1,721,019 research outputs found
A data file: Value and communication of information at the time of human-data interaction design
No full textThis paper is an overview of the use of data based on their “value chain” and about the need to design proper interaction tools for whomever is interested in a rich, direct and purposeful interaction with them; from their origin of production, to the formal passages they undergo, to the open data formats through which they are freely available on the Web, data and their new forms of expression are more and more influencing our everyday knowledge, decision making and quality of life
Techno-ecology of gender: the feminist studies in computer science, organizations and design of technologies
No full textThis paper is an overview of the feminist studies in computer science and technologies and, in particular, on the feminine perspectives of the relational foundations of reality, of an "embodied knowledge", which mediate the interactions with and the interpretations of the world. The feminist studies about the sociality with objects, the interactions in socio-technical systems, the new materialism, and a technology design more oriented to situated practices become complementary stances to the strong, abstract, rational and deterministic computer science, and critical tools in the relations between masculine and feminine in the organizations and with the everyday technologies
Two sides of a coin: Translate while classify multilanguage annotations with Domain ontology-Driven Word Sense Disambiguation
No full textIn this paper we present an approach for the translation and classification of short texts in one step. Our work lays in the tradition of Domain-Driven Word Sense Disambiguation, though a major emphasis is given to domain ontologies as the right tool for sense-tagging and topic detection of short texts which, by their nature, are known to be reluctant to statistical treatment. We claim that in a scenario where users can annotate knowledge items using different languages, domain ontologies can prove very suitable for driving the word disambiguation and topic classification tasks. In this way, two tasks are gainfully collapsed in a single one. Although this study is still in its infancy, in what follows we are able to articulate motivations, design, workflow analysis, and concrete evolutions envisioned for our tool
Putting open data to the test of life: conceptual schemas as a means to compare and measure social value
No full textIn a previous paper, we have investigated the different di- mensions of a classificatory framework suitable to support the assess- ment and benchmarking of the social value of open data initiatives. In this paper, we propose a methodology that compares and evaluates open data social value, and we apply it to the specific domain of hospital care. Through this case study we advocate that social value can be analyzed within a spectrum of measures going from intensional completeness to subjective meaning. We first suggest that open data made available on- line by an organization can be modelled in terms of the corresponding integrated conceptual schema, as a uniform construct. Then, a global schema is created with the integrated schemas, and intensional as well as extensional social value on data can be defined. Valuable information is then extracted from queries based on such constructs, and which may result useful in the different contexts and related needs that users may experience in the domain of health. Finally, we propose a psycho-metric questionnaire to assess the perceived value of the information extracted from open data schemas through the above queries, and applied to dif- ferent scenarios. In this way, we propose to compare and measure the social value of different open data initiatives, as it results from the anal- ysis of the information that can be modelled and extracted from their conceptual schemas, from the quality of their instances, and from the subjective perception of their valuable information in different contexts and for different needs
From Care for Design to Becoming Matters: New perspectives for the development of socio-technical systems
No full textIn this paper, we start by deconstructing the widely-mentioned concept of care in the IS literature, to unveil its inherent shortcomings and ambiguities, and find opportunities to go beyond it while preserving its value for the development of better socio-technical systems. We find an important strand in the feminist studies tradition, and in particular in the contributions related to the so called "new materialism". Notwithstanding their differences, these contrarian and often neglected voices point to the importance of relational thinking and material engagement with our technological objects. For this reason, in continuing the path indicated by Ciborra with his idea of care, we advocate a new shift from this step to the next one, where becoming matters more than being, and the caring about matter is more important than design abstractions
Questionnaires in the design and evaluation of community-oriented technologies
