281 research outputs found
Shifting Urbanity: Urban experiment on walkability and traffic efficiency, the case of Amsterdam Centrum in the automated era
No full textAmsterdam Centrum has been suffering from the spatial competition between overcrowded pedestrian visitors and busy vehicular flows. Application of automated vehicles is a historic opportunity to reclaim the streets for people and change the predicament of the downtown. The thesis focuses on the relationship between walkability and traffic efficiency in Amsterdam Centrum, aiming to maximize the viability and vitality of the city center in the automated era. The whole project, from research to design, is an urban experiment on walkable and efficient-functional city centers. Scenario building is the core approach that has linked research with design. Also, it is a bridge to connect the existing reality with future reality. First, the theoretical study of walkability and traffic efficiency provides the objects for analytical research of Amsterdam. It also helps to select the driving forces for scenario building. Second, theories about viability and vitality provide the evaluation materials for scenario assessment. And the urban design is the continuation of selected scenarios. The key idea of the final design is the movable programme, which means urban functions/human activities can travel in the city like automated vehicles. In the final, the project presents a dynamic urban system and flexible streetscape. It reshapes the relationship between walkability and traffic efficiency by redefining the meaning of city centers and public street with emphasizing on time dimensionArchitecture, Urbanism and Building Science
Long-term effects of total vs. partial pancreatectomy among patients with pancreatic cancer: a population-based study
No full textBACKGROUND: Total pancreatectomy (TP) for pancreatic cancer (PC) has been limited historically for fear of elevated perioperative morbidity and mortality. With advances in perioperative care, TP may be an alternative option to partial pancreatectomy (PP). Limited evidence clarified the indication for these two procedures in PC patients, especially in patients with different tumor staging and location. Thus, this study aims to compare the outcomes after TP and PP for PCs of different T stages and locations. METHODS: The study identified 14,456 PC patients with potentially curable primary tumor (T1–3) who received TP or PP from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database during 2000 to 2016. Detailed clinical and tumor covariates were all collected. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were the primary endpoints of interest in this study. OS and CSS were compared between patients after TP and PP using log-rank analysis. RESULTS: For all patients, except for tumor location, TP group was comparable to the PP group. OS and CSS of the TP group were worse than of the PP group (median OS: 19 vs. 20 months, P=0.0058; median CSS: 24 vs. 26 months, P=0.00098, respectively). In stratifying analyses, TP was significantly related to worse OS and CSS than PP in pancreatic head and neck cancer patients with T2-stage tumors (median OS: 18 vs. 19 months, P=0.0016; median CSS: 22 vs. 24 months, P=0.00055, respectively), whereas for patients with T1- or T3-stage pancreatic head and neck cancer as well as T1- to T3-stage pancreatic body and tail cancer or overlapping location cancer, OS and CSS of the two groups were similar (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with PP, TP offered worse prognosis in pancreatic head and neck cancer patients with T2-stage tumors, furthermore, TP and PP achieved comparable prognosis in patients with T1- or T3-stage pancreatic head and neck cancer as well as T1- to T3-stage pancreatic body and tail cancer or overlapping location cancer
Chemical Reduction of Intrinsic Defects in Thicker Heterojunction Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
No full textMinimization of defects in absorber materials is essential for hybrid perovskite solar cells, especially when constructing thick polycrystalline layers in a planar configuration. Here, a simple methylamine solution-based additive is reported to improve film quality with nearly an order of magnitude reduction in intrinsic defect concentration. In the resultant film, an increase in carrier lifetime as a result of a decrease in shallow electronic disorder is observed. This superior crystalline film quality is further evidenced via a doubled spin relaxation time as compared with other reports. Bearing sufficient carrier diffusion length, a thick absorber layer (approximate to 650 nm) is implemented in planar devices to achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.02% with a stabilized output efficiency of 19.01% under one sun illumination. This work demonstrates a simple approach to improve hybrid perovskite film quality by substantial reduction of intrinsic defects for wide applications in optoelectronics.National Natural Science Foundation of China [51672008, 51673025]; Young Talent Thousand Program; ENN Group; NSFC [11404324]SCI(E)ARTICLE232
, 062007 (2021)]
No full textThis article was originally published online on 17 June 2021 with an error in the author list. Alan Chen Hou Tsang should have appeared as Alan Cheng Hou Tsang. The author list is correct as it appears above. All online versions of the article were corrected on 18 June 2012; the article is correct as it appears in the printed version of the journal
Prospect for Bismuth/Antimony Chalcohalides‐Based Solar Cells
No full text[EN] Inorganic-organic hybrid lead halide perovskites are emerging optoelectronic materials for solar cell application. However, the toxicity concerns and poor stability largely hamper their practical applications. For these reasons, the search for "perovskite-inspired" alternatives, having the same advantages but overcoming the drawbacks of the lead-based one, has become an important sector in the field. Among the candidates, Bi3+ and Sb3+ containing materials are of great interest, due to their electronic structures resembling the Pb2+. Bismuth/antimony chalcohalides have been known for a long time as the potential absorber in photovoltaics, even if their performances are still low. Interestingly, pnictogen chalcohalides can be the stepping stone toward numerous quaternary compounds, including some perovskite structures. The understanding of the fundamental properties and the current limitations of both the starting ternary compounds and the final quaternary materials can allow the achievement of improved photovoltaic absorbers, stable, and efficient. In this review, the fundamental properties and device performances of many ternary pnictogen chalcohalides and the derived quaternary compounds are summarized, focusing on the different preparation strategies.J.H. and X.H. contributed equally to this work. The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52002140, U20A20252, 12104467), the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST, the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2022CFA093), the Self-determined and Innovative Research Funds of HUST (2020kfyXJJS008), the National Key Research and Development Project funding from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2021YFB3800104), Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory (OVL2021BG008).He, J.;Hu, X.;Liu, Z.;Chen, W.;Longo, Giulia (2023). Prospect for bismuth/antimony chalcohalides-based solar cells. Advanced Functional Materials. 