1,796 research outputs found
Some Student Ideas on the Median and the Mode
No full textThis article, created by G.V. Barr, proposes to make a "tentative contribution to the knowledge of students' understanding of the statistical concepts; median and mode." It relates to a pilot study and tries to answer questions connected with the mistakes students tend to make: 1.What are the difficulties, 2.How many students have difficulties of this kind, 3.ÂHow does the statistical vocabulary develop with respect to concept? The author first provides a general introduction, then an introduction to the median, an introduction to the mode and finally discussion questions/conclusions. This is a nice overview of these different statistical concepts
Modern clinical management helps reducing the impact of type 1 diabetes in children
No full textType 1 diabetes care may be very costly not only in terms of money but also in terms of psychological and therapeutic acceptance and compliance. Recently, a lot of new technologies have been introduced in the care of patients with type 1 diabetes that should allow them to achieve an improvement in glycemic control, quality of life and above all prevent long-term complications. Combining continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) provides a more useful tool for patients with type 1 diabetes, the sensor-augmented pump (SAP). The aim of the present review is to explore SAP efficacy and safety in young patients with type 1 diabetes. SAP demonstrated increased efficacy in lowering glycated hemoglobin when compared either to multiple daily injections or CSII alone. Its efficacy is positively associated with CGM use, baseline HbA1c and patients' age. According to currently available evidence, SAP seems sufficiently safe, effective and beneficial in improving glycemic control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Moreover, encouraging results using semi-closed loop systems are emerging, paving the way toward a fully automated artificial pancreas. As pediatric diabetologists we have the duty to offer our patients the best therapeutic option currently available, supported by evidence, to help them gain the best results with the fewest adverse effects (hypoglycemia and/or diabetic ketoacidosis), better if chomping a little piece of dark chocolate
Perinatal arterial stroke : role of three-dimensional ultrasound
No full textStroke is an uncommon but increasingly recognized cause of mortality and long-term neurologic morbidity in newborns. We report the case of a neonate presenting an asymptomatic episode of complete middle left cerebral artery infarction. The power Doppler three-dimensional ultrasound allowed an early diagnosis and an accurate bedside evaluation
Long-lasting immunogenicity of a virosomal influenza vaccine in older children and young adults with type I diabetes mellitus
No full textTo evaluate the long-lasting immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a virosomal influenza vaccine in subjects with type I diabetes, a trial was conducted during the 2007-2008 influenza season in Milan, Northern Italy. One hundred five subjects aged 9-30 years were randomized to receive by intramuscular injection vaccination by a single dose (0.5 ml) of either a virosomal (Inflexal V) (n=52) or a standard subunit (Influvac) (n=53) vaccine. Serum hemagglutinin inhibition antibody titres were determined against the three recommended influenza-like strains, A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B, at pre-vaccination, and 1 and 6 months post-vaccination. Geometric mean titres were increased in the two groups 1 and 6 months post-vaccination (P95%) for strains A/H1N1 and A/H3N2, and a seroprotection of 73% and 70% in the virosomal and subunit vaccine for strain B. Mean fold increase ranged 2.8 (A/H3N2)-6.2 (A/H1N1) in the virosomal group and 2.3 (A/H3N2)-4.8 (A/H1N1) in the subunit group. Immunogenicity declined 6 months post-vaccination in both groups, and the CPMP requirement for immunogenicity was satisfied only in the virosomal group. In subjects without pre-existing antibodies to strain B (titre <10), the virosomal vaccine showed higher immune response than the subunit vaccine 6 months post-vaccination, with a geometric mean titre (95% CI) of 40.2 (30.7-54.6) vs. 21.2 (14.6-30.8). Reactogenicity was similar in the two vaccines. All reactions were transient and not severe. The results indicate that in older children and young adults with type I diabetes influenza vaccination with a virosomal or a standard subunit vaccine is safe and adequately immunogenic against the three influenza vaccine strains. In addition, the virosomal vaccine may show better long-lasting immune response than the standard subunit vaccine, especially in subjects without pre-existing antibodies to influenza strains
HIV-related oral lesions in a cohort of HIV infected children
No full textIntroduction
As of december 1995, nine hundred and thirty-six children were identified to be HIV-1 infected by perinatal vertical transmission and over 3600 are at risk in Italy. AIDS cases were 471 (50.3% of infected) and 288 children died. The survival rates are 72.3% at five years and 50.0% at ten years (Italian Register of Pediatric HIV Infection, XII-1995 Workshop). It is well known that oral lesions can develop in HIV-serumpositive children but few data exist on their prevalence, progression and prognostic value. The presence of oral pathosis could contribute to worsen the general status of HIV+ children and fasten the onset of a poor prognosis. This study investigates the presence of oral lesions and conditions as related with CD4+ lymphocyte counts in a small cohort of patients followed at the HIV+ Children Care Center, V Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano.
Patients and Methods
21 HIV-serumpositive children, 12 males and 9 females were followed. 12 children were born from IVDA or ex-IVDA serumpositive mothers, 2 children from heterosexually infected mothers and 7 from infected mothers by undetermined causes. The monthly or bi-monthly clinical appointment at the HIV+ Children Care Center comprised general and neurological examination, blood analysis with cell counts, Ig levels and lymphocyte subpopulations counts. Oral examinations were performed quarterly by one trained examiner (S.A.). HIV-related oral lesions and conditions were diagnosed and classified according to the revised criteria of the EEC-Clearinghouse and WHO-Collaborating Centre on Oral Manifestations of HIV (1993). Collected data have been entered into a personal computer and statistics has been performed by non-parametric tests and the Kaplan-Meier method.
