323,252 research outputs found
Tensile testing of polymeric materials: a model-based approach to estimate the material strength without position sensor
No full textTensile testing probably represents the foremost important mechanical test that can performed
on materials. This characterization has great relevance on polymeric materials, where the
evaluation of the polymer goes beyond the pure chemical composition analysis. On the other
hand, chemical labs are not always equipped with complete tensile machines due to space and
budget constraints while often rely on much simpler machines usually provided with a
dynamometer only. In this contest, the goal of the work is to provide a useful and effective
method to estimate the stress–strain curve based only on force (and therefore the specimen
stress) data. Of course, to recover the missing information (i.e. the sample elongation, and thus
its strain) a suitable model of the tensile machine is needed to complement the dynamometer
measures. Throughout the paper the steps to achieve such a model are described, together with
an extensive experimental validation: firstly, we validated the method on metals which exhibit a
well-defined behaviour. Then, we selected three different polymeric materials (polyvinyl
alcohol, polydimethylsiloxane and natural rubber) in order to assess the performances of
proposed approach in estimating their stress–strain characteristics. The obtained results
confirmed the suitability and effectiveness of the proposed method in real-world applications
Gel Dosimetry
No full textThe purpose of radiation therapy (RT) is to cover tumor tissue homogeneously with a planned dose while minimizing the dose to the surrounding healthy tissue [...
Influence of saccharides on the dosimetric properties of PVA-GTA Fricke gels
No full textThe Fricke gels (FG) composition has been modified over the years in order to improve their dosimetric characteristic for spatial dose evaluation in radiotherapy. Some problems have limited the clinical use of FG and still represent significant challenges for the scientific community working in the field of gel dosimetry. With this study, the effects of saccharides like sucrose and glucose on the dosimetric properties of Fricke gels based on poly(vinyl-alcohol) (PVA) as gelling agent and glutaraldehyde (GTA) as cross-linker have been tested. The dose-response curves of PVA-GTA Fricke gel dosimeters prepared using different sucrose and glucose concentrations were investigated by optical absorbance measurements. The shape of the optical absorbance spectra of the gel dosimeters in the wavelength interval 360–720 nm have shown a slight dependence on the saccharides concentration and varied with the absorbed dose. The results demonstrated that the use of different concentrations of sucrose and glucose does not produce significant dosimetric consequences in the interval of linearity (0–16 Gy) of the dose-response curve of the PVA-GTA Fricke gel dosimeters
Pyrazolo-isothiazole dioxide: an interesting scaffold for the preparation of peptidomimetics
No full textThere are many examples in literature of peptidomimetics that incorporate a heterocycle scaffold into a peptide, or a peptide-like sequence. The pre-organization of peptide shape, via the introduction of a structural heterocyclic motif that imparts conformational restriction, can enhance binding and hence therapeutic potential.1
Hitherto the standard approach to combine heterocycles and peptides has been to functionalize the side chain or the N/C termini of an amino acid building block with the heterocyclic moiety.2 A few examples have been accomplished in which the heterocycles are part of the peptide backbone itself.3
By the way of a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between diazoacetates 2 and the high reactive double bond of the 3-amino isothiazole dioxide partner 1, the adducts 3 are obtained in high yield and complete regioselectivity.
The presence in compounds 3 of the carboxylic substituent and the pyrazole NH group can be exploited for coupling reaction with amino acids. By this way a peptide sequence can be generated characterized by the rigid planar geometry of the heterocyclic system favoring a particular orientation of the growing peptide chain (Figure).
Moreover the presence of the sulfonyl group as well as the NH group at C-3 is of interest. They can behave as hydrogen bond acceptor and donor, respectively, giving raise to interactions with proteins or other potential targets.
