1,721,030 research outputs found
A multidisciplinary approach to squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck: What is new?
No full textPurpose of review: The aim of this article is to review progress in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (in the light of the most recent literature). Due to the complexity of the disease the multidisciplinary approach needs also a multidisciplinary knowledge which this review tries to summarize. Recent findings: The multidisciplinary treatment approach to the disease includes predictive and prognostic value of biomolecular and clinical factors, the role of induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemo-radiotherapy, new advances in postoperative treatment, treatment-related side-effects and their impact on patients' quality of life, new targeted therapies and treatment choice for incurable patients. Advances in other disciplines, such as radiation therapy and new imaging techniques, will be considered elsewhere in this journal. Summary: Major advances derived from the strategic use of different treatment and diagnostic modalities. The importance of a multidisciplinary team and knowledge in the approach of this disease should be stressed. Today, a multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment philosophy is the tool to guarantee the best treatment plan definition, to prevent and relieve treatment adverse effects with the ultimate goal to improve survival. © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Advances in the changing patterns of aetiology of head and neck cancers
No full textPurpose of review: Recent cumulated evidence suggests that factors other than those conventionally known may contribute to the development of head and neck cancer. In fact, a review of the most recent literature shows interesting advances in molecular epidemiology. Recent findings: Recent studies have pointed out the role both of exposure to carcinogens and of an inherited or acquired genetic susceptibility. A very broad mechanism by which gene families can be responsible for the disease has been depicted. This mechanism ranges from behaviour genes, which can regulate lifestyle habits, to metabolizing genes, DNA repair genes and cell cycle control genes. Summary: This review tries to summarize the most recent advances in the field of cancerogenesis in head and neck cancer. © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Is restoring platinum sensitivity the best goal for cetuximab in recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer? [15]
No full textHead and neck tumors other than squamous cell carcinoma
No full textPurpose of review: This review deals with classification and treatment of some rare nonsquamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Recent findings: Paranasal sinus tumor classification is under evaluation. Contrary to the past, the recent tendency is to build stage classifications on prognostic factors that mainly reflect limitations for adequate surgery, and not simply on dimensional criteria, which are more frequently used in TNM. Among sinonasal tract tumors new pathologic entities have been described. So far, little is known about their natural history and about the need to use pathologic classification to differentiate treatment. Recent advances in radiotherapeutic techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy, will probably have an impact on future treatment of paranasal sinus tumors. Several molecular targets (c-kit, HER-2/neu, androgen receptors) have been identified in salivary gland cancer. It is interesting to note that among different histotypes there is a trend toward a consistent expression of specific markers in specific cancers, suggesting a possible implication of them in the disease histogenesis. Not surprisingly these findings prompted clinical research with molecular targeted drugs. Summary: Nonsquamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck are rare neoplasms. A multidisciplinary team treatment plan is needed, in particular for skull base-located tumors. Salivary gland cancer displays several molecular targets that need to be investigated further. © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Thyroid cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
No full textThis ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines provide updated state-of-the-art recommendations on management of thyroid cancer (diagnosis, treatment and follow-up), compiled by a multidisciplinary author panel and accompanied by level of evidence and grade of recommendation, depending on the strength of supporting data and magnitude of benefit from particular intervention
A complete remission with androgen-deprivation therapy in a recurrent androgen recptor-expressing adenocarcinoma of the parotid gland [1]
No full textImmuno-oncology in head and neck squamous cell cancers: News from clinical trials, emerging predictive factors and unmet needs
No full textAccording to the new determinants of cancer immunity, head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) has to be considered as an immunogenic tumor for the relatively high number of somatic mutations giving rise to neoantigens recognized by T cell. HNSCC develop at a significant rate despite the antitumoral immune response indicating the existence of effective escape mechanisms. The lack of antigen presentation or co-stimulatory molecules required and immunosuppressive phenomena established by the tumor or the host microenvironment impair immune-mediated recognition and cancer control. Echoing the success in melanoma and NSCLC, strategies aimed to reverse this process and enhance the antitumor immunity are rapidly developing in HNSCC, as monotherapies, multidrug immunotherapies or associations with well-recognized treatments, like radiation and systemic therapies. According to the first published data, immunotherapy has shown promising results in the management of recurrent and metastatic (r/m) HNSCC. Anti-PD-1 blockers have been recently approved by US and EU regulatory agencies in this setting. The encouraging results in r/m HNSCC prompted the incorporation of this approach also in the treatment of locally advanced disease. However, the strategies for the rational and evidence-based combinations to maximize clinical benefit are only starting to emerge. In this view, knowing in depth the specific properties of HNSCC and the underlying immunological conditions of the bearing hosts is an essential step. The role of immune system in the development and the management of HNSCC, the main mechanisms of tumor escape and the most recent results from clinical trials will be discussed herein
Is PSA useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of parotid adenocarcinomas?
No full textWe report the case of a patient with Androgen's Receptor (AR) and PSA positive parotid adenocarcinoma, who developed skeletal and bone marrow lesions in presence of elevated seric PSA values (142 μg/L). The tumor cells infiltrating the bone marrow were found positive for both AR and PSA, mimicking clinical and immunohistochemical metastases from prostate cancer, which was definitively ruled out. These observations suggest that in salivary gland metastatic AR-positive carcinomas seric PSA evaluation might be useful for the disease monitoring. Androgen deprivation, previously reported as beneficial in a few cases, should be further investigated
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