Results
The follow-up periods were 7 to 53 months long (mean 29.1 mos.). Patients entered the trial at 0 to 84 months of age (mean: 23.3 mos. ±26.5). At the end of the study patients were aged 17 to 129 months (mean: 52.4 mos. ±32.9). 6 patients (#5,#9,#12,#13,#17,#18) died during the follow-up period (age of death: 24 to 108 mos., mean: 56.7 mos. The mean CD4+ cell count at the beginning of the oral follow-up was 958.5/mm3± 608.9 sd (range 75÷2640/mm3) and the final value was 453.7/ mm3±554.3 sd (range 5÷1875/mm3). 15 patients (71.4%) had at least one oral condition (4 of them died). 8 children developed a second HIV-related oral disease. Totally, 13 pseudomembranous candidiasis, 3 angular cheilitis, 3 oral hairy leukoplakia, 3 aphtous ulcerations and 1 erythematous candidiasis (Fig.1 & Fig.2) were detected. Oral lesions have been detected 2 to 76 months from birth (mean age 28.6 mos. for the first condition and 41.7 mos. for the second one). See table and graphs for details. CD4+ counts at the time of diagnosis of the first oral condition were significatively lower (p=0.01,Wilcoxon test) than initial counts; the mean value was 564.3/mm3±598.7 sd (range 12÷1890/mm3). The depletion of CD4+ cells from beginning to the end of follow-up was significatively higher in patients who developed oral lesions (mean: - 676.5/mm3, p=0.004, Wilcoxon test). 53.3 % of patients with one oral lesion had CD4+ lymphocyte counts below 500 cell/mm3 at the time of the diagnosis, whereas only 33.3% of those without lesions had such figures at the end of the study. Kaplan-Meier estimates of time to develop CD4+ cell counts below 500/mm3 were calculated. Observations were censored at CD4+ count = 500. The presence of oral lesions discriminates all children whose CD4+ lymphocytes falled below 500 by the 32d month, whereas only in the 60% of patients without lesions such depletion occurred within that period
Medal presentations.
No full textTyped Description: Magnolia Medal is awarded to Maj. Feilden Mitts by Gen W.P. Wilson, the Adjutant General of Mississippi; Lt Major D. Jefcoat accepts the Minniece Rifle Trophy from Lt. Col. G.V. Montgomery (150TH TC BN) ; Dixie Division Albumhttps://egrove.olemiss.edu/cfclayton/1032/thumbnail.jp
Cohort profile: Mysore Parthenon Birth Cohort
No full textThe Mysore Parthenon Birth Cohort was established to examine the long-term effects of maternal glucose tolerance and nutritional status on cardiovascular disease risk factors in the offspring. During 1997-98, 830 of 1233 women recruited from the antenatal clinics of the Holdsworth Memorial Hospital (HMH), Mysore, India, underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Of these, 667 women delivered live babies at HMH. Four babies with major congenital anomalies were excluded, and the remaining 663 were included for further follow-up. The babies had detailed anthropometry at birth and at 6-12-monthly intervals subsequently. Detailed cardiovascular investigations were done at ages 5, 9.5 and 13.5 years in the children, and in the parents at the 5-year and 9.5-year follow-ups. This ongoing study provides extensive data on serial anthropometry and body composition, physiological and biochemical measures, dietary intake, nutritional status, physical activity measures, stress reactivity measures and cognitive function, and socio-demographic parameters for the offspring. Data on anthropometry, cardiovascular risk factors and nutritional status are available for mothers during pregnancy. Anthropometry and risk factor measures are available for both parents at follow-up
Type 1 diabetes and celiac disease: the effects of gluten free diet on metabolic control
No full textType 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with celiac disease, with a prevalence that varies between 0.6% and 16.4%, according to different studies. After a diagnosis of celiac disease is confirmed by small bowel biopsy, patients are advised to commence a gluten-free diet (GFD). This dietary restriction may be particularly difficult for the child with diabetes, but in Europe (and in Italy) many food stores have targeted this section of the market with better labeling of products and more availability of specific GFD products. Treatment with a GFD in symptomatic patients has been shown to improve the symptoms, signs and complications of celiac disease. However, the effects of a GFD on diabetic control are less well established. Initial reports of improved hypoglycemic control were based on children who were diagnosed with celiac disease associated with malabsorption, but there have subsequently been reports of improvement in patients with type 1 diabetes with subclinical celiac disease. There are other studies reporting no effect, improved control and an improvement of hypoglycemic episodes. Moreover, in this review we wish to focus on low glycemic index foods, often suggested in people with type 1 diabetes, since they might reduce postprandial glycemic excursion and enhance long-term glycemic control. In contrast, GFD may be rich in high glycemic index foods that can increase the risk of obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease, worsening the metabolic control of the child with diabetes. Hence, it is important to evaluate the impact of a GFD on metabolic control, growth and nutritional status in children with type 1 diabetes
Anderson and Bailey at Book Signing
No full textAuthor John Aubrey Anderson shares remarks. President of the G.V. Sonny Montgomery Foundation, Bob Bailey, is seated behind Anderson.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/libep-events-booksignings-anderson/1013/thumbnail.jp
Bailey and Anderson at Book Signing
No full textPresident of the G.V. Sonny Montgomery Foundation Bob Bailey (left) and author John Aubrey Anderson share a laugh during the presentation.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/libep-events-booksignings-anderson/1032/thumbnail.jp
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