33(48). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202306075S3348Kojima, A., Teshima, K., Shirai, Y., & Miyasaka, T. (2009). Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(17), 6050-6051. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja809598rHu, X., Zhu, C., Zhang, W., Wang, H., Wang, J., Ren, F., Chen, R., Liu, S., Meng, X., Zhou, J., Pan, Y., Tian, X., Sun, D., Zhang, S., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., Chen, Q., & Chen, W. (2022). Strain release of formamidinium-cesium perovskite with imprint-assisted organic ammonium halide compensation for efficient and stable solar cells. Nano Energy, 101, 107594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107594Zhao, Y., Ma, F., Qu, Z., Yu, S., Shen, T., Deng, H.-X., Chu, X., Peng, X., Yuan, Y., Zhang, X., & You, J. (2022). Inactive (PbI
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Comparative Study of Temperature and Pressure Variation Patterns in Hydrogen and Natural Gas Storage in Salt Cavern
No full textClarifying the distribution of temperature and pressure in the wellbore and cavern during hydrogen injection and extraction is crucial for quantitatively assessing cavern stability and wellbore integrity. This paper establishes an integrated flow and heat transfer model for the cavern and wellbore during hydrogen injection and withdrawal, analyzing the variations in temperature and pressure in both the wellbore and the cavern. The temperature and pressure parameters of hydrogen and natural gas within the chamber and wellbore were compared. The specific conclusions are as follows. (1) Under identical injection and withdrawal conditions, the temperature of hydrogen in the chamber was 10 °C higher than that of natural gas, and 16 °C higher in the wellbore. The pressure of hydrogen in the chamber was 2.9 MPa greater than that of natural gas, and 2.6 MPa higher in the wellbore. (2) A comparative analysis was conducted on the impact of surrounding rock’s horizontal and numerical distance on temperature during hydrogen and natural gas injection processes. As the distance from the cavity increases, from 5 to 15 m, the temperature fluctuation in the surrounding rock diminishes progressively, with the temperature effect in the hydrogen storage chamber extending to at least 10 m. (3) The influence of rock thermal conductivity parameters on temperature during the processes of hydrogen injection and natural gas extraction is also compared. The better the thermal conductivity, the deeper the thermal effects penetrate the rock layers, with the specific heat capacity having the most significant impact
Comparative Analyses of Phyllosphere Bacterial Communities and Metabolomes in Newly Developed Needles of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. at Four Stages of Stand Growth
No full textHost-plant-associated bacteria affect the growth, vigor, and nutrient availability of the host plant. However, phyllosphere bacteria have received less research attention and their functions remain elusive, especially in forest ecosystems. In this study, we collected newly developed needles from sapling (age 5 years), juvenile (15 years), mature (25 years), and overmature (35 years) stands of Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook]. We analyzed changes in phyllosphere bacterial communities, their functional genes, and metabolic activity among different stand ages. The results showed that phyllosphere bacterial communities changed, both in relative abundance and in composition, with an increase in stand age. Community abundance predominantly changed in the orders Campylobacterales, Pseudonocardiales, Deinococcales, Gemmatimonadales, Betaproteobacteriales, Chthoniobacterales, and Propionibacteriales. Functional predictions indicated the genes of microbial communities for carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, antibiotic biosynthesis, flavonoids biosynthesis, and steroid hormone biosynthesis varied; some bacteria were strongly correlated with some metabolites. A total of 112 differential metabolites, including lipids, benzenoids, and flavonoids, were identified. Trigonelline, proline, leucine, and phenylalanine concentrations increased with stand age. Flavonoids concentrations were higher in sapling stands than in other stands, but the transcript levels of genes associated with flavonoids biosynthesis in the newly developed needles of saplings were lower than those of other stands. The nutritional requirements and competition between individual trees at different growth stages shaped the phyllosphere bacterial community and host–bacteria interaction. Gene expression related to the secondary metabolism of shikimate, mevalonate, terpenoids, tocopherol, phenylpropanoids, phenols, alkaloids, carotenoids, betains, wax, and flavonoids pathways were clearly different in Chinese fir at different ages. This study provides an overview of phyllosphere bacteria, metabolism, and transcriptome in Chinese fir of different stand ages and highlights the value of an integrated approach to understand the molecular mechanisms associated with biosynthesis
To probe the performance of perovskite memory devices: defects property and hysteresis
No full textHybrid organic-inorganic perovskite materials offer a range of interesting characteristics that are suitable for optoelectronic devices, such as photovoltaics. Along with the fast rise in device performance, a current density-voltage (J-V) hysteresis originating from defects and their movement has attracted intense attention, which renders challenges regarding the stability and reliability of the novel materials. Here, we carefully probe the effects of defects in perovskite materials and across interfaces within the device, in which bistable conductive states are achieved for the next generation of nonvolatile memory. The memory device shows an operating voltage as low as 0.25 V, and a decent ON/OFF ratio. More importantly, we correlate the defect density and hysteresis-index of different perovskite films with the corresponding memory device performance. The findings enrich our understanding of the working mechanism of perovskite memory devices, which will also benefit other organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite optoelectronics.National Natural Science Foundation of China [51672008]; Young Talent Thousand Program; ENN GroupSCI(E)ARTICLE235810-5817
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