40,340 research outputs found
Pentacentrus bituberus Liu & Shi 2011
No full text4. Pentacentrus bituberus Liu & Shi, 2011 Figs. 13–14 Pentacentrus bituberus Liu & Shi, 2011: 3. Material examined. Holotype ♂: CHINA, Guangxi, Mt. Mao’er, Daxiagu, 16.VI. 2001, leg. Huang Jian-Hua. Paratypes: 1 ♂, same data as holotype; 1 ♀, 1.VII. 2001, other data same as holotype. 6 ♂ 3 ♀, Guangdong, Nanling, 11.VIII. 2010, leg. Hao-Yu Liu. Distribution. China (Guangxi,Guangdong).Published as part of Liu, Hao-Yu, Mao, Shao-Li & Shi, Fu-Ming, 2014, Review of the genus Pentacentrus Saussure (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Pentacentrinae) from China, pp. 557-566 in Zootaxa 3838 (5) on pages 561-562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3838.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/23146
"Ren-wu Chi" twenty Liu-ye human form attestation
No full text碩士本論文旨在集中探究劉卲《人物志》中的〈流業〉篇。篇中劉卲具體分類十二種人物類型，並且於每一類型後舉例歷史人物作為例證，故本論文將以這個角度切入，試圖探究劉卲於此處所留下之空白處，分析詮釋這十二種類型之特點，並證說所舉例之歷史人物是否與類型能夠相符合。
東漢三國時期的政治外在因素影響著劉卲本身之思想，這一點也顯現在《人物志》當中。《人物志》的思想則是以人性論為基礎，由宇宙氣化論為原則來架構體系。
第三、四章將針對論文的重心〈流業〉篇來對這十二種人物類型做詮釋以及範說所例舉的歷史人物。將解釋劉卲何以列舉這些人物，並且探討人物與類型是否相稱。
第五章即是綜合以及統整第三、四章之論點，做一整體性的檢驗人物類型與範例之間的關係，亦批判劉卲對於類型與範例不符合之處，最後試圖詮釋《人物志》內，劉卲於亂世中所隱含的理想政治藍圖。This thesis focuses on Liu Shao in the "The research of human capacity" in the Liu-ye(流業) part. In this thesis Liu Shao classified 12 kinds of characters and type of each type, for example after historical figures as an example. Therefore, this thesis will be the point of involvement in an attempt to explore Liu Shao said, the interpretation of the 12 types of features, and proved by the example of historical figures with those types can match.
Zhan guo Era in the Eastern Han Dynasty period of external political factors, the impact of Liu Shao''s ideology, it also appeared in "The research of human capacity" are. "The research of human capacity" the idea is based on human nature, by the Yuchouchihua(宇宙氣化) theory to the principle of system architecture.
In the third, four chapters, will be the focus for thesis Liu-ye(流業) part, to have 12 kinds of figures cited by the types of historical figures and the interpretation of that.
It will explain why Liu Shao citing these figures, and whether the types of characters and proportionate. It will explain why Liu Shao citing these figures, and to discuss figures and whether the type is the same.
