1,721,066 research outputs found
A map is worth a thousand data: Requirements in tertiary human-data interaction to foster participation
No full textThis paper aims to shed light on an emerging class of phenomena that are related to the abundance of data, which either come from personal life records or from open data portals, and to the strategies to tame this abundance to enable the human making of sense and decision. In particular, a new category can be introduced for these kind of data, which are neither primary (that is being deeply engrained into a work practice), nor secondary (i.e., processed by and for specialists, like the members of clerical, managerial or research staff) but, in a way, "tertiary", as they are consumed (when not directly produced) by "final customers". Hence, new ways of engaging users to either enable or facilitate the direct comprehension, and the ad-hoc manipulation and tailoring of data to unpredictable and unstructured tasks should be devised, also by means of more active and inter-active visualization techniques, in order to reduce the information overload and to let users shape their data landscapes in a virtuos cycle that may also return benefit to the same (primary) production and uses of data. In so doing, both data can partake in the end-users lives and these latter partake in improving the quality of data in face of the current (open) big data tide
A fil di dato: valore e comunicazione dell'informazione al tempo dello human-data interaction design
No full textL'articolo propone una panoramica dell'uso dei dati basata sulla loro "catena del valore" e sull'importanza che tutti gli interessati a vario titolo al loro uso siano dotati di strumenti adatti a un'interazione diretta, sensata, fruttuosa e allineata ai propri scopi; a partire dai luoghi dove essi hanno origine, a quelli in cui avviene il loro trattamento formale, alla libera circolazione e disponibilità nei formati aperti del Web, il destino dei dati è quello di influenzare, con nuove forme di espressione accessibili a tutti, le nostre vite, la nostra conoscenza del mondo e le nostre decisioni più importanti.This paper is an overview of the use of data based on their "value chain" and about the need to design proper interaction tools for whomever is interested in a rich, direct and purposeful interaction with them; from their origin of production, to the formal passages they undergo, to the open data formats through which they are freely available on the Web, data and their new forms of expression are more and more influencing our everyday knowledge, decision making and quality of life
Tecno-ecologie di genere: gli studi femminili su informatica, organizzazioni e design delle tecnologie
No full textL'articolo si propone come una panoramica degli studi femminili sull'informatica e sulle tecnologie. In particolare, si intende delineare un modello di pensiero relazionale, fondato su un sentire "incarnato", legato alla dimensione del femminino come interpretazione e interazione con il mondo. Gli studi femminili sulla socialità con gli oggetti, sull'interazione nei sistemi socio-tecnici, sul nuovo materialismo, e su un design delle tecnologie più orientato al contesto del le prat iche d'uso divengono al lora istanze complementari a quelle dell'informatica forte, astratta, razionale, deterministica e strumenti critici del rapporto tra mascolino e femminino nelle organizzazioni nel loro complesso e con le tecnologie d'uso quotidiano
Two sides of a coin: translate while classify multilanguage annotations with domain ontology-driven word sense disambiguation
No full textIn this paper we present an approach for the translation and classification of short texts in one step. Our work lays in the tradition of Domain-Driven Word Sense Disambiguation, though a major emphasis is given to domain ontologies as the right tool for sense-tagging and topic detection of short texts which, by their nature, are known to be reluctant to statistical treatment. We claim that in a scenario where users can annotate knowledge items using different languages, domain ontologies can prove very suitable for driving the word disambiguation and topic classification tasks. In this way, two tasks are gainfully collapsed in a single one. Although this study is still in its infancy, in what follows we are able to articulate motivations, design, workflow analysis, and concrete evolutions envisioned for our tool.15-18 February 201
Data-imagined decision making in organizations: do visualization tools run in the family?
