16 research outputs found
FIGURE 4 in Flora of the Serra do Cachimbo (Eastern Amazon, Brazil): Bambusoideae (Poaceae), including the description of two new species
No full textFIGURE 4. Field photographs of Arthrostylidium cachimboense: A. Habit. B. Culm interior with several septa. C–E. Branch complement. F–G. Culm leaves. H. Foliage leaf complement. I–J. Detail of the fimbriate auricles of the foliage leaves. Photos: A.S.B.Gil (A) and P.L.Viana (B–J).Published as part of Lopes-Neto, Raimundo Balieiro & Viana, Pedro Lage, 2022, Flora of the Serra do Cachimbo (Eastern Amazon, Brazil): Bambusoideae (Poaceae), including the description of two new species, pp. 99-129 in Phytotaxa 550 (2) on page 108, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/664108
Arthrostylidium cachimboense Lopes-Neto & P. L. Viana 2022, sp. nov.
No full textArthrostylidium cachimboense Lopes-Neto & P.L.Viana, sp. nov. Figs 3–4. Type:— BRAZIL. Pará: Altamira, Reserva Biológica Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo, Ramal principal da REBIONSC, mata ciliar, 589 m, 9°04’26.6”S, 54°45’18.3”W, 25 May 2021, Lopes-Neto et al. 682 (holotype MG!, isotypes INPA!, RB!). Diagnosis: — Arthrostylidium cachimboense is morphologically similar to Arthrostylidium auriculatum Londoño & Clark (1998: 410) in having true auricles on the foliage leaves, but differs in its fistulose culms, with several membranous delicate septa in the lumen (vs. without septa in the lumen), foliage leaf auricles 1–2 mm long, blackish (vs. 1.5–2.5 cm long, purplish brown), fimbriae 9–11 mm long, copperish (vs. 5–8 mm long, purplish to brown), and blades 25–26 × 4.2–4.8 cm, broad-lanceolate and abaxially short-pilose (vs. 5–16 × 1.2–2.5 cm, lanceolate to linearlanceolate and abaxially tomentose). Rhizomes pachymorph, necks 2–4.5 cm long. Culms 5–6 m long, 4–6 mm in diameter, erect at the base, leaning on the vegetation in the upper portion, internodes 42–49 cm long, fistulose with several membranous delicate septa in the lumen, smooth, glabrous; buds subequal, triangular, prophyll unitary, 3–7 × 2.1–2.8 mm, sparsely pilose, margins ciliate; nodes black, glabrous, nodal line horizontal, with a corky flange ca. 1 mm long and blackish usually present at the culm leaf insertion, supranodal ridge slightly conspicuous. Branch complement with principal branch 42–60 cm long, ca. 3 mm in diameter, secondary branches smaller, 22–28 cm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter. Culm leaves persistent or tardily caducous; sheaths 8.9–10 × 1.3–1.5 cm, confluent and shorter than the blade, light green with dark green spots, stramineous in siccus on both surfaces or sometimes pinkish on the abaxial surface, glabrous, lateral margins shortly pilose on both sides, trichomes black, margins scabridulous, summit slightly asymmetrical on opposite side of the auricle; auricle present on one side, alternating along the culm, 1.8–2.2 mm long, tongue-shaped; fimbriae ca. 2–2.5 mm long, sinuous, stramineous; inner ligules ca. 1 mm long, symmetrical, membranous-ciliate; blades 21–24.2 × 1.5–2 cm, lanceolate, stramineous on both surfaces or sometimes pinkish on the abaxial surface, occasionally with black spots toward the apex on the adaxial surface, sparsely scabridulous with yellowish trichomes, margins glabrous, apex acuminate. Foliage leaves (4-)7–9 per complement; sheaths 4–4.5 × 1 cm, light green with dark green spots, glabrous, margins glabrous except in one upper margin ciliate; auricles present, equal on both sides, 1–2 mm long; fimbriae 9–11 mm long, straight at the base and sinuous toward the apex, copperish, shiny; inner ligules ca. 0.2 mm, symmetrical, membranous-ciliate; outer ligules ca. 0.2 mm, symmetrical, membranous; pseudopetioles ca. 4 mm, flat, glabrous; blades 25–26 × 4.2–4.8 cm, LW: 