99 research outputs found
OR-056 No cardiovascular responses to energy drink consumption in young healthy adult: There is no full text article associated with this abstract
No full textObjective Svatikova et al. (2015) in JAMA have conducted a randomized trial of cardiovascular responses to energy drink consumption in healthy adults, and found it significantly increased levels of blood pressure and catecholamines in young healthy adults. Their data were re-analyzed in terms of fractal self-similarity and quantitative difference (QD) in this paper.
Methods 1. The logarithm to base golden section τ (lt) is called golden logarithm. It was found that σ=ltσ ≈ 0.710439287156503. 2. For a process from x1 to x2, lx(1,2)=lt(x2/x1) and its absolute vale are called the process logarithm and its QD, QDx(1,2). There are QD threshold values (αx,βx,γx) of function x which can be calculated in terms of σ. The function x is kept to be constant if QDx(1,2) < αx. A function in/far from its function-specific homeostasis is called a normal/dysfunctional function. A normal function can resist a disturbance under its threshold so that QDx(1,2) < βx. A dysfunctional function is defined as the QD is significant if βx ≦QDx(1,2) < γx and extraordinarily significant if QDx(1,2) ≧ γx. 3. Self-similarity was studied in the fractal literature: a pattern is self-similar if it does not vary with spatial or temporal scale. First-order self-similarity condition leads to the power law between two data sets A = {xi} and B = {yi}; yi = ai xi if the QDi of ai and the average of {ai} is smaller than βmin=min{βi} and the average QD of {QDi} is smaller than αmin=min{αi}. 4. The σ algorithm for integrative biology was established based on high-order self-similarity.
Results The 18 dimension data set consisted of all the 18 parameters. The first-order self-similarity held for the 18 dimension data sets between after and before for placebo or energy drink, and between placebo and energy drink for the 18 dimension ratio data set of after to before.
Conclusions There may be no cardiovascular responses to energy drink consumption in young healthy adult
Photobiomodulation Process
No full textPhotobiomodulation (PBM) is a modulation of laser irradiation or monochromatic light (LI) on biosystems. There is little research on PBM dynamics although its phenomena and mechanism have been widely studied. The PBM was discussed from dynamic viewpoint in this paper. It was found that the primary process of cellular PBM might be the key process of cellular PBM so that the transition rate of cellular molecules can be extended to discuss the dose relationship of PBM. There may be a dose zone in which low intensity LI (LIL at different doses) has biological effects similar to each other, so that biological information model of PBM might hold. LIL may self-adaptively modulate a chronic stress until it becomes successful
Effects of Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on acute recovery after exhausting cycling exercise
No full text
Rapid Detection of Adulterants in Whey Protein Supplement by Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis
No full textThe growing demand for whey protein supplements has made them the target of adulteration with cheap substances. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy in tandem with chemometrics was proposed to simultaneously detect and quantify three common adulterants (creatine, l-glutamine and taurine) in whey protein concentrate (WPC) powder. Soft independent modeling class analogy (SIMCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were built based on two spectral regions (400–1800 cm−1 and 500–1100 cm−1) to classify different types of adulterated samples. The most effective was the SIMCA model in 500–1100 cm−1 with an accuracy of 96.9% and an error rate of 5%. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models for each adulterant were developed using two different Raman spectral ranges (400–1800 cm−1 and selected specific region) and data pretreatment methods. The determination coefficients (R2) of all models were higher than 0.96. PLSR models based on typical Raman regions (500–1100 cm−1 for creatine and taurine, the combination of range 800–1000 cm−1 and 1300–1500 cm−1 for glutamine) were superior to models in the full spectrum. The lowest root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.21%, 0.33%, 0.42% for creatine, taurine and glutamine, and the corresponding limit of detection (LOD) values for them were 0.53%, 0.71% and 1.13%, respectively. This proves that Raman spectroscopy with the help of multivariate approaches is a powerful method to detect adulterants in WPC
A Noninvasive Accurate Measurement of Blood Glucose Levels with Raman Spectroscopy of Blood in Microvessels
No full textRaman spectra of human skin obtained by laser excitation have been used to non-invasively detect blood glucose. In previous reports, however, Raman spectra thus obtained were mainly derived from the epidermis and interstitial fluid as a result of the shallow penetration depth of lasers in skin. The physiological process by which glucose in microvessels penetrates into the interstitial fluid introduces a time delay, which inevitably introduces errors in transcutaneous measurements of blood glucose. We focused the laser directly on the microvessels in the superficial layer of the human nailfold, and acquired Raman spectra with multiple characteristic peaks of blood, which indicated that the spectra obtained predominantly originated from blood. Incorporating a multivariate approach combining principal component analysis (PCA) and back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN), we performed noninvasive blood glucose measurements on 12 randomly selected volunteers, respectively. The mean prediction performance of the 12 volunteers was obtained as an RMSEP of 0.45 mmol/L and R2 of 0.95. It was no time lag between the predicted blood glucose and the actual blood glucose in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We also applied the procedure to data from all 12 volunteers regarded as one set, and the total predicted performance was obtained with an RMSEP of 0.27 mmol/L and an R2 of 0.98, which is better than that of the individual model for each volunteer. This suggested that anatomical differences between volunteer fingernails do not reduce the prediction accuracy and 100% of the predicted glucose concentrations fall within Region A and B of the Clarke error grid, allowing acceptable predictions in a clinically relevant range. The Raman spectroscopy detection of blood glucose from microvessels is of great significance of non-invasive blood glucose detection of Raman spectroscopy. This innovative method may also facilitate non-invasive detection of other blood components
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