470 research outputs found
Changing sink demand of developing shoot affects transitory starch biosynthesis in embryonic tissues of germinating rice seeds
No full textStudies on Starch Accumulation and Sucrose Transport in Rice Embryos during Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment
No full text第一部份：稻種子發芽及幼苗生長時，發育中的莖葉及根組織主要之能量來源為胚乳澱粉分解生成之醣類：葡萄糖及麥芽糖。種子發芽時，葡萄糖及麥芽糖由胚乳運入胚中並可進一步被轉變為蔗糖以運至胚中其他部位，或由維管束組織運至生長中的莖葉或根組織，此為其生長發育之主要能量來源；運至胚中之醣類亦會重新合成澱粉並暫時儲存於胚中，於種子發芽初期短暫累積於胚盤組織，之後胚中澱粉主要累積部位則轉移至胚軸維管束組織周圍。由去除莖葉組織造成胚中澱粉過量累積或將植株移至全黑暗處理抑制光合作用造成胚中澱粉減少之現象，推測莖葉等積儲組織對碳素的需求會影響胚中澱粉之代謝。並且，由黑暗處理後胚中澱粉代謝酵素α-amylase之活性並未受到影響，而澱粉合成酵素granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS)Ⅰ, Ⅱ及starch branching enzyme(SBE) Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ基因表現受到抑制，推測澱粉合成酵素扮演黑暗處理下胚中澱粉代謝之調控關鍵角色，並由黑暗處理後胚中水溶性醣類含量下降及黑暗處理同時外加葡萄糖後SBEIII表現相較黑暗處理有升高之現象，推測黑暗處理下水溶性醣類含量亦為胚中澱粉之代謝調控之間接調控因子。二部份：糖轉運蛋白(sucrose transporter; SUT)為負責運輸蔗糖進行跨膜運輸之轉運蛋白，經由水稻基因組序列分析，目前已知水稻具有五個SUT基因，分別命名為OsSUT1, 2, 3, 4, 5。本研究之目的為探討葡萄糖分子對水稻胚發芽時，胚中OsSUT1及OsSUT2基因表現之影響及其調控機制，首先藉由水稻分離胚培養之實驗，發現於培養液中加入葡萄糖，其於短時間(一天)培養後，OsSUT1之基因表現會被抑制，但在長時間(五天)於含葡萄之培養液中培養的胚組織中，OsSUT1之表現則會明顯的升高，由乾燥或是浸潤後四天之水稻胚處理葡萄糖一天後OsSUT1表現皆會受到抑制，得知此葡萄糖短時間與長時間效應對於OsSUT1之不同影響主要為葡萄糖處理時間長短所造成；另一方面，外加葡萄糖於培養液中，不論於短時間或長時間培養皆會促進OsSUT2表現，且其促進之效果隨培養時間增長而更為明顯。藉由葡萄糖衍生物3-O-Methylglucose以及六碳糖激酶(hexokinase)抑制物N-acetyl glucosamine對胚中SUT1, 2之影響得知葡萄糖對於OsSUT1基因之表現調控，不論於短時間或長時間之影響皆為Hexokinase-dependent pathway，而對OsSUT2基因之表現調控則為Hexokinase-independent pathway。Part1: ndosperm starch would be hydrolyzed to glucose and maltose and further being sent to the newly synthesized shoot and root through embryo during rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed germination and seedling establishment. In embryos, the soluble sugar from endosperm could be converted to starch and transiently accumulated in scutellums for few days. Following, the starch resynthesis was began to be presented in the cells surrounding the vascular bundles of embryos. Since the hyperaccumulation of starch in embryo tissues was observed in shoot-removing seedlings and low levels of starch content were found in low-photosynthetic efficiency seedling embryos in dark conditions, it was suggested that the amount of starch biosynthesis in embryo tissues were depended on the sink tissue demand. Accroding to the expressions of granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS)Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and starch branching enzyme (SBE) Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ responsive to dark treatment, it indicated that the starch level in embryo tissues of growing seedlings in dark was mainly controlled by starch synthetic efficiency. Moreover, SBEIII expression in dark was recovered when glucose was supplied into medium. It was suggested that sugar may function as one of the factors to regulate SBEⅢ gene expression in embryos of young seedlings.art 2:ucrose transporters are transmembrane proteins in charge of transporting sucrose across cell membrane. There are five sucrose transporter isogenes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and named OsSUT1, 2, 3, 4, 5. During embryo germination, effect of glucose on OsSUT1 expression in embryos presented a bi-phase process. OsSUT1 expression was repressed in embryos when germinated in glucose-containing medium after 1-d treatment; however, it was enhanced after 5-d treatment. It was proposed that the differential effects of glucose on OsSUT1 expression were mainly affected by glucose treatment period. Besides, OsSUT2 expression was enhanced in embryos when germinated in glucose-containing medium after 1 and 5-d treatment. According to the effects of sugar analog, 3-O-Methylglucose, and hexokinase inhibitor, N-acetyl glucosamine, on OsSUT1 expressions, it was suggested that the signal transduction for regulating glucose-responsive OsSUT1 expressions in embryos were mediated by hexokinase-dependent pathway. On the other hand, glucose affected OsSUT2 expression was through a hexokinase-independent.目錄-Ⅱ表目錄-Ⅲ寫對照表-Ⅳ一部份：水稻幼苗生長時期胚中暫存性澱粉累積之調控機制-1文摘要-2文摘要-3言-4料與方法-9果-18論-21考文獻-24表-30二部分：水稻種子發芽時期葡萄糖影響胚中蔗糖轉運蛋白基因表現之訊息傳導途徑-37文摘要-38文摘要-39言-40料與方法-46果-50論-54考文獻-58表-6
Directional and Ultrafast Charge Transfer in Oxygen-Vacancy-Rich ZnO@Single-Atom Cobalt Core-Shell Junction for Photo-Fenton-Like Reaction
