138,160 research outputs found
The political role of the people's liberation army 1949-1973
Get PDFThis thesis is to study the political role of the People's Liberation Army from the approach of structure and function. The framework of the thesis consists of three major parts, first, the influence of Chinese traditional political culture on, and the formation of, the political role of the PL A; second, the influence of domestic political struggles and external military conflicts on the development of the political role of the PLA; and the third, the analysis of the transition of the PLA's political role from the structure and personnel arrangements of the CCPCC Within the above-mentioned three scopes, this thesis make a thorough discussion on the following: (1) The relationship between the structure of the PRC and the formation of the PLA's political role; (2) How has ideology influenced the army's political role; (3) What is Mao's viewpoint and his influence on the development of the army's political role; (4) What is the link between the army and the party, and how has this developed; (6) What accounts for the expansion of the PLA's political functions; (7) What is the influence of political factional struggles on the PLA's political role; (8) Is it political institution or military institution that controls the recruitment of the military elite; (9) What are the disparities between the military elite in handling international conflicts and what are their political considerations; (10) What is the Party's position in the army; (11) How have the Party’s important meetings and personnel arrangements influenced the rise and fall of the PLA's political role
An Interpretation of the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra in the Chinese Hua-yen School : With Reference to Chih-yen and Fa-tsang
No full textIn this paper, I examine how the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra 入法界品, the last chapter of the Hua-yen ching 華厳経, was interpreted in the Chinese Hua-yen school, specifically clarifying the differences between the interpretations of Chih-yen 智儼(602-668) and his disciple Fa-tsang 法蔵(643-712). Paying attention especially to their theories regarding the ""division"" of the sutra into smaller sections, I examine both their interpretations from two angles: 1) interpreting the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra within the Hua-yen ching, and 2) interpreting the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra by itself. Chih-yen advances a theory of three divisions in his Sou-hsuan chi 捜玄記, and therein he suggests two views on the liu-t\u27ung-fen 流通分. 1) The Hua-yen ching originally consisted of one hundred thousand gathas, of which only thirty-six thousand gathas now remain, and the liu-t\u27ung-fen is missing. This means that the liu-t\u27ung-fen never existed. 2) In the sutra, the last two gathas are considered to correspond to the liu-t\u27ung-fen. The first view is based on the assumption that the sutra consists of one hundred thousand gathas, excluding the liu-t\u27ung-fen, and the second, that the sutra consists of thirty-six thousand gathas which include the liu-t\u27ung-fen. This means that, in Chih-yen\u27s three divisions, the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra either belongs to the cheng-tsung-fen 正宗分, or includes both the cheng-tsung-fen and the liu-t\u27ung-fen. Chih-yen, influenced by Chih-cheng 智正(559-639), also divided the cheng-tsung-fen into four parts, the last of which is the i-yuan hsiu-hsing cheng-te fen 依縁修行成徳分. To this belong the ""Li-shih-chien p\u27in"" 離世間品 and the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra. The latter is also called the i-jen ju-cheng fen 依人入証文. For Chih-yen, the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra represented a Buddhist teaching of realization (cheng 証) which perfects ascetic training through shan-chih-shih 善知識. This was the very chapter from which began the enlightenment of sentient beings. Fa-tsang\u27s three divisions developed from his Wen-i kang-mu 文義網目, which does not admit the liu-t\u27ung-fen, to the T\u27an-hsuan chi 探玄記. In the meantime, he bolstered his arguments with the concept of dharmadhātu (fa-chieh 法界) and, furthermore, emphasized the One Vehicle character of the Hua-yen ching, taking the Three Vehicle character as the liu-t\u27ung-fen. In addition, basing himself on Chih-yen\u27s four divisions, he suggested a theory of five divisions. He views the structure of the Hua-yen ching as being fully provided with hsin 信 (faith), chieh 解 (understanding), hsing 行 (practice), and cheng 証 (realization). The Gaņdavyūha-sūtra comes under the Buddhist teaching of cheng-ju 証入. Chih-yen put emphasis on the importance of shan-chih-shih in dividing the inner structure of the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra. He categorizes all shan-chih-shih into five types. This method of categorizing was taken over by Fa-tsang. The main characteristic of Fa-tsang\u27s method of dividing the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra lies in his distinguishing of the essential assembly (pen-hui 本会) from the secondary assembly (mo-hui 末会). To sum up, the main difference between the two theories can be reduced to the way in which emphasis is put either on the concept of shan-chih-shih or on that of dharmadhātu. Chih-yen emphasized the former, Fa-tsang the latter. This difference shows the development of understanding the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra, from Chih-yen\u27s practical interpretation to Fa-tsang\u27s rather theoretical one
Approximate Selection with Unreliable Comparisons in Optimal Expected Time
Get PDFGiven n elements, an integer k ≤ n/2 and a parameter ε ≥ 1/n, we study the problem of selecting an element with rank in (k-nε, k+nε] using unreliable comparisons where the outcome of each comparison is incorrect independently with a constant error probability, and multiple comparisons between the same pair of elements are independent. In this fault model, the fundamental problems of finding the minimum, selecting the k-th smallest element and sorting have been shown to require Θ(n log 1/Q), Θ(n log k/Q) and Θ(n log n/Q) comparisons, respectively, to achieve success probability 1-Q [Uriel Feige et al., 1994]. Considering the increasing complexity of modern computing, it is of great interest to develop approximation algorithms that enable a trade-off between the solution quality and the number of comparisons. In particular, approximation algorithms would even be able to attain a sublinear number of comparisons. Very recently, Leucci and Liu [Stefano Leucci and Chih-Hung Liu, 2022] proved that the approximate minimum selection problem, which covers the case that k ≤ nε, requires expected Θ(ε^{-1} log 1/Q) comparisons, but the general case, i.e., for nε < k ≤ n/2, is still open.