No full textStimulated by the maturity and ease-of-use of online psychometric questionnaire platforms, in this paper we discuss their exploitation as tools to gather representative indications, collect preferences and elicit requirements from the members of online communities for the design of their web-based technologies. To this practical aim, we suggest an alternative vision to the traditional way of considering questionnaires as part of the quantitative researcher toolbox, or worse yet, a trivial way to collect opinions with no design-oriented value. Rather, we advocate for a qualitative turn in questionnaire design and for the interpretation of the responses collected from even massive communities of prospective users. In particular, we propose to see questionnaires as valuable tools for two related tasks: the collection of preferences for the prioritisation of features and requirements of prospective web-based systems; and the evaluation of the impact of these systems on the communities that adopt them. In particular, this impact is addressed on a multidimensional perspective, including community values such as trust, sense of reciprocity, sense of community and social capital. In both cases, questionnaires are lightweight, feasible and cost-effective tools to enable the incremental improvement of community-oriented technologies according to the direct feedback collected from the community members
Modeling Interaction Patterns in Visualizations with Eye-Tracking: A Characterization of Reading and Information Styles
No full textIn data visualization, users' scanning patterns are as crucial as their reading patterns in text-based media. Yet, no systematic attempt exists to characterize this activity with basic features, such as reading speed and scanpaths, nor to relate them to data complexity and information disposition. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a model-based method to analyze and interpret those features from eye-tracking data. To this end, the bias-noise model is applied to a data visualization eye-tracking dataset available online, and enriched with areas of interest labels. The positive results of this method are as follows: (i) the identification of users' reading styles like meticulous, systematic, and serendipitous; (ii) the characterization of information disposition as gathered or scattered, and of information complexity as more or less dense; (iii) the discovery of a behavioural pattern of efficiency, given that the more visualizations were read by a participant, the greater their reading speed, consistency, and predictability of reading; (iv) the identification of encoding and title areas of interest as the primary loci of attention in visualizations, with a peculiar back-and-forth reading pattern; (v) the identification of the encoding area of interest as the fastest to read in less dense visualization types, such as bars, circles, and lines charts. Future experiments involving participants from diverse cultural backgrounds could not only validate the observed behavioural patterns, but also enrich the experimental framework with additional perspectives
Exploiting the collective knowledge of communities of experts: The case of conference ranking
No full textIn this paper, we discuss the concept of tacit collective knowledge and focus on how to externalize it to inform discussion and reflective thinking within a community of expert practitioners about their own distributed practices. We draw our approach by outlining the one we undertook in the domain of a scholarly community: how to assess the quality of scientific conferences in the broad area of computer science and IT study. Results show the feasibility and scalability of the approach adopted to externalize tacit collective knowledge
Interactive summaries by multi- pole information extraction for the archaeological domain
No full textUnderstanding and describing past or present societies is a complex task, as it involves a multi-faceted analysis of the norms, interactions, and evolutions that characterize them. This serves as the motivation for developing a tool, named Herodotus, aiming at supporting domain experts, such as historians or archaeologists, in the reasoning tasks over complex interactions characterizing a society in order to explain why some event took place and, possibly, to predict what could happen when some factors change. An important part of Herodotus is the text mining module that is responsible for the extraction of knowledge from written sources, such as books and scientific papers. Machines cannot always help users in dealing with natural language, because of the variety, ambiguity and non-rigidity that language shows in its use; they can only try to process information in a meaningful way for users. Information Extraction (IE) is the technology that pulls specific information from large volumes of unstructured texts and stores this information in structured forms. Users can then consult, compose, and analyze them. Domain-based IE should focus on an analysis of a specific state of affairs and, in this way, it can obtain more precise and detailed results. This helps domain experts to deal with the complexity of their everyday objects and environments. This chapter is centered on the Interactive Summary Extractor tool, whose scope is to organize, in a partially automated but substantially interactive way, text summaries for archaeological and historical documental sources. The texts so analyzed will help domain experts to collect data, viewing a synthesized version of it, compose such summaries in units of sense for the particular archaeological study or research that is in place, and so on. Summaries can then be modified, stored, retrieved and managed for later elaboration
Tagging Ontologies with Fuzzy WordNet Domains
No full textThe use of WordNet Domains is confined in the present days to Text Mining field. Moreover, the tagging of WordNet synsets with WordNet Domain labels is a crisp one. This paper introduces an approach for automatically tagging both ontologies and their concepts with WordNet domains in a fuzzy fashion, for topic classification purposes. Our fuzzy WordNet Domains model is presented as well as our domain disambiguation procedure. Experiments show promising results and are introduced in this paper as well as a final discussion on envisioned scenarios for our approach. © 2011 Springer-Verlag
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