15 research outputs found
The Role of Simulation in a Staged Learning Model for Novice Driver Situational Awareness Training
No full textThis paper theorizes that an optimal strategy for training novice drivers to acquire situational awareness skills will rely on a hierarchical approach consistent with traditional models of cognitive development. The success of applying such models hinges upon information presentation techniques that can maximize depth of processing, and hence comprehension and retention, at a specific stage of learning. Our general discussion argues that the appropriate use of simulation is uniquely suited to meet this need
A Cognitive Engineering Approach to Improving Signalized Left Turn Intersections
No full text This research evaluated the effect of providing advanced left turn information to individuals faced with deciding whether or not it is safe to turn at a signalized intersection. Younger (mean age 37 years) and older (mean age 71 years) drivers were tested in simulations of approaching an intersection with and without advanced cueing. Experiment 1 used a featureless background; Experiment 2 used an animated presentation of traffic control displays. In both experiments the subjects had to determine whether or not they had right-of-way to make a left turn. Exaggerated error rates and increased decision latencies for displays conveying unprotected turn status occurred in both studies. Cueing drivers with advanced notice of the decision rule through a redundant upstream posting of sign elements improved both accuracy and latency of younger and older drivers′ decisions. </jats:p
Effects of Reduced Transmittance Film on Automobile Rear Window Visibility
No full text Deeply tinted window glass transmits less light than less deeply tinted glass and therefore reduces driver visibility. The task of looking through the rear window for hazards before backing a car was simulated in a laboratory setting with five targets (car, bicyclist, pedestrian, child, and debris) shown to drivers (ages 18-55, 56-75, and 76+) at various combinations of luminous transmittance of the windows and luminance (brightness) contrast of the targets. Analyses showed that the frequency of correct target detection varied by target. The car was always detected, but detection probability decreased with reduced luminous transmittance for the child and roadway debris targets. For the bicyclist, pedestrian, child, and debris targets, detection probability decreased with lower luminance contrast and for older age groups. The results suggest that the safety of backing maneuvers is compromised for all drivers at the darkest tinting levels studied. This is particularly true for elderly drivers for tinting levels darker than the 70% minimum luminous transmittance required by federal standards. </jats:p
Traffic Inj Prev
No full textObjectives:This study examined a multicommunity alternative transportation program available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, for any purpose, offering door-through-door service in private automobiles to members who either do not drive or are transitioning away from driving. Specific aims were to describe the characteristics of members by driving status and ride service usage of these members.Methods:Data came from administrative records maintained by a nonprofit ride service program and include 2,661 individuals aged 65+ residing in 14 states who joined the program between April 1,2010, and November 8,2013. Latent class analysis was used to group current drivers into 3 classes of driving status of low, medium, and high self-regulation, based on their self-reported avoidance of certain driving situations and weekly driving frequency. Demographics and ride service use rate for rides taken through March 31, 2014, by type of ride (e.g., medical, social, etc.) were calculated for nondrivers and drivers in each driving status class.Results:The majority of ride service users were female (77%) and aged 65\u201374 years (82%). The primary method of getting around when enrolling for the transportation service was by riding with a friend or family member (60%). Among the 67,883 rides given, nondrivers took the majority (69%) of rides. Medical rides were the most common, accounting for 40% of all rides.Conclusions:Reported ride usage suggests that older adults are willing to use such ride services fora variety of trips when these services are not limited to specific types (e.g., medical). Further research can help tailor strategies to encourage both nondrivers and drivers to make better use of alternative transportation that meets the special needs of older people.CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United State
Research on Older Adults\u2019 Mobility: 2022 Meeting Summary Report
No full textDTNH2216D00016, 693JJ920F000193Following a similar meeting held in 2021, TransAnalytics held a meeting to spotlight research on older adults\u2019 mobility virtually, due to Covid-19 restrictions, on January 9, 2022. The meeting date coincided with the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting. Under NHTSA sponsorship, this meeting \u2013 referred to as \u201cROAM\u201d for Research on Older Adult Mobility\u2013 provided a multi-disciplinary forum to share news of completed research, report on the progress of ongoing studies, and highlight priorities for future work. Some 50 meeting participants included physicians and other medical professionals, occupational therapists and certified driver rehabilitation specialists, State Department of Motor Vehicles officials, mobility service providers, public health practitioners, automated vehicle and Advanced Driver Assistance System experts, and other academic and private sector research professionals. ROAM 2022 included a general session and six breakout sessions devoted to the role of the occupational therapist in older driver safety, safety implications of limited-term license renewal policies, advanced vehicle technologies, perceptions of older road users on automated shuttles and shared automated vehicles, and transportation options for rural and small communities. Meeting participants expressed satisfaction that the ROAM meeting agenda was complementary to TRB offerings and appreciation for the virtual format