5–5.4, broad-lanceolate, green, glabrous on the adaxial surface and shortly pilose with whitish trichomes in the abaxial surface, 47–49-nerved, midnerve central, base obtuse, asymmetrical, margins glabrous to scabridulous toward the apex, apex acuminate. Synflorescence not seen. Distribution and habitat: —This species was only collected in one locality, in a riparian open ombrophilous forest (mata ciliar) fragment at the headwaters of the Curuá River in REBIONSC, Altamira, Pará. Conservation status: —According to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (2019), the new species should be considered as Data Deficient (DD) status, because it is only known from its type specimen. However, it was collected in a forest fragment near the main road of REBIONSC, a region threatened by agricultural activities. New expeditions are needed to increase the knowledge on its distribution and the conservation status assessment. Etymology: —The epithet refers the type-locality, in the Serra do Cachimbo. Comments: — Arthrostylidium cachimboense is recognized by its fistulose culms, with several membranous delicate septa in the lumen, the culm leaf sheath summit slightly asymmetrical on the side opposite of the auricle, an auricle present on one side, alternating along the culm, 1.8–2.2 mm long, tongue-shaped and fimbriae ca. 2–2.5 mm long, sinuous, stramineous, blades 25–26 × 4.2–4.8 cm, lanceolate with apex acuminate and foliage leaves bearing auricles 1–2 mm long, blackish, fimbriae 9–11 mm long, copperish and blades 25–26 × 4.4–4.8 cm, broad-lanceolate, abaxially short-pilose. The new species and Arthrostylidium auriculatum are the only ones in the genus with auricles on the foliage leaves. The latter is only known from the type-locality in municipality of Amalfi, at the northern extreme of Central Cordillera of Colombia and can be distinguished from A. cachimboense mainly by characters of the culm interior and foliage leaves, including the color of the auricles and fimbriae, blades size and abaxial indumentum (Table 1). The new Serra do Cachimbo species also differs from its Amazonian Brazilian congeners by the nodal line bearing a horizontal corky flange ca. 1 mm long (vs. a downward shield-like corky flange in Arthrostylidium scandens McClure in Maguire & Wurdack 1964: 4); nodal fimbriae absent (vs. a uniform band of abundant whitish-yellow cilia up to 5 mm long in A. fimbrinodum Judziewicz & Clark 1993: 84); culm leaf blades 21–24.2 cm long, lanceolate and apex acuminate (vs. 2.5–2.8 cm long, triangular lanceolate and apex setose in A. simpliciusculum) and foliage leaf sheath extension absent, inner ligule ca. 1 mm long, auricle symmetrical and fimbriate (vs. sheath extension up to 5 mm long on one side, inner ligule elongate on opposite side of the sheath extension, 6–10 mm long and auricle and fimbriae absent in A. grandifolium Judziewicz & Clark 1993: 88). The latter has, along with A. cachimboense and A. chiribiquetensis Londoño & Clark (1998: 412) (known from the Serranía de Chiribiquete, department of Caquetá, Southeastern Colombia), the largest foliage leaf blades known for the genus so far, but A. chiribiquetensis can be distinguished by the pithy, canaliculate culms, the basally inflated culm leaf blades and foliage leaf blades tessellate, bearing reddish fimbriae.Published as part of Lopes-Neto, Raimundo Balieiro & Viana, Pedro Lage, 2022, Flora of the Serra do Cachimbo (Eastern Amazon, Brazil): Bambusoideae (Poaceae), including the description of two new species, pp. 99-129 in Phytotaxa 550 (2) on pages 104-106, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/664108
Eremocaulon Soderstrom & Londono 1987
