1,721,001 research outputs found
Pegasus, Monkey King and Existential Sentencesin Chinese
No full text在專名（proper name）是某一個象目（object）的記號這個認定或認識下，在現代西方哲學中，像
(1)Pegasus exists（飛馬存在）；
(2)Pegasus does not exist（飛馬不存在），
這樣的存在語句，前者被認為不是一句無意義的話，就是一個分析句，而後者則被認為是一句自相矛盾的話。
羅素以專名不過是喬裝的確定描述詞，而在他的描述詞論中解決上述困難，而蒯英（Quine）則把Pegasus動詞化或述詞化來解決這些困難。
本文先批評這些作法的缺點，並且進一步以相當的中文語句
(3)有孫悟空（有所謂孫悟空）；
(4)沒有孫悟空（沒有所謂孫悟空），
為例，提出異於前兩者的所謂命名說話做行（speech act of calling）理論，來解決這個問題，並說明這個理論的優點
Before and After Donnellan-- An Example of A Philosophical Study of Language
No full textThe topic might indicate what kind of theme will be considered in this paper. I would like to do three things. First, to brief a historical development of the perblem of definite descriptions, beginning from 1905, Russell’s paper, through 1950, Strawson’s rejection of Russell’s theory, and 1966, Donnellan’s theory of referential use and attributive use, to 1977, Kripke’s criticism of Donnellan’s theory. Secondly, to do some critical study of Donnellan’s theory. And finally, taking the above account as an example to show that a philosophical study of language is an important method of philosophy as well as one main philosophy in the modern time
Logical Connectives, Mental Acts and Propositional Ties
No full textThis paper will do two things. First to argue that the logical connectives are used to express mental acts, to do speech acts and prepositional acts. They are used to expiree prepositional ties. Second, from the first things to say that every sentence or proposition must contain at least one logical connective, and every relation must intrinsically contain a direction. Several relevant theories are also examined
Is the Redundancy Theory True
No full textRamsey's redundancy theory of truth as well as the views of its proponents and opponents have been examined in this paper. In addition, I pointed out that Ramsey's theory might be influenced by Wittgenstein's Tractatus and argued, from the point of view of possible world, that the words "is true" and "is false" are not redundant
Elementary Propositions in Wittgenstein's Tractatus
No full textThis is the fourth paper in my continuing research on Wittgenstein’s Tractatus. The Tractatus theory of language has mainly two components: the “picture theory” and the “truth-function theory”. Elementary propositions is one of the basic concepts essentially connected with these two theories. In this paper I attempt a thorough study of the concept of elementary propositions. I identify and articulate seven basic features of elementary propositions. In addition to examining the accounts of other researchers on these basic features, I contribute what I call the metaphysical language formulized in the philosophy of the Tractatus, and the coordinate diagram of elementary propositions, to account for elementary propositions
Sentence structure and Natural Philosophy
No full text我們知道的，一個自然語言的基本語句結構會受產生這個語言的社會的存況哲學（ontology）的影響。例如，在西方文法上主詞一述詞區分，就與邏輯中的殊相一通相區分平行。這種平行可追溯亞里士多德在邏輯上的著作和希臘文文法。這些依次受到本質一屬性區分的希臘存況哲學的影響。在本文?堙A我們將拿中文和英文為例比較研究，顯示自然哲學也一樣會基本的影響一個語言的基本語句結構。 試看下面英文語句： （1）It is training. 和這個英文語句等值的典型的中文語句是： （2）天下雨了，或是 （3）下雨了。在中國傳統?埵酗@個盛行的想法是，許多今天所謂的自然現象，諸如下雨、打雷、天冷等等是天做的，而天是普遍法則或大自然。我們將顯示很可能因為第一個觀念，我門有像（2）這樣的語句結構，而因為第二個觀點，我們有像（3）這樣的語句結構。但是也許因為在西方沒有這些觀點，而且有盛行的主詞一述詞結構，我們有像（1）這樣的基本語句結構，即令在這?堨D詞一述詞結構?堥癡S有一個真正的邏輯主元。 我們也將指出，由於兩種不同的（自然）語言的不同哲學背景，它們可能具有不同的基本語句結構。而由於受不同的哲學影響，同一語言可能會有兩個或更多基本語句結構
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