1,721,168 research outputs found
The influence of social media use on body image concerns
Full text linkInternet-based media and especially social networking sites differ from traditional media in that they al- low individuals to interact with their friends in their networks. Moreover, Internet-based media are easi- ly available on devices such as smartphones or tablets. Previous research has demonstrated that mass media contribute powerfully to an individual’s body dissatisfaction. To date, research on the effects re- lated to exposure to ‘newer’ forms of media, in particular social media on the Internet, is scarce. The purpose of the current study is to review the extant body of research dealing with the influence of social media on body image concerns, especially among adolescents. Adolescents, via the Internet, get access to different kinds of Internet-based media, such as social media (including social networking sites). Our results document the importance of idealized social media models—especially thin-ideal models for girls and muscular-ideal models for boys—in shaping the body perceptions of adolescents. However, the effects of pressure from social media on body image concerns in men need to be further investigated both in clinical and community samples
Metodologia e disegni di ricerca in psicologia clinica
No full textLa ricerca in psicologia clinica si è ampiamente sviluppata negli ultimi decenni con lo scopo di produrre delle conoscenze capaci di fare progredire il progresso scientifico della nostra disciplina e al contempo di favorire le implicazioni pratiche/applicative dei propri risultati. Come mostrato in questo capitolo, nel panorama contemporaneo non siamo in presenza di metodologie di serie A e di serie B e i vari metodi di ricerca, quantitativi e qualitativi, possono essere utilizzati in funzione delle domande e delle ipotesi che il ricercatore vuole indagare. Troppo a lungo si è dibattuto su presunte gerarchie di merito tra ricerca quantitativa e qualitativa o tra studi estensivi effettuati con ampi campioni di soggetti e ricerche su caso singolo. In estrema sintesi, potremmo affermare che oggi il compito del ricercatore in psicologia clinica è di effettuare studi di “buona qualità”, intesa come il frutto sia dell’applicazione di una corretta metodologia di ricerca, coerente con le ipotesi da verificare sia, parallelamente, della rilevanza clinica dei risultati emersi, cioè della loro capacità di incidere nella pratica professionale dello psicologo clinico. Il dialogo tra ricerca e pratica clinica potrà così proseguire in modo
sempre più arricchente e professionalizzante, consolidando le basi scientifiche della nostra disciplina
Binge eating and obesity
No full textDespite there being several pathways leading to
obesity [1], there is evidence that binge eating may
be an important contributor to its development [2].
Excessive food consumption without compensation
increases the risk for the development of obesity,
which in turn is associated with numerous complications [3]. Obesity has been found to develop several years after the onset of binge eating, and
individuals who were overweight prior to the onset
of binge eating tend to gain even more weight during adulthood [4].
Binge eating is defined as eating a larger amount
of food than normal during a short period of time
(within any 2‐hour period) and, during this time,
experiencing a loss of control over eating
Implementing group therapy for adults with substance use disorders: What research-based evidence?