No full textEremocaulon Soderstrom & Londoño (1987: 37). TYPE:— Eremocaulon aureofimbriatum Soderstrom & Londoño (1987: 37). Plants cespitose. Culms homomorphic, erect below, arching and clambering above, often supported by trees, 2.5–20 m tall, infra- and supranodal bands of trichomes usually absent [present in E. capitatum (Trinius 1835: 626) Londoño in Londoño & Clark (2002: 714)]. Branch complement with one dominant and smaller secondary branches, without thorns. Culm leaves and foliage leaves clearly distinct. Culm leaves not clearly differentiated along the culm, with reflexed blades, narrower than the sheath summit, sheath fimbriae present. Foliage leaf sheaths with fimbriae at the apex or not, translucent swelling absent, outer ligule present, blades narrowly triangular, ovate-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, midnerve prominent. Synflorescences terminal to leafy, indeterminate, 1–15 pseudospikelets per coflorescence, coflorescences either with one to few pseudospikelets and open or with several to many pseudospikelets and congested to capitate, each coflorescence and paraclade or pseudospikelet with one subtending bract; pseudospikelets sessile, bisexual, glumes absent, comprising 1 prophyll, 0–4 gemmiparous bracts, with 1–17 fertile anthecium, smooth, and with 1–4 terminal rudimentary anthecium. Fruit a basic caryopsis, hilum linear, as long as the caryopsis. Eremocaulon is a woody bamboo genus endemic to Brazil (Londoño & Clark 2002, Kellogg 2015, Jesus-Costa et al. 2018). It is characterized by its branch complement with one dominant and smaller secondary branches, without thorns, infra- and supranodal bands of trichomes absent (present in E. capitatum), culm leaves with reflexed blades, narrower than the sheath, foliage leaves with midnerve prominent and synflorescences composed of pseudospikelets (Londoño & Clark 2002). The genus has five species in the Amazon, Cerrado and Mata Atlântica domains (Lopes-Neto et al. 2020). In the Serra do Cachimbo, the genus is represented by one species.Published as part of Lopes-Neto, Raimundo Balieiro & Viana, Pedro Lage, 2022, Flora of the Serra do Cachimbo (Eastern Amazon, Brazil): Bambusoideae (Poaceae), including the description of two new species, pp. 99-129 in Phytotaxa 550 (2) on page 107, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/664108
Guadua Kunth 1822
No full textGuadua Kunth (1822: 150). TYPE:— Guadua angustifolia Kunth (1822: 253). Plants cespitose. Culms homomorphic, arborescent to scandent, 3–30 m tall, infra- and supranodal bands of trichomes present. Branch complement with one dominant and several to many smaller secondary branches, with thorns. Culm leaves and foliage leaves clearly distinct. Culm leaves not clearly differentiated along the culm, with erect blades, confluent with the sheath summit, sheath fimbriae present, sometimes absent. Foliage leaf sheaths with fimbriae at the apex, translucent swelling absent, outer ligule present, blades elliptic, lanceolate, linear, oblong, ovate or triangular, midnerve prominent. Synflorescences terminal, indeterminate, with several pseudospikelets in sparsely or densely crowded aggregations; pseudospikelets sessile, bisexual, glumes 0 to several, comprising 1 subtending bract, 1 prophyll, 1–several gemmiparous bracts, with several fertile anthecium, smooth (as far as known), and one rudimentary anthecium. Fruit a basic caryopsis, rarely baccate. Guadua is a woody bamboo, mainly characterized by its branch complement with one dominant and several to many smaller secondary branches, with thorns, infra- and supranodal bands of trichomes present, culm leaves with erect blades, confluent with the sheath summit, foliage leaves with midnerve prominent and synflorescences composed of pseudospikelets (McClure 1973, Soderstrom & Londoño 1987). The genus has twenty-six species in Central and South America (Kellogg 2015). In Brazil, twenty-one species occur in Amazon, Cerrado, Mata Atlântica and Pampas (Shirasuna et al. 2020). In the Serra do Cachimbo, it is represented by one species.Published as part of Lopes-Neto, Raimundo Balieiro & Viana, Pedro Lage, 2022, Flora of the Serra do Cachimbo (Eastern Amazon, Brazil): Bambusoideae (Poaceae), including the description of two new species, pp. 99-129 in Phytotaxa 550 (2) on page 110, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/664108
