J. Lorenc; 9 ♂: Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2300–2350 m, 28.VII.2009, T. Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 407/ 21.06.2016 J. Lorenc, 1 wing prep.; 16 ♂: Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2450– 2500 m, 18.IV.2006, T. Pyrcz leg.; 13 ♂: Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2450– 2500 m, 17.IV.2006, T. Pyrcz leg.; 1 ♂: Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2450– 2500 m, 19.IV.2006, T. Pyrcz leg.; 1 ♂: Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2450– 2500 m, 16.IV.2006, T. Pyrcz leg.; 5 ♂: Trujillo, Pico Tonojo, 2500 m, 28.III.2011, T. Pyrcz leg.; 6 ♀: Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2400–2450 m, 25.II.2010, T. Pyrcz leg., 1 prep. genit. 486/ 17.11.2016 J. Lorenc; 2 ♀: Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2400–2450 m, 18.IV.2006, T. Pyrcz leg.; 1 ♀: Trujillo—Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, Km 27, 2300–2350 m, 28.VII.2009, T. Pyrcz leg.; 1 ♀: P. N. Guaramacal, Qda. El Caote, 2700–2750 m, 16.II.2007, T. Pyrcz leg., prep. genit. 488/ 22.11.2016 J. Lorenc; 1 ♀: P. N. Guaramacal, Qda. El Caote, 2700–2750 m, 15.II.2007, T. Pyrcz leg.; 1 ♀: P. N. Guaramacal, Qda. El Caote, 2600–2650 m, 26.II.2009, T. Pyrcz leg.; 1 ♀: P. N. Dinira, Páramo Cendé, 3000–3050 m, 13.II.2010, T. Pyrcz leg., CEP-MZUJ; 1 ♂: Guaramacal, Qda. El Caote, 2700–2750 m, 15.II.2007, T. Pyrcz leg., 2016 -221, köcsön anyag 2007. IX.29, HMNH; 2 ♂: Páramo de Ortíz, 2900 m, 5.II.2008, P. Boyer leg.; 2 ♂: Boconó vers Guaramacal, quebrada el Caote, 2650 m, 8.XII.2005, P. Boyer leg.; 5 ♂: massif du Guaramacal, quebrada el Caote, 2600 m, 8.XII.2005, P. Boyer leg.; 30 ♂ and 2 ♀: carretera vieja a Trujillo km8, “ El Rucio ”, pie del Pico Tonojo (30km sud de Boconó), 2500 m, 16.IV.2006, P. Boyer leg.; 1 ♀: via antigua de Boconó a Trujillo km8, 2400 m, 28.VII.2009, P. Boyer leg., PBF; 5 ♂ and 1 ♀: Trujillo, Trujillo-Boconó old road, Sector Pico Tonojo, 2400–2500 m, 24.II.2010, H. Warren-Gash leg., HWG. Diagnosis. Both sexes of this subspecies are characterized by a regular, rounded HW patch always entering discal cell, in this respect similar to the nominotypical, but considerably smaller. Female’s ductus bursae (Fig. 11D–E) is narrow and longer than in other subspecies except the nominate. FWL: 26–30.5 mm, mean: 27.6 mm (n=95). D colour: blackish brown, uniform. HWP colour: metallic bluish, usually with a greenish sheen HWP shape: oval or rounded, small, but always entering discal cell, covering one–third or one–fourth marginally, but not reaching as far basally or distally as in other subspecies, extending distally considerably along vein CuA1, in some individuals distal edge slightly undulated. Individual variation. Individuals from Guaramacal are consistently larger than in other populations. Also, in Cendé and Guaramacal the patch has usually a more bluish, whereas in the Pico Tonojo specimens a greenish sheen. Etymology. The epithet of subspecies is derived from the Páramo La Cristalina, a mountain situated just south from its type locality. A. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus male, PARATYPE, Pico Tonojo B. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus female, PARATYPE, Pico Tonojo C. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus male, PARATYPE, Guaramacal D. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus female, PARATYPE, Guaramacal E. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus male, PARATYPE, Páramo de Las Rosas F. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus female, PARATYPE, Páramo de Las Rosas A. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus male, PARATYPE, Pico Tonojo B. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus female, PARATYPE, Pico Tonojo C. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus male, PARATYPE, Páramo de Guaramacal D. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus female, PARATYPE, Páramo de Guaramacal E. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus male, PARATYPE, Páramo de Las Rosas F. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus female, PARATYPE, Páramo de Las Rosas B. Cheimas opalinus opalinus, Qda. La Boba (prep. genit. 403/ 21.08.2016) C. Cheimas opalinus iosephi, Páramo de San José (prep. genit. 405/ 21.06.2016) D. Cheimas opalinus iosephi, Mesa Alta (prep. genit. 564/ 12.07.2017) E. Cheimas opalinus dominici, La Ciénaga (prep. genit. 399/ 21.06.2016) F. Cheimas opalinus dominici, Los Morritos (prep. genit. 385/ 30.05.2016) B. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus, Guaramacal (prep. genit. 408/ 21.06.2016) C. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus, Páramo de Ortíz (prep. genit. 398/ 21.06.2016) D. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus, Pico Tonojo (prep. genit. 486/ 17.11.2016) E. Cheimas opalinus rosalinus, El Rosal (prep. 388/ 30.05.2016) F. Cheimas opalinus iosephi x Ch. opalinus rosalinus, El Batallón (prep. genit. 386/ 30.05.2016) A. Cheimas opalinus opalinus, La Culata (prep. genit. 392/ 08.06.2016) B. Cheimas opalinus iosephi, Páramo de San José (prep. genit. 487/ 17.11.2016) C. Cheimas opalinus dominici, El Baho (prep. genit. 485/ 17.11.2016) D. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus, Pico Tonojo (prep. genit. 486/ 17.11.2016) E. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus, Guaramacal (prep. genit. 488/ 22.11.2016) F. Cheimas opalinus rosalinus, El Rosal (prep. genit. 391/ 08.06.2016) Geographic range. Throughout northern Cordillera de Mérida, north of the Niquitao range, including the massifs of Guaramacal and Cendé. Altitudinal range. 2300–3150 m a.s.l.Published as part of Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga, Boyer, Pierre & Zubek, Anna, 2018, Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme - an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), pp. 219-243 in Zootaxa 4422 (2) on pages 233-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/125151
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Clinicoprognostical features of endometrial cancer patients with somatic mtDNA mutations
No full textSomatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations
have been found in a subset of endometrial cancers (EC) from
different populations. We have investigated the relationship
between mtDNA changes and clinical and pathological
variables of women affected by EC. mtDNA mutations were
detected both in early (3/32; 9%) and in advanced (1/8;
12%) stages of uterine tumors. However, patients carrying
the mtDNA mutations or the normal mtDNA sequence had
indistinguishable clinicopathological data, including age,
clinical stage, histological grade and type or depth of myometrial
invasion. It is noteworthy that mtDNA mutations
were not detected in hyperplastic endometrial tissues or in
ECs coexisting with hyperplasia, nor in a single case of
endometrial stromal sarcoma. LOH at the tumor suppressor
genes RB1 and TP53 as well as p16INK4A alterations (LOH,
gene deletion) were found in tumors carrying mtDNA
mutations. These results suggest that somatic mtDNA
mutations are detected in a subset of ECs, although they are
unrelated to clinicopathological variables of cancer
Negative stereotypes about the policymaking process hinder productive action toward evidence-based policy.
No full textA dearth of clear, relevant and reliable research evidence continue to block the use of research, according to a study of 145 research papers on evidence use. According to the authors of the review, Kathryn Oliver, Simon Innvær, Theo Lorenc, Jenny Woodman, and James Thomas difficulty finding and accessing this research is also a major problem
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
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