The synthesis of model peptidomimetics containing the heterocyclic scaffold, NMR analyses and computational studies are reported
Short peptides containing Norbornene amino acid (NRB): role of the NRB scaffold in self-assembly
No full textA number of papers report on spontaneous assembly of peptides into ordered nanostructures with a variety of morphologies and this number is still expanding.[1] Besides the numerous advantages of using peptides as building blocks for different types of nanostructures, some limitations are well-known such as a low stability in biological medium and their unstable conformation especially when they are short or medium-sized. The insertion of unnatural amino acids in the peptide sequences is a well-known tool to overcome these problems. Both theoretical and experimental studies on this subject have been published and, in particular, the group of Cα,-tetrasubstituted residues, in which the quaternary α-carbon is part of a ring has been the object of extensive investigation.[2] Notwithstanding this interest, studies on the self-assembly of short peptides containing cyclic Cα-tetrasubstituted amino acids are very rare.[3] The two diastereoisomeric pentapeptides AcAla-NRB-Ala-Aib-AlaNH2 1 and 2, containing the two enantiomers of the non-proteinogenic Cα-tetrasubstituted norbornene amino acid (NRB), were synthesized and their conformational analysis was performed. Interestingly, despite they are made of hydrophobic amino acids, they resulted insoluble in organic solvent, but completely soluble in water. The formation of supramolecular assemblies in water was assessed by TEM and DLS. Moreover, the stability of the aggregates in fetal bovine serum was evaluated and tested by DLS. A comparison between NRB containing peptides and other peptides containing cyclic and non-cyclic Cα-tetrasubstituted residues (i.e. Aib, Ac5AA) was done in order to better understand the role played by the NRB residue in aggregation phenomena
Nanoassemblies formed by ultrashort peptides for the vehiculation of hydrophobic molecules
No full textOver the last several decades, many papers report on spontaneous supramolecular assembly into ordered nanostructures with a variety of morphologies and this number is still expanding1. Among self-assembled supramolecules, peptides have attracted a great attention for biological applications due to their versatility and interesting chemical properties. In particular, our group is focused on the study of self-assembly of ultrashort peptides containing Cα-tetrasubstituted amino acids that are able to form soluble supramolecular structures in water, despite their hydrophobic nature2.
Here we present a short alanine (Ala), α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) based pentapeptide (Figure 1) that self-assemble into nanostructure having a spherical shape and a diameter around 300-400 nm (DLS results). These nanoassemblies could be exploited to vehiculate in an aqueous environment hydrophobic molecules, using encapsulation approach. As a proof of concept, we selected Curcumin, a polyphenol isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa. Curcumin is a fluorescent polyphenol with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic properties. On the other hand, it shows a very poor bioavailability in vivo, due to its low aqueous solubility and instability, rapid metabolism, and clearance, that definitely limits its use both as a nutraceutical and as a drug.
Fluorescence studies on curcumin loaded nanoaggregates show that the molecular interactions between Curcumin and the pentapeptide induce a blue shift and a change in the shape of the emission and absorption peaks of the fluorophore. The nature of these interactions is further being investigated with different techniques in order to demonstrate and explain the encapsulation process of hydrophobic molecules
Parisoschoenus bactrisae Constantino y Pardo-Locarno
No full text1. <i>Parisoschoenus bactrisae</i> Constantino y Pardo-Locarno, nueva especie <p> <b>Sinónimos:</b></p> <p> <i>Geraeus</i> sp. Jiménez et al. 1994.</p> <p> <i>Limnobaroides</i> Champion, 1908. Para el género.</p> <p> <i>Perisochoinus</i> Hustache, 1924. Para el género.</p> <p> <b>Nombre comune.</b> Barrenador gris del fruto de chontaduro.</p> <p> <b>Holotipo.</b> 1 ♂, COLOMBIA: Valle, Llano Bajo, Bajo Rio Anchicayá, a 100 m, 12-VII-2001, Luis M. Constantino <i>leg</i>. MEMB 25301, depositado en Museo Entomológico Marcial Benavides, Cenicafé, Chinchiná, Colombia. Alotipo: 1 ♀, COLOMBIA: Valle, Llano Bajo, Bajo Rio Anchicayá, a 100 m, 15-VII-2001, Luis M. Constantino <i>leg</i>. MEMB 25302, depositado en Museo Entomológico Marcial Benavides, Cenicafé, Chinchiná, Colombia.</p> <p> <b>Paratipos.