Raddiella Swallen 1948
No full textRaddiella Swallen (1948: 89). TYPE:— Raddiella nana (Döll 1877: 329) Swallen (1948: 89). Plants delicate, tufted, forming low mats. Culms homomorphic, commonly decumbent, 1–40 cm tall, infra-and supranodal bands of trichomes absent, unbranched or branched, without thorns. Leaves not differentiated into culm leaves and foliage leaves. Leaf sheaths without fimbriae at the apex, translucent swelling absent, outer ligule absent, blades ovate-triangular or elliptical, midnerve not prominent. Synflorescences terminal and axillary, racemose, terminal synflorescence with male and female spikelets or more commonly strictly male, rarely female, axillary synflorescences barely exserted from the leaf sheaths; spikelets with filiform pedicels, solitary and unisexual, glumes 2 (female spikelets) or absent (male spikelets), anthecium smooth. Fruit a basic caryopsis, hilum punctiform or shortlinear, ca. ½ the length of caryopsis. Raddiella is an herbaceous bamboo with eight species in Central and South America (Kellogg 2015). It is mainly characterized by the decumbent culms, 6–40 cm tall, leaves ovate-triangular or elliptic and synflorescences racemose, terminal and axillary, with male and female spikelets usually arising from different synflorescences (Zuloaga & Judziewicz 1991). In Brazil, five species occur in the Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado and Mata Atlântica domains (Oliveira & Oliveira 2020). In the Serra do Cachimbo, it is represented by three species. Identification key to the species of Raddiella from the Serra do Cachimbo, Eastern Amazon, Brazil. 1. Leaf blades elliptical, symmetrical, base and apex acute, short-pilose on both surfaces or scabrous on the abaxial surface; female spikelets falling entire......................................................................................................................................... Raddiella malmeana - Leaf blades ovate-triangular, asymmetrical, base truncate, apex acute, apiculate or short-apiculate, glabrous or short-pilose near the base on the adaxial surface, to densely puberulent on both surfaces; female spikelets with persistent glumes..........................2 2. Culms 8–40 cm tall; blades 1.5–1.8 cm long; axillary synflorescences bearing male and female spikelets................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Raddiella esenbeckii - Culms 3–6 cm tall; blades 0.4–0.6 cm long; axillary synflorescences bearing only female spikelets.................... Raddiella minimaPublished as part of Lopes-Neto, Raimundo Balieiro & Viana, Pedro Lage, 2022, Flora of the Serra do Cachimbo (Eastern Amazon, Brazil): Bambusoideae (Poaceae), including the description of two new species, pp. 99-129 in Phytotaxa 550 (2) on page 122, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/664108
Arthrostylidium Ruprecht 1840
