6,291 research outputs found
Endothelial exposure to hypoxia induces Egr-1 expression involving PKC alpha-mediated Ras/Raf-1/ERK1/2 pathway
No full text[[abstract]]Hypoxia induces endothelial dysfunction that results in a series of cardiovascular injuries. Early growth response-1 (Egr-1) has been indicated as a common theme in vascular injury. Here we demonstrates that in bovine aortic endothelial cells (ECs) subjected to hypoxia (PO(2)approximate to 23 mmHg), rapidly increased Egr-1 mRNA expression which peaked within 30 min and decreased afterwards. Treatment of ECs with PD98059, a specific inhibitor to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK), inhibited this hypoxia-induced Egr-1 expression. The involvement of ERK pathway was further substantiated by the inhibition of Egr-1 promoter activities when ECs were co-transfected with a dominant negative mutant of Ras (RasN17), Raf-1 (Raf 301), or a catalytically inactive mutant of ERK2 (mERK). In addition, the hypoxia-induced transcriptional activity of Elk-1, an ERK substrate, was abolished by administration of PD98059. Addition of calphostin C, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, completely blocked the hypoxia-augmented Egr-1 expression. The likewise occurred while exposing ECs to D609 to inhibit phospholipase C and BAPTA/AM to chelate intracellular calcium. Hypoxia to ECs increased ERK phosphorylation within 10 min and which was abolished by administration of PD98095, calphostin C; and BAPTA/AM. Hypoxia triggered a transient translocation of PKC alpha from cytosol to membrane fraction concurrent with the association of PKC alpha to Raf-1. Involvement of PKC alpha in mediating ERK activation was further confirmed by the inhibition of ERK and the subsequent Egr-1 gene induction with antisense oligonucleotides to PKC alpha. These results indicate that ECs under hypoxia induce Egr-1 expression and this induction requires calcium, phospholipase C activation, and PKC alpha -mediated Ras/Raf-1/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Our finding support the importance of specific PKC isozyme linked to MAPK pathway in the regulation of endothelial responses to hypoxia.[[note]]SC
Recensiones [Revista de Historia Económica Año XIV Invierno 1996 n. 1 pp. 241-297]
Get PDFEditada en la Fundación Empresa PúblicaJordi Nadal y Jordi Catalán (eds.). La cara oculta de la industrialización española. La modernización de los sectores no líderes {siglos XIX y XX) (Por Miguel Martorell Linares).-- Blanca Sánchez Alonso. Las causas de la emigración española, 1880-1910 (Por Alan M. Taylor).-- Pedro Tedde de Lorca y Carlos Marichal (coords.). La formación de los bancos centrales en España y América Latina (Por Antonio Cubel).-- Josef M. Benaul, Jordi Calvei y Esteve Deu; Indústria i ciutat. Sabadell 1800-1980 (Por José Antonio Miranda Encarnación).-- Carlos Arenas Posadas (ed.). Industria y clases trabajadoras en la Sevilla del siglo XX (Por Ricardo M. Martín de la Guardia).-- Pegerto Saavedra. La vida cotidiana en la Galicia del Antiguo Régimen (Por Amparo Bejarano Rubio).-- Mauro Hernández Benítez. A la sombra de la Corona. Poder local y oligarquía urbana (Por Miguel Ángel Melón Jiménez).-- Carmen Sarasúa. Criados, nodrizas y amos. El servicio doméstico en la formación del mercado de trabajo madrileño, 1758-1868 (Por Esmeralda Ballesteros Doncel).