</b> 5 ♂, COLOMBIA: Valle, Llano Bajo, Bajo Rio Anchicayá, a 100 m, 12-VII-2001, Luis M. Constantino <i>leg.,</i> depositado en Colección Familia Constantino, Cali, Colombia.</p> <p> <b>Descripción. Macho (Holotypus):</b> 3.4–3.6 mm de longitud (Fig. 1A). Cuerpo de color negro recubierto con escamas en forma de espátula de color gris en el abdomen y tórax, y de color pardo en el pronoto y los élitros, las del pronoto ubicadas en posición vertical, las de los élitros en posición oblicua y las del tórax y abdomen en posición lateral. Cabeza con rostrum de 1.73 mm de longitud, tan largo como el pronoto y la cabeza juntos, moderadamente recurvado hacia abajo, cubierto con setas pequeñas y 3 pares de estrías laterales longitudinales que se inician a ¾ de la longitud del rostrum. Cabeza pequeña, lisa, carente de setas, con poros en el área basal. Ojos compuestos grandes, de forma ovalada y color negro, con una línea de setas en el área basal. Antena con 11 segmentos, compuesta de la maza o parte apical con 3 segmentos ensanchados, seguida de 7 funículos de diámetro menor y el escapo o primer segmento basal corto y recto. Pronoto de forma triangular, más estrecho cerca de la cabeza y el doble de ancho en el área basal contiguo al tórax. Prosterno con un par de prominentes cuernos basales laterales de 1.1 mm de longitud, recurvados hacia arriba y aguzados en su extremo apical. Estos cuernos además de dimórficos presentan una condición alométrica, con individuos <i>minor</i> (<de 0.5 mm) e individuos <i>major</i> (cuernos largos de hasta 1.1 mm). Escutelo de forma triangular y pequeño, con una espina prominente recurvada hacia atrás, no presente en ninguna otra especie conocida de <i>Parisoschoenus</i> (Fig. 2D). Élitros más anchos en el área basal, con una curvatura en el área torácica abarcando el mesepimeron y el metepisternum.</p> <p>Cada élitro presenta siete estrías acanaladas, cada una con una serie de poros ondulados y alineados longitudinalmente, a lo largo del élitro, de cada poro se origina una escama en forma de raqueta. Abdomen con cinco segmentos recubiertos con escamas de color gris, gruesas, alineadas y ubicadas en posición lateral. Presentan dos órganos estriduladores, uno ubicado en el tergo del último segmento abdominal (pigidio) debajo de los élitros y otro descrito aquí por primera vez que se encuentra ubicado debajo del escutelo, el cual se introduce debajo del área basal de los élitros y suena cuando el insecto levanta y mueve el pronoto hacia atrás sobando el tergo cubierto de dientes ásperos sobre los élitros (Fig. 2F). Los demás machos (Paratypus) presentan tamaño y “facies” muy similares al holotypus.”</p> <p> <b>Hembra (Alotypus).</b> 4.96 mm de longitud, más grande que el macho (Fig.3A). Similar en apariencia al macho, pero carentes de cuernos prosternales. El rostrum mas ancho que el macho en el área basal, con estrías y poros solo en la base del pico hasta la mitad del rostrum, mientras que el área media después de la antena hasta el área apical es lisa y carente de poros. Pronoto más ancho y corpulento, con una leve curvatura en el área dorsal. Segmentos torácicos con setas más pequeñas que el macho y de color gris. La hembra carece de los cuernos prosternales típicos del macho (Figura 3B).</p> <p> <b>Etimología.</b> El epíteto específico hace alusión al género <i>Bactris,</i> al que pertenece la palma de chontaduro, ya que es el único hospedero en donde se ha encontrado esta especie de gorgojo.</p> <p> <b>Comparación con especies similares.</b> Esta particular especie de gorgojo se puede diferenciar de otras especies de los géneros <i>Parisoschoenus</i> y <i>Palmelampius</i> por la presencia de una espina curva sobre la base del escutelo, no presente en ninguna otra especie de <i>Parisoschoenus</i> ni de la tribu Baridinae (Marvaldi y Lanteri 2005; Davis 2011). Se diferencia de <i>P. expositus</i> Champion, 1908 (Fig. 1C) por el pronoto más ancho y alargado en <i>P. bactrisae</i>, corto en <i>P. expositus</i>; patas de color negro en <i>P. bactrisae</i>, pardo oscuro en <i>P. expositus</i>. Rostrum más curvo y ancho en <i>P. bactrisae</i>, levemente recurvado en <i>P. expositus</i>. En <i>P. flavolimbatus</i> de México presenta el cuerpo de color pardo y el rostrum mas largo y curvo. Igualmente se diferencia del barrenador negro pequeño del fruto de chontaduro <i>Palmelampius heinrichi</i> (Fig. 1D) por la presencia de cuernos prosternales y la forma del pronto, con las setas más densas, pequeñas y más separadas en <i>P. heinrichi.</i></p> <p> <b>Hábitat y comportamiento.