471 research outputs found
Association of late childbearing with healthy longevity among the oldest-old in China
No full textStatistical analysis of a large and unique longitudinal data set demonstrates that late childbearing after age 35 or 40 is significantly associated with survival and healthy survival among very old Chinese women and men. The association is stronger in oldest-old women than men. The estimates are adjusted for a variety of confounding factors of demographic characteristics, family support, social connections, health practices, and health conditions. Further analysis based on an extension of the Fixed Attribute Dynamics method shows that late childbearing is positively associated with long-term survival and healthy survival from ages 80-85 to 90-95 and 100-105. This association exists among oldest-old women and men, but, again, the effects are substantially stronger in women than men. We discuss four possible factors which may explain why late childbearing affects healthy longevity at advanced ages: (1) social factors; (2) biological changes caused by late pregnancy and delivery; (3) genetic and other biological characteristics; and (4) selection.
The psychosocial benefits of providing non-kin childcare in older adults: A longitudinal study with older New Zealanders
No full text© The Author(s) 2019. Community grandparenting may promote the well-being of older adults. We examined the impact of non-kin and grandparental childcare on quality of life and loneliness using longitudinal data from 2653 older New Zealanders collected over 2 years. Providing both non-kin and grandparental childcare predicted greater self-realisation for women only and was associated with reduced levels of control and autonomy for men. Non-kin childcare was also associated with reduced social loneliness over time independent of gender. Findings suggest that non-kin grandparenting has psychosocial benefits for older adults. Surrogate grandparenting offers promising avenues for those without grandchildren to experience the benefits of grandparenting
A Need for Supportive Structure for Next-of-Kin Caregivers in Botswana
No full textAbstract Author: Leah Dahlgren Title: A Need for Supportive Structures for Next-of-kin Caregivers SIMV07, Master's Thesis (Two Years) in Social Studies of Gender Supervisor: Bodil Rasmunsson Lund University Department of Social Work Spring Term 2012 Botswana is one of the countries struggling with the control of HIV/AIDS pandemic. Due to the increase in numbers of sick people weighing financially on the health system, the government has introduced home-based care policy. The policy is characterized by the reliance on family members for the care of people with AIDS-related sicknesses and this care is mostly given by women, adding to an increase in their existing unpaid care work. This thesis explores the experiences of the next-of-kin women giving care to people with AIDS-related sicknesses in Botswana under the home-based care policy. The theories applied in the thesis include social role theory to understand the reasons why more women than men are caregivers; the concept of the situated knowledge in feminist standpoints to understand the how the women see their roles as caregivers; and gender perspective connected to poverty and care giving as more women are forced to continue to spend time in unpaid employment. Through the analysis of the interviews, the conclusion is that while the next-of-kin caregivers have to take on the increased burden of giving care for their sick relatives there is lack of supportive structures for both the sick persons and their caregivers to turn to for help. The author shows that the next-of-kin caregivers are unable of taking any kind of employment and therefore continue to live in poverty. The conclusion is even that there is a need for financial support, active support from the health care department and constructive support from the social services aimed at the next-of-kin caregivers in their daily work. Keywords: Supportive structures, caregivers, home-based care, social roles, poverty, Botswana and feminist standpoints
Families as Care-Providers versus Care-Managers? Gender and Type of Care in a Sample of Employed Canadians
No full textThis article extends previous research by examining care management as a distinct type of informal care. Using data drawn from a large Canadian study of work and family, the research is based on a study of a sub-sample of women (1068) and men (805) who were employed full-time and who had provided help to an elderly relative during the six month period preceding the interview. Results indicate that managerial care is a meaningful construct that denotes a distinct type of care. Most commonly, individuals combine managerial care with other types of assistance. Managerial care is a very common activity among caregivers and usually involves aspects of care other than arranging for formal services. Managerial care has an adverse impact on job costs and personal costs, and, among women, is associated with greater stress.elderly; caregiving
Families as Care-Providers versus Care-Managers? Gender and Type of Care in a Sample of Employed Canadians
No full textThis article extends previous research by examining care management as a distinct type of informal care. Using data drawn from a large Canadian study of work and family, the research is based on a study of a sub-sample of women (1068) and men (805) who were employed full-time and who had provided help to an elderly relative during the six month period preceding the interview. Results indicate that managerial care is a meaningful construct that denotes a distinct type of care. Most commonly, individuals combine managerial care with other types of assistance. Managerial care is a very common activity among caregivers and usually involves aspects of care other than arranging for formal services. Managerial care has an adverse impact on job costs and personal costs, and, among women, is associated with greater stress.elderly; caregiving
The effects of pubertal timing and dominance on the mating strategy, appearance and behaviour of men
No full textPubertal timing is a human life history variable representing a trade-off between early reproduction and continued growth. Dominance is an important feature to male mate value. These two variables should have far-reaching effects on adult male life. Chapter 1 reviews evolution, r/K selection and life history theory to derive hypotheses concerning variation in male mating strategy. Chapters 2-4 investigate the effects of pubertal timing and dominance on mating strategy using sociosexual orientation and preferences for faces and mate characteristics. Both early puberty and high dominance associate with unrestricted sociosexuality (increased interest in casual sex) as predicted. Dominance is shown to relate to preferences for cues of sociosexuality but not femininity, while pubertal timing relates to neither facial characteristic. Earlier and later developing men do not differ in their mate characteristic preferences, while dominant men exhibit enhanced female-typical mate preferences counter to predictions. A dominance-dependent, dual, male mating strategy is proposed to account for results. Chapter 5 introduces sensitivity to putative human pheromones as an indicator of mating strategy. Dominant men are found to be more sensitive to and more averse to a putative female pheromone. Pubertal timing has no effect on sensitivity. Results are interpreted in terms of dominant male avoidance of infertile matings.
Chapter 6 finds that early puberty associates with facial masculinity, attractiveness and apparent age. Chapter 7 offers a hormonal underpinning of effects related to pubertal timing, showing that early development associates with higher levels of testosterone in men. Chapter 8 uses digit length ratios to show that early developing men may have been exposed to greater levels of uterine testosterone, suggesting prenatal influences on male pubertal timing. Chapter 9 shows dominance associates with bodily, vocal and general attractiveness but not facial attractiveness. Chapter 10 reports that dominance associates with high levels of the stress hormone cortisol, suggesting costs of high dominance. Chapter 11 shows early pubertal timing relates to the visual appearance of skin, perhaps because of lower sebum production among early developing men, leading to them having darker, less reflective skin. This may reflect accelerated ageing of early developing males, potentially representing a cost to longevity
Correction until second order of ground state energy and wave function of hydrogen atom caused by Stark effect in three dimensional
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