13,974 research outputs found
Mediation of beta-endorphin by ginsenoside Rh2 to lower plasma glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
No full text
Protoberberine alkaloids and related compounds as dual inhibitors of mammalian topoisomerase I and II
No full textBerberine and several structurally-related analogs were evaluated as inhibitors of topoisomerase I andll. The pharmacological activity of protoberberines exhibited a strong dependence upon the type and location of substituents. Several of these alkaloids exhibited activity as inhibitors of topoisomerase ll. Among the bicyclic heterocyclic analogs evaluated, none exhibited similar potency to berberirubine as an inhibitor of topoisomerase ll. Of tbe analogs studied, 2,3-desmethylene-9,10- desmethylberberine was the most potent inhibitor of topoisomerase I when assayed in vitro
Phryno yichengica Chao & Liu 1998
No full text<i>Phryno yichengica</i> Chao & Liu, 1998 <p> <i>Phryno yichengica</i> Chao & Liu <i>in</i> Liu & Chao <i>et al</i>., 1998: 231. Lectotype male (IZCAS, not examined), by fixation of Chao & Liu <i>in</i> Liu, Chao & Li (1999: 350). Type locality: China, Shanxi, Yicheng, Dahe.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Male. Scutellum entirely orange or reddish yellow; male femora with blackish gray pruinosity on basal 1/2–3/5, yellow on ventrodistal 2/5–1/2; vein M with section between crossvein dm-cu and bend subequal in length to that between bend and wing margin; abdominal terga with dense yellowish pruinosity entirely, black on mid dorsal longitudinal portion of third abdominal tergum; two katepisternal setae; male vertex approximately 0.3 of head width; antenna with first flagellomere approximately 5 times as long as pedicel and 3.5 times as long as wide; male postabdomen with surstylus tapered to apex in lateral view, strongly curved inward on apical half and rather broad at base in dorsal view; cerci nearly straight and subequal in length to surstylus in lateral view.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Judging from the original description and illustrations, this species may be easily distinguished from other members of <i>Phryno</i> treated in this study by the following combination of characters: scutellum entirely yellow; male femora black on basal part; male vertex approximately 0.3 of head width; two katepisternal setae; vein M with section between crossvein dm-cu and bend as long as that between bend and wing margin. However, it may be difficult to distinguish this species from <i>P</i>. <i>tibialis</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Tachi, Takuji, 2013, Systematic study of the genera Phryno Robineau-Desvoidy and Botria Rondani in the Palearctic Region, with discussions of their phylogenetic positions (Diptera, Tachinidae), pp. 361-391 in Zootaxa 3609 (4)</i> on pages 375-376, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3609.4.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/221732">http://zenodo.org/record/221732</a>
Open-closed Gromov-Witten invariants of 3-dimensional Calabi-Yau smooth toric DM stacks
No full textWe study open-closed orbifold Gromov-Witten invariants of 3-dimensional
Calabi-Yau smooth toric Deligne-Mumford (DM) stacks (with possibly non-trivial
generic stabilizers and semi-projective coarse moduli spaces) relative to
Lagrangian branes of Aganagic-Vafa type. We present foundational materials of
enumerative geometry of stable holomorphic maps from bordered orbifold Riemann
surfaces to a 3-dimensional Calabi-Yau smooth toric DM stack with boundaries
mapped into a Aganagic-Vafa brane. All genus open-closed Gromov-Witten
invariants are defined by torus localization and depend on the choice of a
framing which is an integer. We also provide another definition of all genus
open-closed Gromov-Witten invariants based on algebraic relative orbifold
Gromov-Witten theory; this generalizes the definition in Li-Liu-Liu-Zhou
[arXiv:math/0408426] for smooth toric Calabi-Yau 3-folds. When the toric DM
stack a toric Calabi-Yau 3-orbifold (i.e. when the generic stabilizer is
trivial), we define generating functions of open-closed Gromov-Witten
invariants or arbitrary genus and number of boundary circles; it takes
values in the Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology of the classifying space of a
finite cyclic group of order . We prove an open mirror theorem which relates
the generating function of orbifold disk invariants to Abel-Jacobi maps of the
mirror curve of the toric Calabi-Yau 3-orbifold. This generalizes a conjecture
by Aganagic-Vafa [arXiv:hep-th/0012041] and Aganagic-Klemm-Vafa
[arXiv:hep-th/0105045] (proved in full generality by the first and the second
authors in [arXiv:1103.0693]) on the disk potential of a smooth semi-projective
toric Calabi-Yau 3-fold.Comment: 44 pages, 7 figure
Brithura stigmosa Liu & Yang, 2010, sp. nov.