Chapter five that is comprehensive and integrated third, four chapters of the arguments, and examples of the type figures of the relationship between the integrity to do the inspection, it criticized Liu Shao for the type and model examples do not meet it. Finally trying to interpret "The research of human capacity", Liu Shao in troubled times by the center to the ideal of political blueprint.第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 前人的研究成果 2
一、專書部份 2
二、書中專章部份 3
三、期刊論文部份 3
四、學位論文部份 4
第三節 研究方法 5
第四節 篇章結構 6
第二章 《人物志》中人物類型建構的時代背景與理論基礎 8
第一節 影響《人物志》人物分類的外在環境因素 8
一、劉卲之生平與撰作《人物志》之背景 8
二、政治環境對劉卲的影響 13
（一）用人唯才的政治風氣 13
（二）選才制度的崩壞 17
第二節 《人物志》之人性論基礎 21
第三節 《人物志》之分類原則 28
一、從人之形質分類 29
二、從性格來分類 30
三、從志業來分類 32
四、從才理來分類 33
五、從才幹來分類 35
第三章 十二流業中人物分類及範型證說（上） 38
第一節 三材之本 40
一、清節家 40
二、法家 50
三、術家 57
第二節 三材皆具之「國體」與「器能」 73
一、三材純備之國體 73
二、三材皆微之器能 81
第四章 十二流業中人物分類及範型證說（下） 90
第一節 三才之賅餘 90
一、臧否 90
二、伎倆 97
三、智意 105
第二節 專業之才 113
一、文章 114
二、儒學 117
三、口辯 118
四、驍雄（雄傑） 121
第五章 十二流業人物類型之檢驗與評判 128
第一節 十二流業人物類型之批判 129
一、清節家與其流別 129
二、法家與其流別 133
三、術家及其流別 136
四、三才之國體與器能 137
（一）國體 137
（二）器能 139
五、專業型之才 141
（一）文章 141
（二）儒學 141
（三）口辯 141
（四）驍雄（雄傑） 145
第二節 劉卲人物分類的檢討 146
一、依《周禮》官制設置職官 146
二、「清節家」之定位 148
第六章 結論 152
參考書目 157學號: 692280034, 學年度: 9
Bergeriellidae Liu & Shao & Gong & Li & Lin & Song 2010, FAM. NOV.
No full textBERGERIELLIDAE FAM. NOV. <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> Urostylids with a specific ventral cirral field that consists of enlarged postoral cirri and delicate left ventral cirri, both of which are derived from the left part of the midventral streaks during morphogenesis; one marginal row on each side; nonmigratory row present.</p> <p> <i>Type genus: Bergeriella</i> gen. nov.</p> <p> <i>Etymology:</i> The new family name is derived from the type genus <i>Bergeriella</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Liu, Weiwei, Shao, Chen, Gong, Jun, Li, Jiqiu, Lin, Xiaofeng & Song, Weibo, 2010, Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea, pp. 697-710 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (4)</i> on page 699, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00565.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5438412">http://zenodo.org/record/5438412</a>
Pentacentrus multicapillus Liu & Shi 2011
No full text7. <i>Pentacentrus multicapillus</i> Liu & Shi, 2011 <p> <i>Pentacentrus multicapillus</i>, Liu & Shi, 2011: 6.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype <i>♂</i>: China, Guangxi, Mt. Mao’er, Daxiagu, 19.V.2001, leg. Jian-Hua Huang. Paratypes: 4 <i>♂</i>, same data as holotype; 1♀, 1.VII.2001, other data same as holotype. <b>Distribution.</b> China (Guangxi).</p>Published as part of <i>Liu, Hao-Yu, Mao, Shao-Li & Shi, Fu-Ming, 2014, Review of the genus Pentacentrus Saussure (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Pentacentrinae) from China, pp. 557-566 in Zootaxa 3838 (5)</i> on page 564, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3838.5.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/231468">http://zenodo.org/record/231468</a>