Updated Literature Review of the Effects of Medical Conditions on Driving
No full textDTNH2216D00016/ 693JJ919F000060This effort presents updated research findings describing the effect of medical conditions on driving performance and safety. Researchers conducted a preliminary literature search and discussion with driving safety professionals providing information that was used to select the medical conditions for review: attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD); autism spectrum disorder (ASD); cardiovascular disease (CVD); diabetes; mild cognitive impairment (MCI); obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); peripheral neuropathy; stroke; syncope; traumatic brain injury (TBI)/concussion. The final literature search included peer-reviewed journals, and technical and government reports published from 2012 to 2020. The results suggested that while some conditions may have a negative effect on driving performance and safety (e.g., ADHD and TBI), others typically have little effect (e.g., CVD and stroke) or were characterized by less conclusive findings (e.g., ASD, diabetes, MCI, and OSA). An improved understanding of the potential effects of medical conditions on driving may be useful for physicians and other healthcare providers, licensing agencies, and traffic safety researchers
Research on Older Adults\u2019 Mobility: 2021 Summary Report
No full textDTNH2216D00016/693JJ920F000193A meeting to spotlight research on older adults\u2019 mobility \u2013 dubbed ROAM \u2013 was held virtually due to COVID-19 on January 11, 2021. Under NHTSA sponsorship, this meeting provided a multi-disciplinary forum oriented toward interested parties sharing news of completed research, reporting on the progress of ongoing studies, and highlighting priorities for future work. The meeting of about 70 participants included physicians and other medical professionals, occupational therapists and certified driver rehabilitation specialists, State DMV officials, mobility service provider specialists, public health practitioners, automated driving system /advanced driver assistance system experts, and other academic and private sector research professionals. ROAM 2021 included a general session and three breakout sessions devoted to medical fitness-to-drive and licensing policy, driving automation and older adults, and transportation alternatives. The meeting supported equity in traffic safety as it addressed disparities faced by older adults
Research on Older Adults\u2019 Mobility: 2023 Meeting Summary Report
No full textDTNH2216D00016/693JJ920F000193On January 8, 2023, a hybrid meeting to spotlight research on older adults\u2019 mobility (ROAM) was held both virtually via Zoom and in-person in Washington, DC. The meeting date was timed to coincide with the Transportation Research Board\u2019s annual meeting. Under NHTSA sponsorship, this ROAM meeting provided a multi-disciplinary forum where interested parties could share information of completed research, report the progress of ongoing studies, and highlight priorities for future work. Participants included physicians and other medical professionals, occupational therapists and certified driver rehabilitation specialists, State Department of Motor Vehicle officials, mobility service providers, public health practitioners, experts on automated vehicle/advanced driver assistance systems, and other academic and private sector research professionals. ROAM 2023 included a general session and seven breakout sessions devoted to topics related to older adults\u2019 mobility, including the safety implications of limited-term license renewal policies, transportation options for rural and small communities, crashes involving older pedestrians, taxonomy and terms for stakeholders, promoting older driver safety to various State agencies and providers, a national volunteer driver center, safety implications of older drivers\u2019 vehicle choices, and the CarFit educational program. Participants expressed satisfaction that the ROAM meeting agenda was complementary to TRB offerings and appreciation for the opportunity to continue to gather and share information
Ordovician acritarch genera Peteinosphaeridium, Liliosphaeridium, and Cycloposphaeridium: morphology, taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and palaeogeographic significance
No full textLower to middle Ordovician marine strata of Oland, Sweden, contain abundant acritarch palynofloras especially notable for their diversity and excellent preservation. Quantitatively and qualitatively significant components include representatives of the peteinoid genera Peteinosphaeridium Staplin, Jansonius & Pocock, 1965, Liliosphaeridium Uutela & Tynni, 1991, and Cycloposphaeridium Uutela & Tynni, 1991. Process morphology - pivotal to peteinoid taxonomy at genus and special levels - is analyzed in detail. It provides the main basis for taxonomic revisions and innovations. A comprehensive and critical literature survey reveals that certain species previously attributed to Peteinosphaeridium are not, or may not be, so assignable. The geographic and stratigraphic distributions of all species judged to be authentic or likely representatives of the three genera are documented. -from Author
