322 research outputs found
Le 'firme' della domesticazione e dell'introduzione in Europa nel genoma di Phaseolus vulgaris L.: analisi di caratteri morfologici e marcatori molecolari (SNPs).
No full textCaratterizzazione genetica di una collezione di germoplasma del genere Asparagus spp. e sviluppo di marcatori molecolari utili per programmi di selezione assistita (MAS)
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Genetic relationships between subsp. Dicoccum (Schrank) and conv durum (Desf) MacKey of Triticum turgidum L. species
No full textGenetic diversity in cultivated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Basilicata: marker-based analysis for morphological and agronomic traits.
No full textRaccolta e caratterizzazione di germoplasma di specie orticole nelle aree interne della Basilicata
No full textAl fine di salvaguardare la diversità genetica del germoplasma vegetale ortivo della regione Basilicata, e per monitorare il grado di erosione genetica, in 14 comuni delle aree interne regionali è stata condotta una missione di raccolta di landraces di specie orticole. In totale sono state raccolte 348 accessioni appartenenti prevalentementeai generi Phaseolus, Capsicum e Lycopersicon. La ricerca ha evidenziato che le landraces sono conservate da agricoltori anziani (età media di 60 anni), che conducono aziende agricole isolate e che utilizzano sistemi produttivi tradizionali. il 12% delle accessioni sono state raccolte nei 'centri abitati'.
Per valutare la diversità morfologica e produttiva delle 68 accessioni di pomodoro, sono state allestite prove sperimentali in due ambienti molto diversificati. I risultati hanno mostrato che lke accessioni raccolte rappresentano un germoplasma interessante rappresentativo della vasta diversitàò genetica di pomodoro ancora disponibile nella Regione Basilicata.
Tutto questo mostra l'importanza del ruolo svolto dagli agricoltori nel conservare la diversità genetica biologica delle diverse razze locali. Per salvaguardare questo ricco patrimonio geneticoè ipotizzabile sviluppare una strategia di conservazione 'on farm'
Morphological, biochemical and molecular evaluation of Triticum durum Desf. germplasm.
No full textDurum wheat (Triticum durum Desf., 2n = 4x = 28; AABB genomes) is an important graincrop, particularly in the Mediterranean basin. Over time in Italy plant breeding programs have introduced a number of varieties with always higher and more stable yield and improved grain quality that have continuously replaced the varieties previously locally grown. In order to prevent the genetic erosion of the available durum wheat germplasm, a large number of germplasm collections are currently conserved ex situ in genebanks. Ex situ collections may have a considerable percentage of genetic diversity and useful traits for future breeding needs. So, different approaches can be adopted to explore these germplasm collections.
In this study 107 durum wheat accessions collected in Southern Italy and now preserved ex situ in genebanks were characterized. A set of morphological traits (heading date, plant height, spike length, number of spikelet per spike, number of seeds per spike and weight of 1000 seeds) were evaluated. Grain protein content (%) was determined and then gliadins and glutenins patterns were identified by biochemical methods (A-PAGE and SDS-PAGE, respectively). In addition, 30 SSRs markers were used to describe the genetic diversity of the whole collection.
According to the plant height, it was possible to divide the collection of accessions into three groups, whose morphological traits reflected the consequences of the introduction of dwarf gene varieties.
Grain protein content ranged from 13.6% to 21.7%, with an average of 17.8%. Biochemical characterization of gliadins and glutenins showed a high level of diversity. For gliadins, 100 different bands were identified; 14 patterns were observed in the α region, 23 in the β region, 51 in the γ region and 63 patterns in the ω region. The analysis of the high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) evidenced that in the collection there were 13 bands and 16 different patterns.
The molecular markers identified a total of 115 alleles, with a substantial level of genetic diversity in the whole collection of accessions.
The results suggested that genetic diversity was available in the whole germplasm collection,and that the collection can represent a valuable genetic resource for future breeding programs
Evaluation of Triticum durum Desf. germplasm for the improvement of local products.
No full textDurum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum, 2n = 4x = 28; AABB genomes) is an important crop, mainly used for human consumption. In recent decades, genetic improvement of durum wheat led to the spread of a limited number of varieties, with characteristics of adaptability and high productivity, that have replaced the pre-existing genetic diversity. The direct consequence of this process was the genetic erosion of durum wheat germplasm base available for future breeding advances. Ex situ conservation of land races and wild relatives provides vital insurance against excessive erosion of a crop’s genetic base. For this reason, over the past years, gene bank collections have been established for all major and most minor crops. Currently, there are also many worldwide collections of durum wheat, but only few of them have been characterized and used. Thus, it is possible to acquire germplasm collections of genetic resources from the gene banks and use them for their characterization, in order to obtain all the information necessary for their proper use. In this study 128 genetic resources of durum wheat collected in previous decades in southern Italy and now available from the gene banks were evaluated, through morphological, biochemical markers, SSR markers and quality parameters. The results describe:
- the evolution of genetic diversity through multiplication and rejuvenation of the materials over the past 60 years, and the effects of genetic erosion;
- the attitude of this germplasm to the production of bread and pasta.
The germplasm with adequate quanti-qualitative characteristics represents a valuable genetic resource that will have utility for future breeding improvement of typical production, linked to specific region areas
Genetic diversity in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ex situ collection of Italian landraces
No full textEco-geographical differentiation and “in situ” conservation of common bean landraces (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Southern Italy.
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