859 research outputs found
The relationship between depression and self-mutilation in adolescence
No full textPlan BThe importance of the relationship between depression and self-mutilation in the adolescent population is becoming more apparent. Analysis of these two variables demonstrates that they are correlated with one another in the adolescent population. The present study examines the relationship between depression and self-mutilation. Two scales, the Beck Depression Inventory II (Beck, 1996) and the Self-Harm Survey (Conterio, Lader, & Bloom, 1998) were administered to participants and the scores were correlated to determine whether a relationship existed between the two variables. Participants were residents from a residential treatment center for adolescents. Data analysis using Pearson’s r correlation coefficients were used to determine if there was a positive correlation between depression and self-mutilation. The t-test for independent means was utilized to determine if there was a difference between gender and self-mutilation, age and self-mutilation, as well as length of stay in the residential treatment facility and self-mutilation. The means and standard deviations were also determined for these variables. Statistical differences were indicated based on these findings. Implications of this study as well as recommendations for future studies on depression and self-mutilation were discussed in detail
An examination of some proposed correlates of depressive illness
No full textTen depressed subjects, ten recovered subjects and ten control subjects were assessed by the use of the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hostility Direction of Hostility Questionnaire, the Rotter Internal-External Control Scale and the Bene Anthony Family Relations Test. The depressed subjects differed significantly from the recovered and control group in the amount of hostility shown, and from the control group in the direction of hostility. Depressives did not differ significantly from the other two groups in their scores of the amount of internal control, nor in the way they perceived family relations in childhood. The results were seen to support Freud's and Bibring's theories concerning amount and direction of hostility. Rotter's internal-external control hypothesis could not be demonstrated. Nor did family feelings in childhood contribute to Bibring's theory of helplessness. The Family Relations Test was not able to distinguish between family relations of depressives and non- depressives
Early diagnosis of neuropathy in leprosy: comparing diagnostic tests in a large prospective study (the INFIR Cohort Study)
No full textBackgroundLeprosy is the most frequent treatable neuromuscular disease. Yet, every year, thousands of patients develop permanent peripheral nerve damage as a result of leprosy. Since early detection and treatment of neuropathy in leprosy has strong preventive potential, we conducted a cohort study to determine which test detects this neuropathy earliest.Methods and FindingsOne hundred and eighty-eight multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients were selected from a cohort of 303 and followed for 2 years after diagnosis. Nerve function was evaluated at each visit using nerve conduction (NC), quantitative thermal sensory testing and vibrometry, dynamometry, monofilament testing (MFT), and voluntary muscle testing (VMT). Study outcomes were sensory and motor impairment detected by MFT or VMT. Seventy-four of 188 patients (39%) had a reaction, neuritis, or new nerve function impairment (NFI) event during a 2-year follow-up. Sub-clinical neuropathy was extensive (20%–50%), even in patients who did not develop an outcome event. Sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes, compound motor action potential (CMAP) velocities, and warm detection thresholds (WDT) were most frequently affected, with SNAP impairment frequencies ranging from 30% (median) to 69% (sural). Velocity was impaired in up to 43% of motor nerves. WDTs were more frequently affected than cold detection thresholds (29% versus 13%, ulnar nerve). Impairment of SNC and warm perception often preceded deterioration in MF or VMT scores by 12 weeks or more.ConclusionsA large proportion of leprosy patients have subclinical neuropathy that was not evident when only MFT and VMT were used. SNC was the most frequently and earliest affected test, closely followed by WDT. They are promising tests for improving early detection of neuropathy, as they often became abnormal 12 weeks or more before an abnormal monofilament test. Changes in MFT and VMT score mirrored changes in neurophysiology, confirming their validity as screening tests.<br/
Somatic symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder from the DSM-IV: Associations with pathological worry and depression symptoms in a nonclinical sample
No full textThe present study investigates specificity of the six somatic symptoms that are associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), according to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. A nonclinical sample of 183 students provided severity ratings for (a) restlessness, (b) easily fatigued, (c) difficulty concentrating, (d) irritability, (e) muscle tension, and (f) sleep disturbance. In addition, they responded to questionnaires assessing pathological worry and depression symptoms. Partial correlations and multiple regression analyses indicated that only muscle tension showed a unique relation to pathological worry. In contrast, difficulty concentrating was exclusively related to depression symptoms. Present findings corroborate psychophysiological findings that elevated muscle tension is a specific characteristic of pathological worriers. Moreover, they suggest that the problem of unclear boundaries between GAD and major depression may be reduced if future revisions of the somatic symptom list for GAD emphasize muscle tension while de-emphasizing difficulty concentrating
Teaching adults to read better and faster : results from an experiment in Burkina Faso