No full textBrithura stigmosa sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 17–20) Diagnosis. Antennal flagellum yellow. Prescutum stripes disintegrated into lines of subrectangular brown spots. Wing yellowish gray with Sc 1 absent, costal border opposite stigma smooth. Tergites of abdomen chestnut brown with outer lateral angles yellow; sternites yellowish brown. Outer gonostylus with four processes, lateral pair ones caudad, pointed at tip, middle pair ones cephalad. Description. Male. Body length 21.0 mm, wing 20.0 mm. Head. Yellowish brown. Rostrum reddish brown, with dark reddish brown nasus. Vertex brown, occiput yellowish brown. Vertical tubercle blackish, tip pointed. Orbit brownish yellow. Hairs on head brownish. Antenna 4.5 mm long; scape light reddish brown; pedicel yellow; flagellum yellow. Probocis dark reddish brown; palpus reddish brown, last segment blackish, setae short, brownish. Thorax. Ground color brown. Pronotum brownish with central blackish brown; prescutum brown with four yellowish brown longitudinal stripes, each stripe disintegrated into two lines of subrectangular brown spots, lateral margin of prescutum dark reddish brown; scutellum blackish brown, each lobe with similar color patterned stripe; scutum grayish brown with lateral lobe reddish brown; mediotergite grayish red-brown; pleura chiefly brown, katepisternum upper with a blackish spot, pleurotergal tubercle small, with silvery pubescence on dorsal surface. Hairs on thorax brown. Coxae and trochanters brownish yellow; femora dark brownish yellow, tips brown, preceded with a subequal yellow ring; tibiae dark brownish yellow; tarsi brown; tibial spurs 1 – 1–2. Hairs on coxae and trochanters yellow, on other segments of legs brown. Wing (Fig. 4) with Sc 1 absent. Wing yellowish gray with costal region opposite stigma smooth. Cells c and sc yellow. Stigma brown. A brownish spot at origin of Rs; area from stigma to cell dm along cord brownish, surrounded by yellowish suffusion; cell dm with brownish spot at outer half; brownish spot at both sides of middle A 1 at midlength. Veins yellow. Halter with stem yellowish brown, knob more blackish but brownish yellow at tip. Abdomen. Ground color chestnut brown. Tergite 1 brown, tergites 2–8 chestnut brown with outer lateral angles yellow. Venter yellowish brown with outer half more brownish. Hairs on abdomen brownish. Hypopygium (Figs. 17–20). Tergite 9 (Fig. 18) with caudal margin shallowly U-shaped emarginate that is fringed with long yellow setae; sternite 9 ventrally with a reddish brown knob; outer lobe of outer gonostylus (Fig. 19) with three processes, outer one caudad, point at tip, middle one cephalad, tip with two small processes, inner one cephalad, bent near tip, inner lobe of outer gonostylus bent backwards near pointed tip, another small process on caudal margin; inner gonostylus (Fig. 20) with upper margin curved, outer surface caved. Setae on gonostylus light brown. Female. Unknown. Type material. Holotype male, Henan: Songxian, Baiyunshan (1200 m), 2008. VIII. 14, Xingyue Liu. Distribution. China (Henan). Remarks. This new species is different from any other species of the genus Brithura by the absence of Sc 1 in the males. It is similar to B. sancta Alexander, 1929 in the coloration of the legs and wing. It can be easily separated from B. sancta by the absence of Sc 1, the pattern of the prescutum and structure of the hypopygium. In B. sancta, Sc 1 is preserved, the strips on the prescutum are continuous, the outer gonostylus is straight, and the spine of the outer gonostylus is very short (Alexander 1929). Etymology. The species name is based on the lines of the subrectangular brown spots forming prescutum stripes.Published as part of Liu, Qifei & Yang, Ding, 2010, Four new species of the genus Brithura Edwards from China, with an updated key to world species (Diptera, Tipulidae), pp. 52-60 in Zootaxa 2401 on pages 58-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19408
Vector theory of ultrashort, intense, pulsed laser beams propagating in gaseous media