-- Hilario Rodríguez de Gracia. Vivir y morir en Montilla. Actitudes económicas y sociales en el siglo XVII (Por Carlos Larrinaga Rodríguez).-- Enrioque Diez Sanz. La Tierra de Soria. Un universo campesino en la Castilla oriental del siglo xvi (Por Alfonso Rodríguez Grajera).-- Josep Bernabeu Mestre. Enfermedad y población. Introducción a los problemas y métodos de la epidemiología histórica (Por Abel F. Losada Alvarez).-- Herbert Klein. The American Finances of the Spanish Empire: Royal Income and Expenditures in México, Perú and Charcas, 1680-1809 (Por Carlos Marichal).-- Marcello Carmagnani. Estado y Mercado. La economía pública del liberalismo mexicano, 1850-1911 (Por Juan Carlos Sola Corbacho).-- Walther L. Bernecker. De agiotistas y empresarios. Entorno de la temprana industrialización mexicana (siglo XIX) (Por Juan Carlos Sola Corbacho).-- P. Scholliers y Vera Zamagni (eds.). Labour's Reward. Real Wages and Economic Change in 19th-and 29th-century Europe (Por Guillermo A. Pérez Sánchez).-- Pier Angelo Toninelli. Nascita de una nazione. Lo sviluppo económico degli Stati Uniti (1780-1914) (Por Gabriel Tortella Casares)Publicad
Effets de l’utilisation de l’acide pantothénique dans la ration du porc lourd italien
No full textForty-two pigs, 21 gilts and 21 barrows of similar weight and age, evenly divided into 3 groups of 14 subjects each, were fed, from 95 kg live weight (lw) till slaughtering (≈ 165 kg lw), the same basal diet containing either 10 (control C), or 60 (T1) or 110 ppm (T2) of pantothenic acid, as calcium pantothenate. At increasing dietary levels of vitamin B5, only numerical improvements (P>0.05) of lw gain, lean meat percentage and lean cuts took place, whereas total adipose cuts percentage decreased significantly (P<0.05). Meat colour parameters and pH were in no way affected by the dietary treatment
Relationship between running activity and LW/BW ratio and histological lung sections stained with Berlin blue.
No full text<p><b><i>A</i></b><b>.</b> Running activity of WT and DCM mice at 2 (left) and 3 months of age (right). Bars are mean±SD. <b><i>B</i></b><b>.</b> Relationship between running activity and LW/HW ratio in mice at approximately 3 months of age and average running activities in WT, DCM with high (>5 km/day, denoted “HI”) and low (<1 km/day, denoted “LO”) running activities (Left). Note that DCM mice (filled circles) with running activity of >5 km/day (HI) and all WT mice (open circles) showed similar LW/BW ratios, approximately 0.6% on average, whereas LW/BW ratios in all DCM mice with running activity of <1 km/day (LO) showed LW/BW ratios of >1%. <b><i>C</i></b><b>.</b> Representative images of Berlin blue-stained lung sections from WT and HI and LO groups of DCM mice. Berlin blue-positive macrophages are detected only in sections from DCM mice with low activity. Bar indicates 100 µm. Inset: enlarged image. <b><i>D.</i></b> Average numbers of Berlin blue-positive alveolar macrophages per field of view of 0.2×0.25 mm<sup>2</sup>. Error bars are mean±SD (<i>n</i> = 4–5).</p
Dynamic probing of nanoparticle stability in vivo: a liposomal model assessed using in situ microdialysis and optical imaging.
No full textLiver weights (LW), gross chemical composition and color parameters of livers from the two studied groups (n = 8 samples / group).