No full textTwo cognitively oriented methods were tested in Burkina Faso to help illiterates learn to read more efficiently. These were (a) speeded reading of increasingly larger word units and (b) phonological awareness training to help connect letters to speech. Learners were given reading tests and a computerized reaction time test. Although the literacy courses were shortened by the arrival of rains and government delays, the piloted methods helped adults read better than those in the standard"control"classes. Learners enrolled in the experimental classes performed better on the outcome tests than did learners enrolled in control classes. Ninety percent of the possible comparisons between treatment classes and control classes favored classes receiving treatments, and 72 percent of the measurements in favor of treatments were statistically significant. The evidence suggests that phonological awareness training is particularly effective in situations where the training period was short, and that rapid reading was more advantageous in longer training situations. Overall, the results are indicative of the potential that scientifically backed methods have in making adult literacy instruction more effective. However, due to the short duration of the classes (3-4 months) learners apparently did not receive sufficient practice to consolidate skills. Literacy skills may still be prone to being forgotten if readers do not learn to read automatically and if opportunities to read are few.Curriculum&Instruction,Teaching and Learning,Nonformal Education,Primary Education,ICT Policy and Strategies,Nonformal Education,ICT Policy and Strategies,Primary Education,Teaching and Learning,Curriculum&Instruction
Creating an efficient financial system : challenges in a global economy
No full textFinancial sector development fosters economic growth and reduces poverty by widening and broadening access to finance and allocating society's savings more efficiently. The author first discusses three pillars on which sound and efficient financial systems are built: macroeconomic stability and effective and reliable contractual and informational frameworks. He then describes three different approaches to government involvement in the financial sector: the laissez-faire view, the market-failure view and the market-enabling view. Finally, the author analyzes the sequencing of financial sector reforms and discusses the benefits and challenges that emerging markets face when opening their financial systems to international capital markets.Banks&Banking Reform,Financial Intermediation,Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Economic Theory&Research,Insurance&Risk Mitigation
Worry, procrastination, and perfectionism: Differentiating amount of worry, pathological worry, anxiety, and depression
No full textThis study investigates features that differentiate worry from somatic anxiety and depression. Theoretical models of the worry process suggest that worry is closely related to procrastination. In addition, research on worry and elevated evidence requirements proposes a relationship between worry and perfectionism. Perfectionism, however, is multidimensional in nature. Moreover, previous research has linked procrastination and perfectionism mainly to anxiety and depression. Therefore, the relationship among worry, procrastination, and dimensions of perfectionism was investigated irt a sample of 180 students, controlling for anxiety and depression. Results show that worry had substantial correlations with procrastination and perfectionism, particularly with perfectionist concern over mistakes and doubts. Moreover, worry was related to parental criticism and expectations, but unrelated to excessively high personal standards. instead high-worriers reported to lower standards under stress. Partial correlations indicated that these correlations were specific for amount of worry, thus differentiating amount of worry, pathological worry, anxiety, and depression
Alcohol abuse and hopelessness scores in young adults
No full textPlan BAlcohol abuse among college students is a problem has direct effects on young adults’ personal, social, family, school, legal, and health status. Many suicide attempts involve alcohol, and individuals who have a history of severe alcohol abuse are at greater risk for suicide than the general population. The chronic and sedative effects of alcohol may have a direct effect on hopelessness in the college population. This study examines variance in hopelessness among young adults who differ in alcohol use. The relationship between hopelessness symptoms, as measured by the Beck’s Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and young adult alcohol abuse may have ramifications for prevention, treatment, and relapse programming for young adult alcohol abusers
Economic integration and the exchange rate regime: how damaging are currency crises?
No full textWe use consumer price data for 205 cities/regions in 21 countries to study deviations from the law-of-one-price before, during and after the major currency crises of the 1990s. We combine data from industrialised nations in North America (Unites States, Canada, Mexico), Europe (Germany, Italy, Spain and Portugal) and Asia (Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Australia) with corresponding data from emerging market economies in the South America (Argentine, Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia) and Asia (India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand). We confirm previous results that both distance and border explain a significant amount of relative price variation across different locations. We also find that currency attacks had major disintegration effects by significantly increasing these border effects, and by raising within country relative price dispersion in emerging market economies. These effects are found to be quite persistent since relative price volatility across emerging markets today is still significantly larger than a decade ago. JEL classification: F40, F4
Camp Foster, camp of the 8th Regiment & 6th Battery : O.N.G. Col. D. W. Thomas Comm. Gaylord's Grove near Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio /
No full textPerspective map not drawn to scale."Bird's-eye-view."Probably drawn by the author while serving in Ohio Volunteers during the Civil War.Title from complete copy in a patron's collection. DLCLC Civil War maps (2nd ed.) 319.
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