No full textWe study the nonparaxial and vectorial effects of ultrashort, intense, pulsed laser beams propagating in gaseous media by using an order-of-magnitude analysis. A near vector wave equation is derived, which includes the effects of the coupling between the transverse and the longitudinal components of the laser field and is valid for an arbitrarily short laser pulse. In addition; we obtain the equation governing the time evolution of the plasma current density, which can be used to analyze the mechanism of energy loss during propagation of the laser pulse
Eotrichocera (Archaeotrichocera) spatiosa Liu, Shih & Ren, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textEotrichocera (Archaeotrichocera) spatiosa sp. nov. (Fig. 3) Diagnosis: Sc rather long, about 0.84 times of the wing length, and ending slightly beyond R 2; crossvein sc-r at the two-thirds of Rs; r-m at about one-third of d cell; d cell small, 0.19 times length of wing; A 2 short, about 0.21 times of the wing length. Description: Body: A well-preserved female adult fossil. Head subcircular and narrower than thorax. The compound eyes with clear facets. One antenna with three segments visible. The thorax poorly preserved. Abdomen length 11 mm, width 1.5 mm, with 8 clear segments. Female with ovipositor preserved. The legs long and slender. Wing: Length 12 mm and width 4.5 mm, 2.7 times as long as wide. Sc rather long, about 0.84 times of the wing length and terminating slightly beyond R 2; Crossvein sc-r at the two-thirds of Rs. Rs arising from less than basal one-third of length of wing, Rs at 0.63 times length of wing ramified into R 2 + 3 + 4 and R 5; R 2 + 3 + 4 short, being 0.6 times as long as R 2 + 3; R 2 short, about one-seventh of the length of dR 1, and nearly one-fourth length of R 2 + 3; R 3 about 1.3 times as long as R 2 + 3; section bR 5 rather short, 0.3 times as long as r-m. Stem vein M ramified nearly at the same level of sc-r; bM 1 + 2 longer than r-m, bM 1 + 2 about three-fifths mM 1 + 2, and bM 1 + 2 and mM 1 + 2 strongly bent at r-m, mM 1 + 2 distinctly longer than dM 1 + 2; cell m 1 as long as d cell, about twice as long as dM 1 + 2, M 1 slightly longer than M 2. Crossvein m-m shorter than bM 3, M 3 distinctly longer than M 4, r-m at about one-third of d cell; d cell broader distally, small, 0.19 times length of wing, m-cu meeting M 3 + 4 slightly before its fork. CuA long. A 1 long and reaching wing margin. A 2 short, about 0.21 times length of wing and curving toward to posterior margin. Material: Holotype, female, CNU-DIP-D-NN 2008130 p/c, a well-preserved body with wings. Etymology: The species name refers to the large size of this specimen. Remarks: The new species is similar to Eotrichocera (Archaeotrichocera) ephemera Zhang, 2006, but the former can be easily distinguished by its larger size; Sc 0.84 times length of wing and terminating slightly beyond R 2; cell m 1 as long as d cell, twice as long as dM 1 + 2; d cell 0.19 times length of wing; A 2 short, about 0.21 times length of wing. The new species is similar to the Eotrichocera (Archaeotrichocera) conica Krzemińska, Krzemiński et Ren, 2009, but can be easily separated from the latter by Sc longer; sc-r at two-thirds of Rs, Rs fork 0.63 times length of wing; r-m at about one-third of d cell; d cell slight smaller; A 2 slight shorter. Compared with Eotrichocera (Archaeotrichocera) rara Krzemińska, Krzemiński et Ren, 2009, the main differences are: Sc longer, sc-r at two-thirds of Rs; Rs fork in 0.63 times length of wing; R 2 + 3 longer than R 2 + 3 + 4; d cell smaller; dM 1 + 2 longer (about half length of cell m 1); m-cu meeting M 3 + 4 slightly before its fork; A 2 slightly longer.Published as part of Liu, Luxi, Shih, Chungkun & Ren, Dong, 2012, Two new species of Ptychopteridae and Trichoceridae from the Middle Jurassic of northeastern China (Insecta: Diptera: Nematocera), pp. 55-62 in Zootaxa 3501 on page 59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.28247
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