</b> Habita la selva pluvial tropical en zonas cálidas entre 100 y 500 msnm asociado con palmas de chontaduro. Los machos de <i>P. bactrisae</i> utilizan los cuernos prosternales como armas para realizar</p> <p> batallas con otros machos para cortejar a las hembras que se encuentran perforando los frutos para ovipositar. El macho vencedor es el que finalmente se aparea con la hembra cortejada. Sobre este aspecto Eberhard y García (2000) estudiaron el comportamiento ritual de los machos de la especie <i>P. expositus</i> en Costa Rica sobre palma de aceite <i>Elaeis guianensis</i> Jacq. Otro aspecto presumiblemente importante en el ritual de apareamiento del macho de <i>P. bactrisae</i> consiste en sus dos juegos de órganos estriduladores, uno élitro-tergal ubicado en el tergo del último segmento abdominal (pigidio) debajo de los élitros (Rosado-Neto y dos Santos 2010) y el otro por primera vez descrito en este trabajo, ubicado debajo del escutelo y que funciona así como los instrumentos de percusión raspa-raspa cuando el macho levanta el pronoto y lo fricciona sobre la placa de dientes ubicada debajo del escutelo (Fig. 2F).</p> <p> <b>Distribución geográfica.</b> El barrenador gris del fruto de chontaduro <i>Parisoschoenus bactrisae</i> se tiene registrado en el litoral pacífico de Colombia, en los departamentos de Nariño, Cauca y Valle, en cultivos de chontaduro <i>Bactris gasipaes</i>. Desde la década de los años 90 había sido registrado como una especie no identificada del genero <i>Parisoschoenus</i>. Se ha registrado como barrenador del fruto de chontaduro en el litoral pacífico vallecaucano y chocoano, pero nunca se había podido criar a partir de frutos infestados para confirmar (Lehmann-Danzinger 1993; Constantino 1996; Pardo-Locarno 2019).</p> <p> <b>Biología y daños en frutos de chontaduro.</b> El daño que realiza la larva es similar al de <i>Palmelampius</i> O’Brien. Este se origina cuando el insecto en su estado adulto perfora con sus mandíbulas, ubicadas en el extremo del rostrum, el fruto para alimentarse y ovipositar. Los huevos colocados por la hembra en el interior del fruto eclosionan causando un barrenado y necrosis que estimula la caída prematura de estos, aún pequeños. La larva continúa su desarrollo y finalmente sale del fruto y empupa en el suelo para convertirse de nuevo en adulto y continuar el ciclo. El tiempo del ciclo desde huevo hasta adulto es de 25 días aproximadamente, similar en duración al de <i>P. heinrichi</i>. Esta investigación presenta la primera vez que se logra la entomocría de <i>P. bactrisae</i> y la obtención de adultos a partir de frutos de chontaduro infestados en campo. Al momento de realizar estas investigaciones, la incidencia porcentual de infestación de adultos de <i>P. bactrisae</i> que perforan frutos de chontaduro fué del 5% frente a 95% de <i>P. heinrichi</i>. Urge retomar los monitoreos para actualizar dicha proporción en Colombia y otros países productores de palma de chontaduro.</p>Published as part of <i>Constantino, Luis Miguel & Pardo-Locarno, Luis Carlos, 2020, Dos nuevas especies de gorgojos que barrenan los frutos de palma de chontaduro de los géneros Parisoschoenus y Cylindrocerus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae) de la costa pacífica de Colombia, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (812)</i> on pages 3-7, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4565477">10.5281/zenodo.4565477</a>
Position of the Czechoslovak Diplomacy in Locarno and the Consequences of the Locarno Conference for Czechoslovakia
No full textBakalářská práce se zabývá postavením československé diplomacie na konferenci v Locarnu v říjnu 1925 a důsledky locarnské konference pro Československo. Nastiňuje vývoj poválečné situace v Evropě a okolnosti, které ke konferenci vedly. Věnuje pozornost vzniku, počátečnímu vývoji a orientaci československé zahraniční politiky. Mapuje průběh konference z pohledu československé delegace a ministra zahraničí Edvarda Beneše prostřednictvím telegramů, které Beneš z Locarna posílal. Analyzuje dopad locarnských dohod na Československo z pohledu bezpečnostní situace na hranici s Německem. Závěr práce hledá odpovědi na otázku, zda bylo v silách československé delegace ovlivnit průběh konference a zvrátit její výsledky více ve svůj prospěch ve smyslu garancí našich hranic s Německem.ObhájenoThis bachelor thesis concerns with the status of Czechoslovakian diplomacy at the Conference of Locarno in October 1925 and the subsequent consequences that the Locarno Conference brought to Czechoslovakia. The thesis focuses on the evolution of the post-war situation in Europe and the circumstances that caused the conference. Addionally, this thesis is devoted to the origin, development and orientation of Czechoslovakian foreign policy. The course of the conference from the point of view of the Czechoslovakian delegation and Foreign Minister Edvard Beneš is described by the telegrams sent by Beneš from Locarno. Moreover, this work analyses the impact of the Locarno agreements for Czechoslovakia in the context of the security situation on the borders with Germany. The conclusion of this work is directed to answer the question, if could the Czechoslovakian delegation influenced the course of the conference and to change results towards the Czechoslovakian interests in the sense of securing the borders with Germany