No full textArthrostylidium Ruprecht (1840: 117). TYPE:— Arthrostylidium cubense Ruprecht (1840: 118). Plants cespitose. Culms homomorphic, generally scandent or clambering, less commonly erect, 3–15 m tall, infra-and supranodal bands of trichomes absent. Branch complement consisting of 3-many branches borne on a promontory, without thorns. Culm leaves and foliage leaves clearly distinct. Culm leaves not clearly differentiated along the culm, with erect blades, confluent with the sheath, sheaths fimbriae present, sometimes absent. Foliage leaf sheaths with fimbriae at the apex, translucent swelling absent, outer ligule present, blades linear to lanceolate or less commonly elliptical, midnerve not prominent. Synflorescences terminal to leafy, determinate, a spicate raceme lacking bracts, rachis straight, flexuous or strongly zigzag; spikelets subsessile, bisexual, glumes 1–2, 1 to many-flowered, anthecium smooth (as far as known). Fruit a basic caryopsis, hilum long-linear. Arthrostylidium is a polyphyletic genus of woody bamboo with thirty-two species in Central and South America (Kellogg 2015, Tyrrell et al. 2018, Clark et al. 2020, Ruiz-Sanchez et al. 2021). It is distinguished by the branch complement on a promontory and culm leaves with erect blades (Judziewicz & Clark 1993). In Brazil, four species occur in the Amazon (Viana 2020). In the Serra do Cachimbo, it is represented by two species, of which one is a new taxon here described. Identification key to the species of Arthrostylidium from the Serra do Cachimbo, Eastern Amazon, Brazil. 1. Culm leaf blades 21–24.2 cm long, lanceolate, scabridulous with yellowish trichomes at the base of the adaxial surface, apex acuminate; foliage leaf auricles present, 1–2 mm long, blackish, fimbriae 9–11 mm long, copperish, blades 25–26 × 4.4–4.8 cm, broad-lanceolate.................................................................................................................................. Arthrostylidium cachimboense - Culm leaf blades 2.5–2.8 cm long, triangular-lanceolate, glabrous, apex setose, tip 5–6 mm long; foliage leaf auricles absent, fimbriae ca. 5 mm long, ochraceous, blades 10–14 × 0.5–1 cm, lanceolate................................... Arthrostylidium simpliciusculumPublished as part of Lopes-Neto, Raimundo Balieiro & Viana, Pedro Lage, 2022, Flora of the Serra do Cachimbo (Eastern Amazon, Brazil): Bambusoideae (Poaceae), including the description of two new species, pp. 99-129 in Phytotaxa 550 (2) on page 104, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/664108
Pariana Aublet 1775
No full textPariana Aublet (1775: 876). TYPE:— Pariana campestris Aublet (1775: 876). Plants cespitose. Culms homomorphic or dimorphic, the flowering culm bladeless to leafy and similar to vegetative culms, erect, decumbent or prostrate, 0.3 to 1 m tall, infra- and supranodal bands of trichomes absent, unbranched, without thorns. Leaves not differentiated into culm leaves and foliage leaves. Leaf sheaths with fimbriae at the apex, translucent swelling present near the summit, outer ligule absent, blades ovate, elliptic or lanceolate, midnerve not prominent. Synflorescences terminal, spiciform, constituted by a series of whorls, connected by the rachis internodes, with each whorl formed by one female spikelet surrounded by five male spikelets; spikelets sessile (female spikelets) or with fused flat and indurate pedicels (male spikelets), unisexual, glumes 2, anthecium smooth. Fruit a basic caryopsis. Pariana is an herbaceous bamboo genus with erect, decumbent or prostrate culms, these sometimes dimorphic; ovate, elliptic or lanceolate leaf blades; fimbriae and a translucent swelling present near the apex of the leaf sheath and are terminal and spiciform synflorescences, constituted by a series of whorls, each whorl formed by one female spikelet surrounded by five male spikelets, these with flat, indurate and fused pedicels. This is a neotropical genus with 28 described species (Ferreira et al. 2019, Dias et al. 2021). In the Serra do Cachimbo, is represented by two species. Identification key to the species of Pariana from the Serra do Cachimbo, Eastern Amazon, Brazil. 