Get PDFPublished July 2023In photosynthesis, solar energy is harvested by photosensitizers, and then, the excited electrons transfer via a Z-scheme mode to enzymatic catalytic centers to trigger redox reactions. Herein, we constructed a core-shell Z-scheme heterojunction of semiconductor@single-atom catalysts (SACs). The oxygen-vacancy-rich ZnO core and single-atom Co-N4 sites supported on nitrogen-rich carbon shell (SA-Co-CN) act as the photosensitizer and the enzyme-mimicking active centers, respectively. Driven by built-in electric field across the heterojunction, photoexcited electrons could rapidly (2 ps) transfer from the n-type ZnO core to the p-type SA-Co-CN shell, finally boosting the catalytic performance of the surface-exposed single-atom Co-N4 sites for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation under light irradiation. The synergies between photocatalysis and heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction lead to phenomenally enhanced production of various reactive oxygen species for rapid degradation of various microcontaminants in water. Experimental and theoretical results validate that the interfacial coupling of SA-Co-CN with ZnO greatly facilitates PMS adsorption and activation by reducing the adsorption energy and enhancing the cascade electron transfer processes for the photo-Fenton-like reaction.Xi-Lin Wu, Shiang Liu, Yu Li, Minjia Yan, Hongjun Lin, Jianrong Chen, Shoujie Liu, Shaobin Wang, Xiaoguang Dua
Hormone and sugar effects on rice sucrose transporter OsSUT1 expression in germinating embryos
No full textExact Local Composition Model for Two-Dimensional Lattice Fluids
No full textThe
knowledge on the deviation of local composition from bulk composition
has been proven to be powerful for modeling the excess thermodynamic
properties of liquid mixtures. However, the exact solution to the
local compositions is available for a few cases, such as the one-dimensional
(1D) lattice fluids and for certain two-dimensional (2D) lattice fluids
(the Ising models). We discover that the long-range correlation in the fluid structure, which
is not present in 1D but is important in 2D, is the main reason for
the complication of getting the exact local compositions for general
2D lattice fluids. In this work, a general approach for calculating
the local compositions in 2D lattice fluids is developed. We show
that for any stripe-like 2D lattices, the long-range correlations
can be avoided by transforming the system to a multicomponent 1D system.
The local compositions of such a system can be determined by minimization
of the free energy of the mixture. We found that the local compositions,
energy, and entropy predicted from this model, referred to as the
Liu–Lin model, are in excellent agreement with those obtained
from Monte Carlo simulations and Wang–Landau sampling. By increasing
the width of the stripe, the thermodynamic properties predicted from
the Liu–Lin model approaches the exact Onsager solution for
2D systems to arbitrary precision. This model can be applied also
to conditions where the Onsager model is no longer applicable, such
as systems under external magnetic field or with fixed species compositions
Abstract 5878: Trichostatin A overcomes chemotherapeutic resistance of urothelial carcinoma cells through the inactivation of c-Raf/ERK pathway
No full textAbstract
Trichostatin A (TSA), a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, has been reported to elicit anti-proliferative response in various tumors. Here, we investigated antitumor effect of TSA alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents on urothelial carcinoma (UC) cells. We use one high-grade UC cell line (T24) and another UC cells (NTUUC) obtained by primary culture from the surgical specimen of a women with high-grade and metastatic bladder UC. The cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by TSA alone , chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin, gemcitabine and doxorubicin) and combined treatment were assessed by MTT assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting and flow cytometry. The expression of phosphor c-Raf, phosphor-MEK1/2, and phosphor-ERK1/2 were measured by Western blot. urther elucidation on the role of Raf/MEK/ERK pathoway on the TSA-enhanced cytoxicity were exmained by using ERK1 siRNA knockdown and the specific MEK inhibitor (PD98059). Our results showed TSA markedly enhances the cytotoxicity and apoptosis of three chemotherapeutic agents in UC cells with concurrent suppression of Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Consistently, inhibition of Down-regulation of ERK by MEK inhibitor or by ERK 1 siRNA knockdown potentiated the chemotherapeutic agnet-induced cytotoxicity of TSA in UC cells. We concluded that TSA potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin, gemcitabine and doxorubicin in human UC cells through Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. These findings provide a new treatment strategy against UC.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting.