Ancognatha veliae Pardo-Locarno, Gonzalez & Montoya-Lerma, 2006, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Ancognatha veliae</i> sp. nov. Pardo­Locarno, Gonzalez, and Montoya­Lerma <p> <b>Holotype:</b> Cerro del Inglés (The English Hill), 2400 m.a.s.l., Western Cordillera, San José del Palmar (4o45’47”N; 76o13’35”W), Chocó, Colombia, Collector: P. Silverstone, January 1987, (Botanical Expedition). Preserved at the Entomology Museum of the Universidad del Valle (MEUV), Cali, Colombia (Curator, C. E. Posso).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>: This species is most similar to <i>A. matilei</i> (Fig. 1, 2 b, 3b) and can be distinguished from this species by the following set of character states: clypeal apex elongate, truncate, with rounded angles; robust mandibles shorter than the clypeus; femora elongate, protruding laterally from the body in dorsal view; elytra densely punctured with transversal grooves; protarsomere 5 with interior border smooth; first abdominal sternite hidden by the metacoxae; pygidium with apical marginal bead simple; dorsum (except for head) shiny; aedeagus with parameres relatively short, broad at base, with apex truncate; parameres with lateral excavation conspicuous, posteriorly limited by a thin carina protruding from the caudal border (see Fig.3 a).</p> <p> <b>Holotype description. Male:</b> Body length 32 mm, body robust, shiny (Fig. 1). <i>Colour:</i> dorsally yellowish­brown with dark brown head and brown spots on each side of pronotum and elytral humerus (Fig. 1). Abdominal sternites dark yellowish­brown. <i>Head</i>: almost as wide as long, base broad, apex abruptly narrowed into a long clypeus with irregularly convex border. Clypeal apex quadrangular with rounded angles. Clypeus and frons densely punctate, punctures on the clypeus larger but reduced in size basally, frons grooved between eyes. Diameter of eyes approximately 0.25 times that of cephalic width; eyes surrounded by dark, circumocular depression. Frons unarmed; frontoclypeal suture grooved and slightly melanised, grooves deeper and sinuate near antennal insertion. Ocular canthus short, narrow, punctured, grooved. Mandibles protruding laterally from clypeus in dorsal view; long, but not reaching clypeal apex; base triangular (in dorsal view); apex acute, reflexed. Mentum emarginate apically; basal two­thirds strongly convex, bulky, with two convergent rows of long, stout setae. <i>Thorax</i>. Pronotum with disc strongly convex, almost rounded; surface punctate with large, slightly grooved punctures surrounded by fine, sparse punctures. Diameter of the large punctures ranging from 1/5 to 1/ 6 mm being 3 to 4 times as wide as fine punctures. Pronotum rounded laterally with dark, emarginated border; apical angles obtuse; apical border sinuate, especially at lateral edge. Pronotum basal border slightly sinuate. Prosternal process slightly lower than that of anterior coxae, apex expanded in a rounded process, ridged and transverse; border pubescent with long, robust seta. Base of the prosternal process with distinct posterior projection. <i>Legs</i>. Legs robust (Fig. 1, 2 a); femora elongate, protruding beyond body in dorsal view. Protibia robust, shiny, quadridentate, dorsally with row of setae; tridentate, second tooth wide, third smaller, situated at distal third; internal border carinate with row of setae, carina conspicuous proximally; protibia ventrally convex with longitudinal, pubescent carina extending from base to beyond midpoint; tarsal insertion beginning at transversal carina near apex. Protarsus robust (2a), first tarsomere short, tarsal claws large; apex of tarsomere 1 scarcely distinguishable under apical border of the tibia; tarsomere 3 partially directed beneath; tarsomere 4 with large lateral projection directed inside; tarsomere 5 long, internal border without teeth, dorsally microsurcated. Protarsal claw as long as tarsomere 5, twice as long as first four tarsomeres combined; unguitractor plate (including setae) as long as the smaller claw on protarsus. Mesotibia with external border, transversal carina weakly defined, apical notch slightly depressed, apex dentate (in transverse section), setae robust. Metatibia in transverse section with dentate, rectangular apex, first tarsomere as long as second. <i>Abdomen</i>. Scutellum glabrous, wide, with