No full textThis paper reports of an experimental crossover between two different perspectives of organizational activities: decision making and data management. Although there are ever growing contact points between the two, it is also true that in enterprises data-driven decision making often shows many room for improvements. A converging direction of these two aspects of organizational routine could be that of comparing and coupling decision making steps, activities and characteristics with data visualization properties, capabilities and enablers of information sharing and assimilation. This study goes in this direction, by proposing an exploratory analysis of decision making models and data visualization characteristics in order to extract a set of common aspects of decision making and to configure a set of connections between them and data visualization tools features. These connections may serve to investigate the strength of synergies between decision making activities and data management visualization, their effectiveness for data-driven decision making and the margin of improvements with respect to the current decision routines in enterprises. This study contributes to set the terrain for making a clearer picture of the strengths and weaknesses of data-driven decision making, to find implications for design of data visualization tools for supporting decision making activities, and to provide indications of how proactively data visualization toolboxes should run in the family at all decision levels and for each role in organizations
Between form and perform: the knowledge artifact in organizations and IT design
No full textKnowledge Artifact is an analytical construct by which analysts, researchers and designers from different disciplines usually denote those material objects that in organizations regard the creation, use, sharing and representation of knowledge. This makes this concept central to understanding organizational ecologies and to the design of IT artifacts that support the knowledge-related activities mentioned above. This paper aims to fill a gap in the existing IS literature by providing a conceptual mapping for the interpretation of the heterogeneous contributions on this concept in the specialist literature. Our findings suggest that currently this term denotes a multi-pole and open-ended definition, which several disciplines contribute to shape from their peculiar perspective and to their aims. That notwithstanding, it is possible to detect a spectrum of stances between two main extremes: one pole, which we denote as representational, focusing on knowledge as an "object per se", that is as something that can be either true or false, represented in formal ways, and be stored, transmitted and produced through computational inference; and another pole, which we denote as socially situated, focusing on knowledge as social practice, that is an epiphenomenon of a situated, context-dependent and performative interaction of human actors through and with "objects of knowing". Our study tries to gather complementary ideas of knowledge under a unifying model, which draws upon theories and reviews from many fields. Our main purpose is to shed light on the multiple ways these ideas can inform the "reification" of knowledge into IT artifacts, and investigate whether these seemingly irreconcilable positions can bring value to the IS design research
Human-data interaction in healthcare: acknowledging use-related chasms to design for a better health information
No full textIn this paper, we focus on an emerging strand of IT-oriented research, namely Human-Data Interaction (HDI) and on how this can be applied to healthcare. HDI regards both how humans create and use data by means of interactive systems, which can both assist and constrain them, as well as to passively collect and proactively generate data. Healthcare is a challenging arena to test the potential of HDI towards a new, user-centered perspective on how to support and assess data work, especially in current times where data are becoming increasingly big and many tools are available for the lay people, including doctors and nurses, to interact with health-related data. This paper is a contribution in the direction of considering healthcare data through the lens of HDI, and of framing data visualization tools in this strand of research, in order to let the subtler peculiarities among different kind of data and of their use emerge and be addressed accordingly. Our point is that doing so can promote the design of more usable tools that can support data work from a user-centered and data quality perspective
A Correspondence Repair Algorithm Based On Word Sense Disambiguation And Upper Ontologies
No full textA correspondence repair algorithm based on word sense disambiguation and upper ontologies
No full textIn an ideal world, an ontology matching algorithm should return all the correct correspondences (it should be complete) and should return no wrong correspondences (it should be correct). In the real world, no implemented ontology matching algorithm is both correct and complete. For this reason, repairing wrong correspondences in an ontology alignment is a very pressing need to obtain more accurate alignments. This paper discusses an automatic correspondence repair method that exploits both upper ontologies to provide informative context to concepts c ∈ o and c′ ∈ o′ belonging to an alignment a, and a context-based word sense disambiguation algorithm to assign c and c′ their correct meaning. This meaning is used to decide whether c and c′ are related, and to either keep or discard the correspondence ∈ a, namely, to repair a. The experiments carried on are presented and the obtained results are provided. The advantages of the approach we propose are confirmed by a total average gain of 11,5% in precision for the alignments repaired against a 2% total average erro
Putting open data to the test of life: conceptual schemas as a means to compare and measure social value
No full textIn a previous paper, we have investigated the different di- mensions of a classificatory framework suitable to support the assess- ment and benchmarking of the social value of open data initiatives. In this paper, we propose a methodology that compares and evaluates open data social value, and we apply it to the specific domain of hospital care. Through this case study we advocate that social value can be analyzed within a spectrum of measures going from intensional completeness to subjective meaning. We first suggest that open data made available on- line by an organization can be modelled in terms of the corresponding integrated conceptual schema, as a uniform construct. Then, a global schema is created with the integrated schemas, and intensional as well as extensional social value on data can be defined. Valuable information is then extracted from queries based on such constructs, and which may result useful in the different contexts and related needs that users may experience in the domain of health. Finally, we propose a psycho-metric questionnaire to assess the perceived value of the information extracted from open data schemas through the above queries, and applied to dif- ferent scenarios. In this way, we propose to compare and measure the social value of different open data initiatives, as it results from the anal- ysis of the information that can be modelled and extracted from their conceptual schemas, from the quality of their instances, and from the subjective perception of their valuable information in different contexts and for different needs
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