Citation Format: Kuan-Lin Kuo, Chung-Sheng shi, Ju-Tong Hsieh, Shiang-Peng Chen, Wei-Chou Lin, Shih-Ming Liao, Shing-Hwa Liu, Kuo-How Huang. Trichostatin A overcomes chemotherapeutic resistance of urothelial carcinoma cells through the inactivation of c-Raf/ERK pathway [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5878. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5878</jats:p
Ultrafast Direct Peeling Method for Fabrication of High Aspect Ratio Superhydrophobic Nanohair Structure
No full textReviewer Acknowledgement
No full textThe Editorial Board of Urological Science thanks the following reviewers for their invaluable contribution in 2018. Their support is very much appreciated.
Hong-Chiang Chang
Shang-Jen Chang
Wayne Yen-Hwa Chang
Ying-Hsu Chang
Yu-Lung Chang
Chien-Lun Chen
Chung-Hsin Chen
Hsiao-Wen Chen
Kuan-Chou Chen
Kuo-Liang Chen
Po-Cheng Chen
Shin-Hong Chen
Shiou-Sheng Chen
Wen-Chi Chen
Yen-Ta Chen
Yu-Chi Chen
Hong-Lin Cheng
Wei-Ming Cheng
Yu-Sheng Cheng
Bing-Juin Chiang
Heng-Chieh Chiang
Ni Chiang
Po-Hui Chiang
Yang-Jen Chiang
Yi-Chun Chiu
Eric Chieh-Lung Chou
Yii-Her Chou
Po-Ming Chow
Cheng-Keng Chuang
Jeff Shih-Chieh Chueh
Hsiao-Jen Chung
Hui-Ming Chung
Shiu-Dong Chung
Chen-Hsun Ho
Dong-Ru Ho
Chen-Pang Hou
Cheng-Hsing Hsieh
Hui-lung Hsieh
Hueih-Shing Hsu
Yu-Chao Hsu
Chao-Yuan Huang
Eric Yi-Hsiu Huang
Ho-Shiang Huang
Kuo-How Huang
Shih-Tsung Huang
Shu-Pin Huang
Tsnug-Yi Huang
Wen-Hong Huang
William J. Huang
Yun-Ching Huang
Shih-Ya Hung
Thomas I-Sheng Hwang
Mei-Yu Jang
Bang-Ping Jiann
Yeong-Chin Jou
Yung-Shun Juan
Chien-Chang Kao
Ming-Chung Ko
Yuh-Chen Kuo
Marie Carmela Lapitan
Jane-Dar Lee
Ming-Huei Lee
Wei-Chia Lee
Ching-Chia Li
Wei-Ming Li
Jing-Yao Liang
Chun-Hou Liao
Cheng-Chia Lin
Chih-Chieh Lin
Je-Sun Lin
Shuei-Liong Lin
Tsung-Yen Lin
Tzu-Ping Lin
Wei-Yu Lin
Yi-Chia Lin
Yung-Ming Lin
Chia-Chu Liu
Shih-Ping Liu
Shing-Hwa Lu
Yu-Chuan Lu
En Meng
Yen-Chuan Ou
See-Tong Pang
Chung-Hsin Peng
Angeles Sanchis-Bonet
Hung Shao
Cheng-Huang Shen
Hao-ping Tai
Huai-Ching Tai
Yat-Ching Tong
Chia-Chun Tsai
Jeng-Yu Tsai
Yao-Chou Tsai
Yuh-Shyan Tsai
Chih-Wei Tsao
Chung-Cheng Wang
Jhih-Cheng Wang
Pai-Fu Wang
Shian-Shiang Wang
Shuo-Meng Wang
Ta-Min Wang
Wei-Chun Weng
Chia-Chang Wu
Sheng-Tang Wu
Wei-Che Wu
Cheng-Kuang Yang
Chi-Rei Yang
Ming-Hsin Yang
Stephen Shei-Dei Yang
Teng-Kai Yang
Hsin-Chih Yeh
Jue-Hawn Yin
Chia-Cheng Yu
Dah-Shyong Y
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