1. Leaf sheaths with auricles inconspicuous, fimbriae abundant, 10–18 per leaf, blades with L:W ratio = 1.1–2.1, abaxially shortly pilose, adaxially glabrous and apex acute............................................................................................................ Pariana radiciflora - Leaf sheaths with auricles distinctly developed, fimbriae sparse, 6–7 per leaf, blades L:W ratio = 2.9–4, glabrous on both surfaces and apex acuminate............................................................................................................................................. Pariana zingiberinaPublished as part of Lopes-Neto, Raimundo Balieiro & Viana, Pedro Lage, 2022, Flora of the Serra do Cachimbo (Eastern Amazon, Brazil): Bambusoideae (Poaceae), including the description of two new species, pp. 99-129 in Phytotaxa 550 (2) on page 119, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/664108
Raddiella Swallen 1948
No full textRaddiella Swallen (1948: 89). TYPE:— Raddiella nana (Döll 1877: 329) Swallen (1948: 89). Plants delicate, tufted, forming low mats. Culms homomorphic, commonly decumbent, 1–40 cm tall, infra-and supranodal bands of trichomes absent, unbranched or branched, without thorns. Leaves not differentiated into culm leaves and foliage leaves. Leaf sheaths without fimbriae at the apex, translucent swelling absent, outer ligule absent, blades ovate-triangular or elliptical, midnerve not prominent. Synflorescences terminal and axillary, racemose, terminal synflorescence with male and female spikelets or more commonly strictly male, rarely female, axillary synflorescences barely exserted from the leaf sheaths; spikelets with filiform pedicels, solitary and unisexual, glumes 2 (female spikelets) or absent (male spikelets), anthecium smooth. Fruit a basic caryopsis, hilum punctiform or shortlinear, ca. ½ the length of caryopsis. Raddiella is an herbaceous bamboo with eight species in Central and South America (Kellogg 2015). It is mainly characterized by the decumbent culms, 6–40 cm tall, leaves ovate-triangular or elliptic and synflorescences racemose, terminal and axillary, with male and female spikelets usually arising from different synflorescences (Zuloaga & Judziewicz 1991). In Brazil, five species occur in the Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado and Mata Atlântica domains (Oliveira & Oliveira 2020). In the Serra do Cachimbo, it is represented by three species. Identification key to the species of Raddiella from the Serra do Cachimbo, Eastern Amazon, Brazil. 1. Leaf blades elliptical, symmetrical, base and apex acute, short-pilose on both surfaces or scabrous on the abaxial surface; female spikelets falling entire......................................................................................................................................... Raddiella malmeana - Leaf blades ovate-triangular, asymmetrical, base truncate, apex acute, apiculate or short-apiculate, glabrous or short-pilose near the base on the adaxial surface, to densely puberulent on both surfaces; female spikelets with persistent glumes..........................2 2. Culms 8–40 cm tall; blades 1.5–1.8 cm long; axillary synflorescences bearing male and female spikelets................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Raddiella esenbeckii - Culms 3–6 cm tall; blades 0.4–0.6 cm long; axillary synflorescences bearing only female spikelets.................... Raddiella minimaPublished as part of Lopes-Neto, Raimundo Balieiro & Viana, Pedro Lage, 2022, Flora of the Serra do Cachimbo (Eastern Amazon, Brazil): Bambusoideae (Poaceae), including the description of two new species, pp. 99-129 in Phytotaxa 550 (2) on page 122, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/664108
Olyra ecaudata Doll 1877
