9,861 research outputs found
HL-1 cells express an inwardly rectifying K+ current activated via muscarinic receptors comparable to that in mouse atrial myocytes
No full textAn inwardly rectifying K^+ current is present in atrial cardiac myocytes that is activated by acetylcholine (I_{KACh}). Physiologically, activation of the current in the SA node is important in slowing the heart rate with increased parasympathetic tone. It is a paradigm for the direct regulation of signaling effectors by the Gβγ G-protein subunit. Many questions have been addressed in heterologous expression systems with less focus on the behaviour in native myocytes partly because of the technical difficulties in undertaking comparable studies in native cells. In this study, we characterise a potassium current in the atrial-derived cell line HL-1. Using an electrophysiological approach, we compare the characteristics of the potassium current with those in native atrial cells and in a HEK cell line expressing the cloned Kir3.1/3.4 channel. The potassium current recorded in HL-1 is inwardly rectifying and activated by the muscarinic agonist carbachol. Carbachol-activated currents were inhibited by pertussis toxin and tertiapin-Q. The basal current was time-dependently increased when GTP was substituted in the patch-clamp pipette by the non-hydrolysable analogue GTPγS. We compared the kinetics of current modulation in HL-1 with those of freshly isolated atrial mouse cardiomyocytes. The current activation and deactivation kinetics in HL-1 cells are comparable to those measured in atrial cardiomyocytes. Using immunofluorescence, we found GIRK4 at the membrane in HL-1 cells. Real-time RT-PCR confirms the presence of mRNA for the main G-protein subunits, as well as for M2 muscarinic and A1 adenosine receptors. The data suggest HL-1 cells are a good model to study IKAch
3-LEVEL SPACE VECTOR PWM IN LOW-INDEX MODULATION REGION AVOIDING NARROW PULSE PROBLEM
No full textIn using GTO, a few hundreds micro seconds longer than specified pulse width must be guaranteed for safety for each device to commutate with its inherent gate current Sequences. This paper describes the mechanism of generating undesirable narrow pulses in conventional three-level space vector PWM and suggests two new algorithms of space vector PWM using Non-Nearest three and four vectors in a control period to avoid such a narrow pulse problem. Experimental verifications for the suggested algorithms are also presented
Data for: Research Progress of HL-2M Distributed Timing System
No full textReferring to the design scheme of ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) Time Communication Network （TCN）, combined with the actual situation of HL-2M, the distributed timing system based on IEEE 1588-2008 (Precision Time Protocol) has been studied, which can realize multiple triggering functions including single pulse, uniform pulse train, non-uniform pulse train and other arbitrary pulse types to meet the actual needs and improves the clock synchronization and triggering accuracy of HL-2M timing system from microsecond level to sub-microsecond level, and ultimately better than 100 nanoseconds
Distribution of HL for the RS1 and RS2 samples used by Liu et al. [1] and the 1000 Genomes populations.
No full text<p>Distribution of HL for the RS1 and RS2 samples used by Liu et al. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099009#pone.0099009-Liu1" target="_blank">[1]</a> and the 1000 Genomes populations.</p
Stability of hen egg white lysozyme during denaturation is enhanced by pretreatment with supercritical carbon dioxide
No full textExperimental Check of Deceleration of Neutral Beam-Injected Energetic Ions in the HL-2A Tokamak
Full text linkShort pulses of a deuterium neutral beam (NB) with a duration of less than ? 5 ms were co-injected into magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)-quiescent ohmic deuterium plasmas of the HL-2A tokamak to study the variation of the slowing-down time in two different electron temperature environments. Analyses were made for the decay rate of D-D neutrons produced by beam-plasma interaction following NB turn-off, i.e., experimentally observed neutron decay rates were compared with those predicted by a classical slowing-down model. The results suggest the beam ions decelerate without significant loss in the HL-2A tokamak in round terms. When the critical energy for beam ions is higher than the beam injection energy, it seems that a small fraction of the beam ions is lost.journal articl
OPTIMAL PWM DESIGN FOR HIGH-POWER 3-LEVEL INVERTER THROUGH COMPARATIVE-STUDIES
No full textComparative studies between harmonic elimination and optimal PWM strategies are given for high power three-level inverter feeding induction motor. An effective PWM map construction method based on Valid Region on Frequency Modulation Index Plane is suggested. Thereby, an optimal map including asynchronous space vector PWM, harmonic elimination and optimal PWM method is generated covering all of the low, middle and high modulation index regions. The PWM map was designed for 1 MVA rated general purpose GTO inverter and implemented with digital signal processor. Experimental results are presented for 10 KVA prototype
Comparing models for S = 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains: the validity of different approaches for describing a one-dimensional coordination polymer, [CuII(HL)2(4,4'-bpy)]n·2nH2O(H2L = 3-nitrophthalic acid, bpy = bipyridine)
No full textWe have synthesized a new one-dimensional coordination polymer, [CuII(HL)2(4,4?-bpy)]n·2nH2O (1), (HL– = monodeprotonated 3-nitrophthalic acid, 4,4?-bpy = 4,4?-bipyridine) consisting of infinite chains of [CuII(HL)2(4,4?-bpy)]n and have investigated its structure and magnetic properties. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group with the [CuII(HL)2(4,4?-bpy)]n chains running parallel to the b axis. The chains are linked together by hydrogen bonding between the HL– groups and water molecules to form the three-dimensional crystal structure. The magnetic susceptibility of 1 can be well described using an antiferromagnetic S = 1/2 chain model with g = 2.11(1) and 2J = –0.61(1) cm–1. Several techniques for describing the susceptibility of S =1/2 chains are examined to compare their validity at lowvalues of kT/|2J|, including exact numerical full-matrix diagonalization techniques, from which the magnetization curve of 1 could be calculated. The calculation fits well with the measured magnetization data
LIU Planned Activities
Full text linkThe baseline LIU installation activities corresponding to both ion and proton upgrades will be described for the whole injector chain. The additional possible installation activities linked to the pending options on which decision will be made during 2015 will also be reviewed. It will be examined whether any of these activities can be anticipated to earlier shutdowns or postponed beyond LS2, emphasising the consequences on beam operation and the preparation and performance reach of the LIU beams for HL-LHC. The corresponding support needed from the various CERN groups together with the required technical expertise will be estimated. Finally, a preliminary LIU installation master schedule will be presented
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