small elytral ridge at each side; scutellum disc punctate as in pronotum but with darker borders. Elytra 1.24 times longer than wide; widened, expanded medially; glabrous, slightly convex, somewhat flattened, with double ridge of punctures; disc with transverse grooves. Elytral suture dark, carina or row of punctures absent. Epipleuron dark with doubled border starting at humeral angle, continuing almost to posterior angle. First abdominal sternite almost hidden by metacoxa. Last abdominal segment with a row of thin setae bordering the anal opening. Pygidium shiny, brown, convex; with defined border elevated or superficial apically, diffuse basally; central disk slightly wrinkled with vertical grooves directed towards apex; lateral angles slightly wrinkled with micropunctures and few larger punctures; surface with narrow arch near apical border extending to lateral angles. Propygidium with sparse, short pubescence. <i>Aedeagus</i>: Relatively small compared with size and robustness of body. Parameres short, basally widened, apex truncated, lateral excavation pronounced but posteriorly limited by carina protruding from basal border (Fig. 3 a).</p> <p> <b>Paratype</b>: 1 male, same data as holotype. Paratype differs from holotype in the following respects: body length 34 mm. Head with transverse, melanised band between eyes; eyes bordered by melanised band; elytra 1.25 times longer than width. Female: unknown</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This species is dedicated to Mrs. Velia Yolanda Locarno, the mother of Luis Carlos Pardo­Locarno, the first author of this paper.</p> <p> <b>Habitat.</b> Tropical rain forest in Chocó is located at approximately 2400 m of altitude. The area corresponds to the Choco biogeographical region, one of the most biodiverse areas on the earth (Armbrecht <i>et al</i>. 2001).</p> <p> <b> Key to males of <i>Ancognatha</i> with elongate clypeus and mandibles</b> . Endrödi’s (1985) key has been modified below to accommodate <i>A. veliae</i> and <i>A. matilei</i>. The later species was described by Dechambre (2000).</p> <p>6 Mandibles as long as clypeus. Pronotum with large and fine punctures. Diameter of the large punctures ranging from 1/5 to 1/ 6 mm being 3 to 4 times as wide as the fine punctures. Protarsus elongate, protruding laterally beyond elytron in dorsal view.... 6a</p> <p> 6´Mandibles shorter than clypeus. Pronotum with small, sparse punctures. Protarsus not elongate............................................................................................. <i>A. horrida</i> Endrodi</p> <p> 6a Dorsum with black, yellow, reddish­yellow colouration; rarely with pronotum and elytra almost entirely black. Clypeal width twice that of length. Total length 15–20 mm <i>......................................................................................................... A. jamesoni</i> Murray</p> <p>6a´Dorsum yellow with only one small, elongate, black spot on humerus. Clypeal width less than twice that of length. Total length greater than 30 mm.................................. 6b</p> <p> 6b Clypeus rounded, mandibles as long as clypeus. Protarsomere 5 with internal edge dentate. Elytra not shiny, 1.5 times longer than wide. Pygidial ridge well defined apically <i>...................................................................................................... A. matilei</i> Dechambre</p> <p> 6b´Clypeus truncate, mandibles shorter than clypeus. Protarsomere 5 with internal edge not dentate. Elytra shiny, 1.25 times longer than wide. Pygidial ridge shallow apically <i>................................................. A</i>. <i>veliae</i> Pardo­Locarno, Gonzalez, & Montoya­Lerma</p>Published as part of <i>Pardo-Locarno, Luis Carlos, Gonzalez, Ranulfo & Montoya-Lerma, James, 2006, Ancognatha Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from Colombia, pp. 63-68 in Zootaxa 1139</i> on pages 64-67, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/172034">10.5281/zenodo.172034</a>
Peptidomimetics based on electrospun nanofibers
No full textElectrospinning is a simple and versatile technique used for the fabrication of continuous micro and nanofibers. This approach is inexpensive, scalable, reliable and mainly used from polymer solutions and polymer melts.
Recent studies have demonstrated that high molar mass polymers are not essential for production of uniform electrospun fibers but that sufficient intermolecular interactions acting as chain entanglements is the primary criterion.
A study on the electrospinnability of short peptide chains containing natural amino acids (Gly, Ala, Leu, Val) together with a heterocyclic scaffold properly functionalized, is here reported
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