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Lodolini (E.), Le scuole d'archivio : note e proposte
No full textLodolini (E.), Le scuole d'archivio : note e proposte. In: La Gazette des archives, n°78, 1972. p. 204
Lodolini (E.), Le scuole d'archivio : note e proposte
No full textLodolini (E.), Le scuole d'archivio : note e proposte. In: La Gazette des archives, n°78, 1972. p. 204
PRODUCTIVITY OF OLIVE TREES WITH DIFFERENT WATER STATUS AND CROP LOAD
No full textA field experiment was conducted over two growing seasons to determine the combined effect of crop load and
irrigation on yield components of olive trees (Olea europaea L. ‘Leccino’) planted at 6 m 3.8 m in a sandy-clay soil.
Different crop loads were established by manual thinning of fruits. Drip irrigation was managed to maintain pre-dawn
leaf water-potentials (PLWP) within the following ranges: (i) higher than –1.1 MPa (FI; fully irrigated); (ii) between
–1.0 and –3.3 MPa (DI; deficit irrigated); or (iii) below –1.2 MPa, but not lower than –4.2 MPa (SI; severe deficit
irrigated).The irrigation period lasted from 6 – 16 weeks after full bloom (AFB) in 2003, and from 5 – 19 weeks AFB
in 2004. In 2003, full bloom was on 26 May; in 2004, it was on 3 June. Neither irrigation regime nor crop load affected
flowering or flower quality the following Spring. The combined fruit yields [on a fresh weight (FW) basis] over both
years in SI and DI trees were 49.0% and 81.6% of FI trees, respectively.The oil yields of SI and DI trees were 52.5%
and 81.2% of FI trees, respectively. Fruit FWs in FI trees were greater than those of DI or SI trees at 8 weeks AFB.At
harvest, FI trees bore the largest fruits, and SI trees the smallest fruits. The FWs of individual fruits at harvest in the
FI and DI treatments decreased as crop load increased, but no such relationship was apparent for SI trees. The oil
content of the mesocarp increased as PLWP increased from approx. –3.5 MPa to –1.5 MPa.The oil content of FI trees
at harvest decreased from 53.1% to 45.7% dry weight as fresh fruit yield increased from 5 – 25 kg dm–2 trunk crosssectional
area. However, crop load did not have any effect on the oil content of the mesocarp in DI trees. Fruit
maturation was delayed by irrigation. Maturation index also decreased (indicating delayed maturation) as the crop
load on FI or DI trees increased, but did not vary with crop level in SI trees
Productivity of olive trees with different water status and crop load
No full textA field experiment was conducted over two growing seasons to determine the combined effect of crop load and irrigation on yield components of olive trees (Olea europaea L. 'Leccino') planted at 6 m x 3.8 m in a sandy-clay soil. Different crop loads were established by manual thinning of fruits. Drip irrigation was managed to maintain pre-dawn leaf water-potentials (PLWP) within the following ranges: (i) higher than -1.1 MPa. (FI; fully irrigated); (ii) between -1.0 and -3.3 MPa (DI; deficit irrigated); or (iii) below -1.2 MPa, but not lower than -4.2 MPa (SI; severe deficit irrigated). The irrigation period lasted from 6-16 weeks after full bloom (AFB) in 2003, and from 5-19 weeks AFB in 2004. In 2003, full bloom was on 26 May; in 2004, it was on 3 June. Neither irrigation regime nor crop load affected flowering or flower quality the following Spring. The combined fruit yields [on a fresh weight (FW) basis] over both years in Sl and DI trees were 49.0% and 81.6% of FI trees, respectively. The oil yields of Sl and DI trees were 52.5% and 81.2% of FI trees, respectively. Fruit FWs in FI trees were greater than those of DI or SI trees at 8 weeks AFB. At harvest, FI trees bore the largest fruits, and Sl trees the smallest fruits. The FWs of individual fruits at harvest in the FI and DI treatments decreased as crop load increased, but no such relationship was apparent for SI trees. The oil content of the mesocarp increased as PLWP increased from approx. -3.5 MPa to -1.5 MPa. The oil content of FI trees at harvest decreased from 53.1% to 45.7% dry weight as fresh fruit yield increased from 5-25 kg dm(-2) trunk cross-sectional area. However, crop load did not have any effect on the oil content of the mesocarp in DI trees. Fruit maturation was delayed by irrigation. Maturation index also decreased (indicating delayed maturation) as the crop load on FI or DI trees increased, but did not vary with crop level in SI trees
From flower to fruit: fruit growth and development in olive (Olea europaea L.)—a review
Full text linkThe olive (Olea europaea L.) is the most cultivated tree crop in the Mediterranean and among the most cultivated tree crops worldwide. Olive yield is obtained by the product of fruit number and fruit size; therefore, understanding fruit development, in terms of both number and size, is commercially and scientifically relevant. This article reviews the literature on fruit development, from the flower to the mature fruit, considering factors that affect both fruit size and number. The review focuses on olive but includes literature on other species when relevant. The review brings the different factors affecting different phases of fruit development, addressed separately in the literature, under a single frame of interpretation. It is concluded that the different mechanisms regulating the different phases of fruit development, from pistil abortion to fruit set and fruit size, can be considered as different aspects of the same overall strategy, that is, adjusting fruit load to the available resources while striving to achieve the genetically determined fruit size target and the male and female fitness targets
Water deficit-induced changes in mesocarp cellular processes and the relationship between mesocarp and endocarp during olive fruit development
No full textA field experiment was conducted during two consecutive growing seasons to determine and quantify the growth response of the olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Leccino) fruit and of its component tissues to tree water status. Pre-dawn leaf water potential ((w)) and fruit volume were measured at about weekly intervals, and fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of the fruit tissues at 15, 20 and 21 weeks after full bloom (AFB). Fruit anatomical sections were prepared at 8, 15 and 21 weeks AFB for area determinations and cell counts. Fruit volume of the well-watered trees (average (w)=0.97MPa) increased rapidly and reached the greatest final size, that from the most stressed (average (w)=2.81MPa) grew most slowly and were smallest. In general, equatorial transverse areas of the mesocarp increased with increasing (w), and this response was more evident at 21 than at 15 weeks AFB. By 21 weeks AFB, the mesocarp of the well-watered trees reached values more than three times higher than those measured at 8 weeks AFB. The endocarp FW and DW did not increase between 15 and 21 weeks AFB. Within each sampling date the endocarp area, FW and DW responded weakly to (w). The mesocarp-to-endocarp ratio (FW and DW) increased from 15 to 21 weeks AFB regardless of water status, mainly due to the mesocarp growth. In both years at 20 and 21 weeks AFB, low values of the mesocarp-to-endocarp ratio were found with (w) below 2.5MPa. Within the mesocarp, cell size was more responsive to water deficit than to cell number. At 8 weeks AFB, the number of cells in the mesocarp was unaffected by tree water deficit, whereas cell size decreased, although slightly, in fruits sampled from trees in which (w) was < 3.0MPa. At 21 weeks AFB, cell size showed a linear decrease with increasing level of water deficit, whereas the number of cells at 21 weeks AFB decreased as the (w) decreased below 2.5MPa and seemed unaffected above that range. Overall, the results clarify the complexity of the water-induced response of mesocarp and endocarp growth and cellular processes of olive fruits
Modello architetturale della branca produttiva in quattro varietà di olivo (Olea europaea L.).
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