We develop a randomized algorithm that performs expected O(k/n ε^{-2} log 1/Q) comparisons to achieve success probability at least 1-Q. For k = n ε, the number of comparisons is O(ε^{-1} log 1/Q), matching Leucci and Liu’s result [Stefano Leucci and Chih-Hung Liu, 2022], whereas for k = n/2 (i.e., approximating the median), the number of comparisons is O(ε^{-2} log 1/Q). We also prove that even in the absence of comparison faults, any randomized algorithm with success probability at least 1-Q performs expected Ω(min{n, k/n ε^{-2} log 1/Q}) comparisons. As long as n is large enough, i.e., when n = Ω(k/n ε^{-2} log 1/Q), our lower bound demonstrates the optimality of our algorithm, which covers the possible range of attaining a sublinear number of comparisons. Surprisingly, for constant Q, our algorithm performs expected O(k/n ε^{-2}) comparisons, matching the best possible approximation algorithm in the absence of computation faults. In contrast, for the exact selection problem, the expected number of comparisons is Θ(n log k) with faults versus Θ(n) without faults. Our results also indicate a clear distinction between approximating the minimum and approximating the k-th smallest element, which holds even for the high probability guarantee, e.g., if k = n/2, Q = 1/n and ε = n^{-α} for α ∈ (0, 1/2), the asymptotic difference is almost quadratic, i.e., Θ̃(n^α) versus Θ̃(n^{2α})
Replication Data for: A Structural Model for the Coevolution of Networks and Behavior
No full textHsieh, Chih-Sheng, König, Michael D., and Liu, Xiaodong, (2022) “A Structural Model for the Coevolution of Networks and Behavior.” Review of Economics and Statistics 104:2, 355–367
Conférences du professeur Liu Hsiang-Kwang Professor Liu Hsiang-Kwang conferences
No full textConférences du professeur Liu Hsiang-kwang (département d’histoire de l’Université Cheng-chih, Taiwan), en collaboration avec l’École pratique des hautes études et l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales (CECMC)
sj-pdf-1-aja-10.1177_15333175211038237 – Supplemental Material for Development of the Subjective Cognitive Decline Scale for Mandarin-Speaking Population
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-aja-10.1177_15333175211038237 for Development of the Subjective Cognitive Decline Scale for Mandarin-Speaking Population by Hsing-Fang Tsai, Chi-Hsun Wu, Chih-Cheng Hsu, Chien-Liang Liu and Yen-Hsuan Hsu in American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias</p
Closure to Discussion of Unit Commitment by LaGrangian Relaxation and Genetic algorithms
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Il museo della ceramica Liu Ke Cheng
No full textIl Museo della Ceramica a Fule, è un edificio non recente perché realizzato nel 2004, ma che offre l’occasione di affrontare l’importante lavoro che l’architetto Liu Ke Cheng (classe 1961)
porta avanti da alcuni anni sia nella scuola di Architettura, che dirige, alla Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology (XAUAT), che in qualità di Direttore della UIA Committee on Architectural Heritage in Region IV (per l’Asia e l’Oceania) e, non da ultimo, nella sua intensa attività professionale.The Museum of Ceramic at Fule is a recent building because it was built in 2004 but offers the opportunity to face the important work that architect Liu Ke Cheng (1961 class)
She has been in the Architecture School for several years at Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology (XAUAT) and as Director of the UIA Committee on Architectural Heritage in Region IV (for Asia and Oceania ) and, last but not least, in its intense professional activity
sj-docx-1-dhj-10.1177_20552076231205744 - Supplemental material for Machine learning approaches for predicting sleep arousal response based on heart rate variability, oxygen saturation, and body profiles
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-dhj-10.1177_20552076231205744 for Machine learning approaches for predicting sleep arousal response based on heart rate variability, oxygen saturation, and body profiles by Chih-Fan Kuo, Cheng-Yu Tsai, Wun-Hao Cheng, Wen-Hua Hs, Arnab Majumdar, Marc Stettler, Kang-Yun Lee, Yi-Chun Kuan, Po-Hao Feng, Chien-Hua Tseng, Kuan-Yuan Chen and
Jiunn-Horng Kang, Hsin-Chien Lee, Cheng-Jung Wu, Wen-Te Liu in DIGITAL HEALTH</p
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