1,720,977 research outputs found
Development of a screen printable carbon paste to achieve washable conductive textiles
No full textConductive tracks are key constituents of wearable electronics and e-textiles, as they form the interconnective links between wearable electrical devices/systems. They are made by coating or printing conductive patterns or tracks on textiles or by weaving, knitting, or embroidering conductive yarns into textiles. Screen printing is a mature and cost-effective fabrication method that is used in the textile industry. It allows a high degree of geometric freedom for the design of conductive patterns or tracks. Current screen-printed conductive textiles have the limitations of low durability when washed or when placed under bending, and they typically require encapsulation layers to protect the printed conductor. This paper presents a printable paste formulation and fabrication process based on screen printing for achieving a flexible and durable conductive polyester-cotton textile using an inexpensive carbon as the conductor. The process does not require an interface, the smoothing of the textile, or an encapsulation layer to protect the conductor on the textile. A resistivity of 4 × 10−2 Ω·m was achieved. The textile remains conductive after 20 standard washes, resulting in the conductor’s resistance increasing by 140%. The conductive textile demonstrated less than ±10% resistance variation after bending for 2000 cycles<br/
Dataset in support of the conference paper : Fully printed wearable electrode textile for electrotherapy application
No full textDataset to accompany the conference paper: Liu, M., Glanc-Gostkiewicz, M., Beeby, S., & Yang, K. 'Fully Printed Wearable Electrode Textile for Electrotherapy Application'. In MDPI proceedings
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Electrode for wearable electrotherapy
No full textAn electrode is a fundamental element used in many electrotherapy devices. This work presents a novel dry electrode made from carbon and silicone rubber materials for wearable electrotherapy applications. The electrode was mixed using a speed mixer and fabricated using stencil printing. This paper investigates the resistivity change of the electrode under the pressure from 0 mmHg to 32.4 mmHg; and the skin–electrode impendence with the current frequency from 20 Hz to 10,000 Hz. The resistivity of the novel dry electrode is 24.6 ± 1.5 Ω∙m when the pressure on electrode is 17.7 mmHg. The skin–electrode impedance reduced from 1001.6 Ω to 145.3 Ω when the frequency increased from 20 Hz to 10,000 Hz
Fully printed wearable electrode textile for electrotherapy application
No full textElectrotherapy is a common therapeutic treatment used in pain relief. This paper presents the materials and fabrication methods used to manufacture an electrode textile for electrotherapy application. The Young’s modulus of the electrode is 0.22 MPa. The electrode textile consists of conductive tracks sandwiched between an interface layer and an encapsulation layer, and an electrode layer printed directly on top of the conductive grid patterns. The interface, conductive silver, and encapsulation layers were directly printed on fabric using screen printing. The electrode layer was printed using stencil printing. The electrode textile can survive 10,000 bending cycles around a cylinder with a diameter of 30 mm and 20 washes in a commercial washing machine
Smart textile with integrated functional electrical stimulation and movement sensor for hand exercise
No full textStroke is the leading cause of adult movement disability, affecting 1.3 million people in the UK and 101 million people worldwide. Two thirds of stroke survivors have a weak upper limb affecting their independence and quali-ty of life. This work presents the user needs in stroke rehabilitation identified through focus group studies and 1:1 interviews. To address the usability issue of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) products used in stroke rehabilitation, we have developed a smart textile based electrode sleeve that allows users to use the FES device independently. Different textile materials (cotton, wool, Lycra) have been used in knitting a textile to achieve user comfort and the elasticity required to hold the electrodes in place. A sleeve assembly method has been developed to allow one-hand donning/doffing. Hand extension has been achieved by using a two-electrode FES system. The wrist bending angle was measured using two inertial measurement units (IMU). The bending angle and the user comfort achieved by the smart fabric electrodes and hydrogel electrodes are compared confirming that the fabric electrodes can be used to replace the hydrogel electrodes currently used in FES applications
Design and development of a stretchable electronic textile and its application in a knee sleeve targeting wearable pain management
No full textThis paper presents the development of a stretchable electronic textile (e-textile) and the design of a knee sleeve with integrated electrodes for wearable applications. The e-textile is achieved by laminating a printed conductive pattern onto knitted fabric, followed by printing a carbon rubber electrode layer on top of the conductive pads of the conductive pattern. The Young’s modulus of two knitted stretchable fabrics, made of different textile yarns, is tested and their impact on the e-textile and garment properties is discussed. Four printed conductive track designs in the form of a straight line, a sine wave, a half circle, and a horseshoe are laminated on these fabrics. The four designs are investigated in terms of conductivity, change during stretching, relaxation after stretching, and wash durability. A snap connector, attached to each end of the conductive tracks, provides electronic interconnection. The e-textiles survive 100 wash cycles with a resultant maximum resistance increase of 1.44 times. A fitted knee sleeve, for use in wearable electrotherapy for knee joint pain management, is fabricated by laminating a conductive track in the optimal sinusoidal design and then printing carbon rubber electrodes on top
Design and development of an e-textile sock for the monitoring of distress in people with dementia
No full textDementia, a condition affecting over 55 million people globally, impairs cognitive function and presents challenges in patient care. Wearable technologies are increasingly being used to monitor the health and wellbeing of individuals with dementia, providing non-intrusive methods for detecting physiological changes before behavioural symptoms escalate. Building on previous research and development conducted by the industrial partner, Milbotix Ltd., this work presents the design and development of an e-textile smart sock incorporating knitted electrodes suitable for early distress detection in individuals with dementia. Using Shima Seiki WHOLEGARMENT® technology, the sock integrates silver-coated conductive yarns to measure changes in electrodermal activity (EDA), a marker of physiological arousal. The study investigates various yarns and knitting structures to create insulated electrodes that remain stable during washing and provide adequate compression to ensure reliable contact between the electrodes and skin
Electronic textiles based wearable electrotherapy for pain relief
Full text linkElectrotherapy is a common therapeutic treatment used to provide pain relief. The device delivers a mild level of current via electrodes positioned on the skin to interfere with the pain signal and stimulate the release of the body’s own natural painkiller to reduce the pain. This paper presents the materials and fabrication methods used to manufacture a textile based wearable electronic textile (e-textile) with electrodes embedded for joint pain relief. The electrode is made by three functional layers including textile layer, conductive layer, and electrode layer. An electronic control has been developed to deliver interferential therapy. The e-sleeve has been designed and developed alongside patient and public input and tested on six volunteers with self-reported knee joint pain. Four out of six volunteers reported noticeable pain reduction on using the e-textile. The wearable e-textile demonstrated no adverse effects and pilot evidence suggests this has the potential to be a comfortable and easy to use solution for pain relief for people living with osteoarthritis knee joint pain
An All Dispenser Printed Electrode Structure on Textile for Wearable Healthcare
No full textThis paper presents a dispenser printed electrode array on polyester/cotton fabric. The fabrication details needed to achieve the array, including the materials and printer set-up, are reported. The array consists of ten electrode elements for functional electrical stimulation (FES), including nine active electrodes and one common return electrode. The minimum gap between conductive tracks of 1 mm required for the design was achieved. The fabrication method can be used to tailor the electrode array to fit a wide variety of healthcare applications and an individual’s requirements for personalized healthcare
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