1,720,967 research outputs found
Supporting Ukrainian refugees: examining intergroup contact, empathy and European identity in promoting helping behaviours
No full textThe escalation of the Russian–Ukrainian conflict has forced many Ukrainian people to leave their country seeking safety and support. To date, more than 6 million of refugees have crossed the borders into neighbouring countries. Nearly all European countries were involved in refugee-hosting, including Italy. In a cross-sectional study with Italian respondents (N = 338), we examined direct contact with and empathy towards Ukrainians and identification with Europe as predictors of helping behaviours towards Ukrainian refugees. Specifically, based on intergroup contact theory, we expected contact to be associated with helping behaviours via increased empathy. The European identity, rooted in values such as tolerance and egalitarianism can be seen as a common ingroup that includes people from various European countries, including Ukrainians. Consequently, it should be associated with helping behaviours, and could boost the effects of contact and empathy. As hypothesised, identification with Europe boosted the direct effect of contact on helping behaviours. Instead, the indirect effect of contact on helping behaviours via empathy was significant only among respondents with low Identification with Europe. This research highlights processes related to intergroup helping behaviours and, more specifically, participation in humanitarian initiatives favouring Ukrainian refugees
Stay humble and enjoy diversity: integrating intergroup contact and cultural humility to improve intergroup relations
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Imagine Being Humble: Integrating Imagined Intergroup Contact and Cultural Humility to Foster Inclusive Intergroup Relations
No full textTo reduce prejudice and to promote intergroup harmony and equality, the imagined intergroup contact technique, based on the mental simulation of an encounter with an outgroup member, has been proposed. Though a substantial body of research has provided support for the efficacy of imagined intergroup contact in prejudice reduction, an alternative strand of research has raised questions about its effectiveness. In this experiment, we combined imagined intergroup contact with cultural humility, that is, an other-oriented, humble approach toward people with different cultural backgrounds, recognizing status and power imbalances and privileges. Specifically, we tested whether instructions aimed at eliciting cultural humility during imagined contact boosted its effectiveness in reducing prejudice and promoting future contact intentions, compared to a standard imagined contact condition and to a control imagination task. Intergroup anxiety was tested as a mediator of the effects of culturally humble imagined contact on reduced prejudice and on future contact intentions. We found that culturally humble imagined contact, compared to the two other conditions, reduced intergroup anxiety and yielded indirect effects on reduced prejudice and increased future contact intentions. The findings will be discussed by focusing on the integration of cultural humility in prejudice reduction techniques based on intergroup contact
Stress lavoro-correlato tra le infermiere: gli effetti dei modi regolatori [Work-related stress among nurses: the effect of regulatory mode]
Get PDFRegulatory mode theory (Kru glanski et al., 2000) assumes the existence of two regulatory modes orientation: (1) assessment reflecting the propensity to evaluate goals and means and to find the best option; (2) locomotion concerning the tendency to move from a state to another. A relevant number of studies has examined the relationship between regulatory mode and organizational well-being. However, none of them allows any certain causal direction inference. Therefore, the aim of the present paper is to investigate the causal relationship between regulatory mode and stress by means of a two-wave longitudinal design. In the first phase, we recruited 120 nurses from an Italian hospital and obtained their scores on the Regulatory Mode Scale and their ratings of work stress; in the second phase, we asked the same participants to respond only to the work stress measure. Two separate multiple regression analyses were run to test the main effect of regulatory mode predominance (given by the subtraction of assessment from locomotion scores) on the two stress measures. In line with our predictions, the results showed that regulatory mode predominance predicted work stress both in the first and in the second phase. Implications, limitations and future directions for these findings are discussed
Conspiring under threats! An investigation of associations between COVID‐19 health and economic threats and conspiracy beliefs in Italy and Argentina
No full textTheory and research suggest that threats aroused by a given crisis lead to conspiracy beliefs. Although crises involve the arise of multiple threats (e.g., economic, safety, etc.) diversely affecting various needs and outcomes (i.e., cognition, emotion and behaviour), no research has yet focused on specific relations that different threats may have with the endorsement of conspiracy beliefs. In this study, we distinguished between health and economic threats aroused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and we tested their associations with conspiracy beliefs. Findings from two correlational studies conducted in Italy and Argentina showed that while COVID-19's economic threat was positively and consistently related to conspiracy beliefs, the relationship between COVID-19's health threat and conspiracy beliefs was negative and significant in the Italian sample and non-significant in the Argentinian sample. Results are discussed within the context of the effects of multiple threats elicited by crises on conspiracy beliefs