No full textObjective: Group therapy is the most common form of treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). However, a research-practice gap has limited the implementation of group evidence-based treatments. This article aims to synthesize the best available evidence of the effectiveness of group psychotherapy for SUDs. Method: Building upon previous reviews and meta-analyses, we conducted a brief overview of the main outcome results of group models in SUD treatment, including cognitive behavioral therapy and psychoeducational groups, relapse prevention groups, group drug counseling, contingency management, and interpersonal process groups. Results: Results showed that there is substantial research evidence showing the efficacy of group therapy for SUD. Barriers limiting research on group therapy for SUD are highlighted. Moreover, some clinical resources are outlined that could possibly help clinicians provide group therapy for SUD. Conclusions: Group therapy is an effective therapy modality for treating adults with SUD. More research is needed on group effectiveness in relation to racial/ethnic underrepresented groups and gender and sexual minorities
ALL BONDS ARE NOT THE SAME: DIFFERENT STRUCTURAL LEVELS OF POSITIVE BONDING RELATIONSHIPS IN THERAPY GROUPS
No full textIntrapersonal split alliances were defined as discrepancies in how group members perceived their positive bonding relationships with the group leader, the other group members and the group-as-a-whole, and were related to group members’ outcome. Participants were 168 patients (116 women and 52 men) diagnosed as overweight or obese who participated in one of twenty, 12-session, therapy groups for weight management. Group members completed the Outcome Questionnaire-45 (OQ-45, Lambert et al., 2004) pre-and post-treatment and the Group Questionnaire (Krogel, et al., 2013) at an early, middle and late group session. Early, middle and late ratings were aggregated because bond scores were consistent across time. Two-level (members within groups), polynomial, multi-level regressions and response surface analyses were used to examine congruencies and discrepancies in ratings of positive bonding to the leader, group members and group-as-awhole. When positive bonds with the leader and bonds with the group members were congruent and when positive bonds with the group members and bonds with the group-as-a-whole were also congruent, there was greater symptom improvement. The findings show that, like interpersonal split alliances, intrapersonal alliances are harmful for treatment progress and need to be recognized and addressed by the group leader
The role of emotion dysregulation in adolescents’ problematic smartphone use: A study on adolescent/parents triads
No full textThe pervasive use of mobile phones among adolescents has led researchers to evaluate the role of parental characteristics in connection with their children's problematic smartphone use (PSU). The present study involved mother/father/adolescent triads and aimed to test a model examining the role of both parents' and adolescents' emotion dysregulation (ED) in predicting children's PSU. Two hundred and fifty-two adolescent (57.5% females; M age = 13.54, SD = 0.73)/mother (M age = 43.92, SD = 4.46)/father (M age = 47.60, SD = 5.10) triads provided measures of PSU and ED. Results from path model showed that, after controlling for adolescents' age and gender as well as for parents' age and low well-being, both adolescents' and parents' ED was related to their own PSU (intra-individual level). Contrary to hypotheses, no direct relation was found between either parents' and adolescent's PSU (inter-individual level). However, adolescents' ED mediated the relationship between mothers' emotion dysregulation and adolescents' PSU. The results demonstrate the importance of considering parents' level of ED when examining the link between PSU and ED among adolescents
Psychological distress and quality of life in ostomy patients with colorectal cancer: A systematic review of the literature
No full textIntroduction: This research examine the literature related to the psychological state and the quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer. In particular, this study investigates the alterations in patients who have undergone ostomy procedures (colostomy and/or ileostomy). Materials and methods: A systematic research was been carried out through the electronic databases PubMed and Psychinfo. After having identified 1289 scientific articles, a convenient sample of 12 studies were included in the research. Overall, all studies taken into analyses have shown how enterostomy affects the quality of life of stoma patients both after the formation of the stoma and the follow-up. Results: 12 studies examined have demonstrated that several factors influence the quality of life and psychological state. One of the major results was relate to changes in body appearance considered as a strong predictor of various psychological problems including anxiety, depression and distress. Conclusion: These results give healthcare professionals the opportunity to have a wider and clearer view on all aspects related to the quality of life of all patients affected by enterostomy and colorectal cancer
Factors affecting hesitancy to mrna and viral vector COVID-19 vaccines among college students in Italy
Full text linkVaccine hesitancy (VH) may be significant in jeopardizing efforts to mass containment of COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on a sample of 2667 Italian college students, before the COVID-19 vaccines became available for this age group (from 7 May to 31 May 2021). An online survey was created to obtain information about socio-demographic, health-related, and psychological factors linked to mRNA and viral vector COVID-19 vaccines. Statistically significant higher VH (30.4%) and vaccine resistance (12.2%) rates were found for viral vector than mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (7.2% and 1.0%, respectively; p < 0.001). Factors related to viral vector VH were partially different from those related to mRNA VH. Students with greater endorsement on conspiracy statements and negative attitudes toward the vaccine had higher odds of being vaccine-hesitant or-resistant. Students who had received a previous COVID-19 test and who scored higher on the agreeableness personality dimension had lower odds to be vaccine-hesitant or-resistant. The willingness to choose the vaccine was related to the viral vector but not to the mRNA VH. Taking into consideration the factors involved in vaccine hesitancy/resistance in college students could represent a key public health strategy to increase vaccine coverage and reduce viral spreading
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