No full textOlyra ecaudata Döll (1877: 326). Type:— FRENCH GUIANA. In Guiana gallica, Leprieur 547 [holotype P, isotypes US-2877952 (fragment ex P), W-1904-0013360]. Rhizomes pachymorph, short necks, ca. 3 mm long. Culms dimorphic, erect; vegetative culms 3–4 m tall, internodes 17–23 cm long, hollow, smooth, glabrous; flowering culms ca. 2 m tall, internodes 45–50 cm long, hollow, smooth, glabrous or short-pubescent; nodes geniculate, thickened, dark brown, glabrous or with retrorse trichomes. Leaves of vegetative culms clustered at the apex, sheath sparsely pilose, short-ciliate brown trichomes in the overlapping margins; ligules ca. 6 mm, membranous-ciliate; pseudopetioles 3–7 mm, shortly pilose on both surfaces, sometimes glabrous in the adaxial surface; blades 17–20 × 3.1–4.5 cm, ovate-lanceolate, geniculate-ascending, 5–7 per complement, glabrous on both surfaces, symmetrical, base slightly cordate, margins short-ciliate at the base and scabrous or glabrous at the apex, apex acuminate; leaves of flowering culms bladeless, sheath glabrous. Synflorescences 9.5–15 × 5.6–6.7 cm, obdeltate, the lower branches verticillate, with male spikelets on short branchlets or in pairs, one long- and the other short-pedicellate, the upper branches alternate to opposite, with 2– 6 female spikelets, rachis sparsely hirsute, scabrous; the pedicels of the male spikelets 6–8 mm long (long-pedicellate) and 2–3 mm long (short-pedicellate), the pedicels of the female spikelets 0.9–1.6 cm long, both longitudinally ridged, clavate at the apex, sparsely hirsute to pilose, scabrous. Male spikelets 6.1–6.8 × 0.7 mm, lanceolate, yellowish (in siccus), scaberulous, apex apiculate, falling entire; lemma 3-nerved; palea 2-nerved; filaments not seen, anthers ca. 3 mm long, yellow (in siccus). Female spikelets 7.3–8.2 × 2–3.3 mm, ovoid, stramineous (in siccus), sparsely pilose toward the nerves and margins, dispersion above the glumes; the glumes subequal, 5-7-nerved, sparsely pilose toward the nerves and margins, apex apiculate; anthecium 4.5–5 × 2.4–2.5 mm, ovoid, stramineous (in siccus), with small excavations, deciduous; lemma 7-8-nerved, scabrous, apex acute; palea 4-nerved, glabrous, apex acute; lodicules ca. 0.6 mm long; ovary 0.9–1.2 mm long, elliptic, glabrous, style 2.2–3 mm long, glabrous, stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis not seen. Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Fazenda Cachimbo, sub-base Projeto RADAM, 20 November 1976, Cordeiro 1132 (MG). Ponto 17, 12 November 1976, Nascimento 486 (MG). Pará: Novo Progresso: Campo de Provas Brigadeiro Velloso, Ramal 51, próximo ao estande, no riacho, 9°18’01.7”S, 54°56’36.1”W, 25 September 2019, Lopes-Neto et al. 457 (MG). Distribution and habitat: —This species is widely distributed in Central and South America, in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela, in humid forests below 500 meters (Soderstrom & Zuloaga 1989). In Brazil, it occurs in the Amazon (AC, AM, AP, RO, RR and MT) and Mata Atlântica (BA, PB, ES and SP) domains (Oliveira et al. 2020b). In the Serra do Cachimbo, it was found near streams in Open ombrophilous forest. Comments: — Olyra ecaudata is easily distinguished from the other Olyra species in the Serra do Cachimbo by the dimorphic culms: vegetative culms 3–4 m tall, with 5–7 clustered leaves at the apex and sheath pilose, short-ciliate in the margins and flowering culms ca. 2 m tall, bladeless, sheath glabrous. It resembles O. taquara Swallen (1966: 87) with the symmetrical leaves, base cordate and anthecium with small excavations, however, this species differs in the female spikelet and anthecium fusiform (vs. ovoid) and the upper lemma with margins ciliate (vs. scabrous).Published as part of Lopes-Neto, Raimundo Balieiro & Viana, Pedro Lage, 2022, Flora of the Serra do Cachimbo (Eastern Amazon, Brazil): Bambusoideae (Poaceae), including the description of two new species, pp. 99-129 in Phytotaxa 550 (2) on pages 117-118, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/664108