Practice benefits locomotors: regulatory mode complementarity and task performance
No full textLocomotion is the self-regulatory aspect concerned with movement from state to state, whereas assessment is the self-regulatory
aspect concerned with critical evaluation of options. Successful goal pursuit usually requires that both locomotion and assessment
work together; however, there may be situations in which such complementarity is unnecessary for optimal performance. In this
article, we aim to shed light on the circumstances in which locomotion and assessment complementarity are necessary for
adequate performance. In a two-part study, we find that high locomotion alone is sufficient to ensure optimal performance on
simple tasks. On complex tasks, however, both high locomotion and high assessment are necessary for optimal performance. We
also find that after individuals have had practice on a task, high locomotors are again the best performers, regardless of whether
the task is simple or complex. These findings have implications for work performance and goal pursuit more generally
Different strokes for different folks: effects of regulatory mode complementarity and task complexity on performance
No full textWeexamine howtask features interactwith individuals' regulatorymodes in determining performance. Effective
goal pursuit normally occurs when high locomotion (the regulatory mode concerned with motion from state to
state) and high assessment (the regulatorymode concerned with critical evaluation) work together (Kruglanski
et al., 2000). However, there may be situations inwhich this high–high combination is unnecessary or even detrimental
to good performance. We hypothesized that on simple tasks, high locomotion and low assessment
should lead to the best performance; on complex tasks, however, high locomotion and high assessment should
lead to the best performance.We tested these hypotheses in two empirical studies, one carried out in an organizational
setting, the other in the lab. In the first study,wemeasured individuals' locomotion and assessment tendencies,
asked them to rate the complexity of their daily work tasks, and obtained measures of their job
performance from their supervisors. In the second study, we measured individuals' locomotion and assessment
tendencies, manipulated the task complexity of an inbox task they had to complete, and measured their performance
on that task. Both studies provided support for our hypotheses. These results offer important insights regarding
the effects of regulatory mode on performance
Who’s most likely to get stressed and leave the company? Effects of regulatory mode on work stress and turnover intentions.
No full textRegulatory mode theory (Kruglanski et al., 2000) posits the existence of two independent regulatory mode orientations: locomotion and assessment. Locomotion reflects the tendency to move from one state to another, whereas assessment reflects the tendency to evaluate means and goals in an attempt to choose the best possible option. Past research has sought to identify the relationship between regulatory mode and well-being, however it has not been fully disclosed. To our knowledge, the present work is the first attempt to investigate the relationship between locomotion, assessment, and two important organizational outcomes: work stress and turnover intentions. We recruited employees from 24 Italian organizations, and obtained their individual scores on: the Regulatory Mode Scale (Kruglanski et al., 2000); ratings of work stress, and turnover intentions. Two separate moderated multiple regression analyses were run to test the main effects and the interactions of regulatory mode on the two outcome measures. In line with our predictions, the results revealed that assessment was positively associated with both work stress and turnover intentions, while locomotion was negatively associated with those variables. Using a mediated moderation analysis, we also found that the combination of high assessment and low locomotion was the best predictor of turnover intentions, and this relationship was mediated by work stress. We discuss implications, limitations, and future directions for these findings
A multilevel analysis of person-group regulatory-mode complementarity: the moderating role of group-task interdependence
No full textRegulatory mode is a psychological construct pertaining to the self-regulatory orientation of individuals or teams engaged in goal pursuit. Locomotion, the desire for continuous progress or movement in goal pursuit, and assessment, the desire to critically evaluate and compare among goals and means, are distinct regulatory modes.
However, they are also complementary, in that both locomotion and assessment are necessary for effective goal pursuit. In the present research, we sought to demonstrate that cross-level regulatory-mode complementarity (i.e., the combination of individual locomotion and group assessment, or individual assessment and group locomotion) can positively impact individual-level performance on goal-relevant tasks. More important, we aimed to show that this effect is moderated by task interdependence, such that the complementarity effect occurs only in the high-interdependence condition. We recruited employees (N 489) from pre-existing work teams (n 89) in organizations
in Italy, and obtained (a) employees’ individual-level scores on the Regulatory Mode Scale (Kruglanski et al., 2000), (b) employees’ ratings of task interdependence, and (c) employees’ work performance. The results generally supported our hypotheses regarding
the interaction between task interdependence and cross-level regulatory-mode complementarity on individual performance. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed
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