No full textLiver weights (LW), gross chemical composition and color parameters of livers from the two studied groups (n = 8 samples / group).</p
Inflation persistence and optimal monetary policy in the euro area
Get PDFIn this paper we present supporting evidence of the existence of heterogeneity in inflation dynamics across euro area countries. Based on the estimation of New Phillips Curves for five major countries of the euro area, we find that there is significant inertial (backward looking) behavior in inflation in four of them, while inflation in Germany has a dominat forward looking component. We then present an optimizing agent model for the area emphasizing the hetergeneity in inflation persistence across regions. Allowing for such a backward looking component will affect the evaluation of the degree of nominal rigidities relevant for the monetary policy design. We explore the welfare implications of this circumstance by comparing the adjustment of the economies and the area as a whole in response to terms-of-trade shocks under four monetary policy rules: fully optimal, optimal inflation targeting, HICP targeting and output gap stabilization. JEL Classification: E52, E58currency areas, Inflation Dynamics, optimal monetary policy
Effects of Pig Dietary n-6/n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Ratio and Gender on Carcass Traits, Fatty Acid Profiles, Nutritional Indices of Lipid Depots and Oxidative Stability of Meat in Medium–Heavy Pigs
Get PDFThe effects of different dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratios and gender on key carcass traits, as well as the nutritional and technological quality of lipids in medium–heavy pig tissues have been poorly studied. To investigate the subject, 24 Large White, barrows and gilts, evenly divided into two groups of 12, were fed from 80 kg of live-weight (LW) until slaughter at 150 kg LW, either a high (9.7:1) (HPR) or low (1.4:1) (LPR) dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio. On individual samples of longissimus thoracis muscle (LTM), subcutaneous (SF) and perirenal (PF) adipose tissues (ATs), the fatty acid (FA) composition was determined by gas chromatography, and lipid nutritional indices (LNIs) were calculated. The oxidative stability of meat was evaluated by determining the
malondialdehyde content on raw and cooked (24 h postmortem) and refrigerated (8 days postmortem) LTM samples. The carcass traits did not vary between genders and diets. The LPR group showed a higher n-3 PUFA level and a lower n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in all the tissues examined and better LNI, especially in the ATs. Diet did not affect the oxidative stability of meat. Gender did not influence the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, while barrows showed improvements in some LNI in ATs. Reducing the n-6/n-3 ratio in the diet of growing–finishing medium–heavy pigs improved the FA profile in all tissues and most LNI in ATs without impairing the oxidative stability of meat
Effect of pantothenic acid level in the diet of the finishing heavy pig on carcass and meat quality traits
No full textThis study investigated the effect of vitamin B5 dietary level on carcass and meat quality characteristics in the heavy pig. To this aim, 42 pigs, 21 gilts and 21 barrows, of similar weight and age, evenly divided into 3 groups of 14 subjects each, were fed, from approx. 95 kg live weight (lw) till slaughtering (around 165 kg lw), the same basal diet containing either 10 (control, C), or 60 (T1), or 110 ppm (T2) pantothenic acid. At increasing dietary levels of vitamin B5, only numerical improvements of lean meat and lean cuts percentages were observed, whereas total adipose cuts, backfat and jowl percentages decreased (P<0.05). Ham characteristics and meat quality traits, such as colour, pH, intramuscular fat and protein contents, were not affected by the dietary treatment
Influence of genetic type, live weight at slaughter and carcass fatness on fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue of raw ham in the heavy pig
No full textThe study aimed to assess some quality traits of the subcutaneous adipose tissue of raw ham for Parma production, obtained from 56 traditional Landrace x Large White (L x LW) and 56 Cotswold commercial hybrid (CH) pigs reared in the same conditions and slaughtered at an average live weight (l.w.) of about 165 kg. Further, the relationships between lipid composition, 1.w. and carcass fatness were studied. Compared to the CH, the fatty tissue of L x LW pigs showed a lower water (6.33% vs. 7.35%, P<0.01) and a higher lipid (91.18% vs. 90.18%, P<0.01) content. CH lipids had higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (16.53% vs. 13.75%, P<0.01), and smaller saturated fatty acids (38.20% vs. 40.26%, P<0.01) content and a higher iodine value (69.69 vs. 65.22, P<0.01). An increased slaughter weight was associated with a lower degree of lipid unsaturation, but only the lowest weight class (<160 kg) showed a significant difference compared to the other two classes (greater than or equal to160<170 and greater than or equal to170 kg). Regardless of genetic type or l.w. class, an increase in backfat thickness is associated with an increase in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and a remarkable reduction in polyunsaturated content
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