Olyra caudata Trinius 1836
No full textOlyra caudata Trinius (1836: 292). Fig. 7 A–B. Type:— PERU. Tocache, in sylvis densis, 1834, Poeppig [(holotype LE-TRIN-1118.01, isotype US-2877958 (fragment ex LE)]. Rhizomes not seen. Culms ca. 2m tall, erect, internodes 14–28 cm long, hollow, smooth, glabrous; nodes dark brown, glabrous. Leaf sheath pubescent, margins short-ciliate; ligules 4–6 mm, membranous-ciliate; pseudopetioles 3–4 mm, flat, shortly to densely pilose; blades 18–23 × 3.8–5.2 cm, ovate-lanceolate, short-pilose on both surfaces, asymmetrical, base obtuse, margins scabrous, apex acuminate. Synflorescences (12–)15–18 × (13–) 15–20 cm, umbelliform, the lower branches whorled, the upper branches alternate or verticillate, each branch with male spikelets on short pedicels basally and a single terminal female spikelet, rachis scabrous, the pedicels of male spikelets 1–2 mm, thin, the apex clavate, short-pilose, the pedicels of female spikelets 6.7–7.9 cm, longitudinally ridged, one side flattened, the apex clavate, densely pilose. Male spikelets 2.8–3.1 × 0.3 mm, lanceolate, brownish, hispid, falling entire; lemma 3-nerved, hispid in the apex and margins, apex short-aristate; palea 2-nerved, glabrous to shortly pilose toward the apex, apex short-aristate; stamens 3, included, filaments 0.3–0.5 mm, glabrous, anthers ca. 1.6 mm, black (in siccus). Female spikelets 23–32 × 4–5 mm, ovoid, stramineous (in siccus), glabrous, dispersion above the glumes, tardily caducous; the glumes subequal, 9-nerved, glabrous, apex awned, the awn 13–24 mm long; anthecium ca. 6–8 × 3–4 mm, ovoid, stramineous (in siccus), becoming black at maturity, smooth and shiny, deciduous, shortly stipitate at its base, stipe ca. 0.4 mm long; lemma with prickle trichomes in the upper margins, apex acute; palea glabrous, apex acute; lodicules not seen; ovary not seen, stigma 2, plumose. Caryopsis not seen. Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Pará: Altamira, Reserva Biológica Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo, ramal principal da REBIONSC, entrada a 65km de Cachoeira da Serra, 592 m, 9°04’26.7”S, 54°45’14.6”W, 25 May 2021, Lopes-Neto et al. 685 (MG). Itaituba, BR-163, Cuiabá-Santarém Highway, Km 867, Rio Vermelho, 11 November 1977, Silva 209 (INPA, MG, MO, US); Km 877, Cachoeira da Luz, Rio Curuá, margem esquerda, 02 May 1983, Amaral et al. 1077 (INPA, MO, NY). Distribution and habitat: —This species occurs in Central and South America, in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago (Soderstrom & Zuloaga 1989, Vorontsova et al. 2016). In Brazil, it is registered in the Amazon Forest, between 150 to 1.100 meters, in the states of Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia and Mato Grosso (Oliveira et al. 2020b). In the Serra do Cachimbo, it was found in Open ombrophilous forest. Comments: — Olyra caudata and O. latifolia Linnaeus (1759: 1261) share culms ca. 2 m tall, ovate-lanceolate leaves, asymmetrical, shortly pilose on both surfaces, female spikelets awned and anthecium ovoid and smooth. However, this species has umbelliform synflorescences, the female spikelets are larger (23–32 × 4–5 mm) and the glumes are subequal, with awns 13–14 mm long, while O. latifolia has pyramidal synflorescences, the female spikelets are smaller (10–12 × 1.4–2.2 mm) and the glumes are unequal, with awns 3.8–4.8 mm long.Published as part of Lopes-Neto, Raimundo Balieiro & Viana, Pedro Lage, 2022, Flora of the Serra do Cachimbo (Eastern Amazon, Brazil): Bambusoideae (Poaceae), including the description of two new species, pp. 99-129 in Phytotaxa 550 (2) on page 117, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/664108