The world's largest macroalgal bloom in the Yellow Sea, China Formation and implications.pdf
No full textPlants and soil are the base for sustainably surviving human beings on the globe as the role of materials, energy, resources and environment (Shao & Chu 2008; Shao et al. 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012a,b; Liu & Shao, 2010; Ruan et al. 2010; Xu et al. 2010, 2012; Shao 2012; Huang et al. 2013). This topic has been extensively investigated for 100 years with more achievements in many sectors and practical significance in conducting high-efficient agriculture and eco-environmental construction. The plant-soil interaction is the core issue of this topic, which has been given much attention for the past 30 years (Wu et al. 2007, 2010; Zhang et al. 2011, 2013; Xu et al. 2012, 2013).Plants and soil are the base for sustainably surviving human beings on the globe as the role of materials, energy, resources and environment (Shao & Chu 2008; Shao et al. 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012a,b; Liu & Shao, 2010; Ruan et al. 2010; Xu et al. 2010, 2012; Shao 2012; Huang et al. 2013). This topic has been extensively investigated for 100 years with more achievements in many sectors and practical significance in conducting high-efficient agriculture and eco-environmental construction. The plant-soil interaction is the core issue of this topic, which has been given much attention for the past 30 years (Wu et al. 2007, 2010; Zhang et al. 2011, 2013; Xu et al. 2012, 2013)
A Study of Real-time Transmission and Content Protection for TV News Gathering via Wireless Internet Networks
No full text面對行動電視、網路電視等新興服務所帶來龐大之競爭壓力，傳統新聞電視媒體被迫重整新聞採訪、編輯、播出(簡稱新聞採編播)等流程，以提供更低成本、更高效率之服務模式。本研究依新聞電視台透過新一代無線傳輸技術WiMAX，來提升新聞採編播效能之努力，提出兩項研究議題來促進此發展。
第一項研究議題，乃奠基於電視媒體「即時回傳新聞採訪影音內容」之需求，傳統以高成本之衛星傳輸技術來完成，現今則可考慮採用低成本之WiMAX傳輸技術。然而，已知單一座WiMAX基地台僅約能提供2?3Mbps上鏈傳輸頻寬。在影音內容維持至少standard definition (SD)畫質的要求下，現有MPEG4壓縮技術仍需2.5Mbps以上之data rate，此使其難於保證(gurantee)即時新聞採訪影音內容之傳輸服務；另一方面，由於傳輸一路SD畫質之影音內容，已幾乎消耗所有WiMAX上鏈頻寬資源，而限制其它行動應用服務使用該傳輸資源的機會，此亦將難以符合WiMAX營運商(WiMAX operator)之商業考量。據此，本研究提出多重鏈路傳輸的方法，藉由結合多個無線基地台之傳輸資源，分擔傳輸SD影音內容之負荷，並能達到網路備援(backup)的效用，以進一步保障傳輸服務品質。經分析比較後，本研究採用建置於FreeBSD 7.1版之stream control transmission protocol (SCTP)模組(其已內建多重鏈路傳輸功能──Concurrent Multipath Transfer (CMT))，並在此平台上實作多重鏈路傳輸系統，然後驗證其合併鏈路頻寬資源的效能。在經過多項實驗測試後，本研究發現諸多有利於高畫質即時影音傳輸之系統參數，同時辨識出CMT在合併鏈路頻寬資源上的問題。依所發現的問題，本研究提出改良CMT的方法──VC-CMT，以改善合併鏈路後之傳輸效能。經NS2.31 (Network Simulator with Version 2.31)模擬驗證後，證實VC-CMT能有效改善CMT傳輸效能。
第二項研究議題，乃基於電視媒體提供行動影音播出服務(包括Internet視訊服務)之需求，針對影音內容傳輸之安全性，提出解決方案。由於行動影音服務多提供於公眾無線網路傳輸環境，而在無線網路環境下存在資料容易被竊取的風險，造成內容供應業者之營運損失。然而，過去即時影音內容傳輸加密方法，通常為了滿足即時傳輸的需求而降低安全等級，使得影音內容仍存在易被竊取的問題。另一方面，由於行動終端設備之性能愈益提升，而能承載更豐富之行動影音內容。然而，豐富之行動影音內容不但需要消耗較多之傳輸頻寬，同時，也增加即時影音內容保護的困難。此外，由於現今行動終端設備的種類繁多、性能差異大，目前既有之加密機制，是否能適用於各種類型之終端設備，還有待進一步驗證。而針對不同之行動終端設備，採用不同之加密技術來保護影音內容，對於Internet視訊服務業者來說，將會增加營運上的困難。因此，本研究提出具one-time pad特性之即時影音傳輸加密機制──SVOD (Secure Video on Demand)，其可適用於不同影音內容類型、不同終端用戶設備、以及適應於網路傳輸狀態的變化，並能在影音內容「即時性」與「安全性」之間取得平衡，以有效確保行動影音服務的品質。此機制藉由定期取得終端用戶播放緩衝區之使用狀況，來動態決定加密複雜度，進而調節影音內容之發送速度(sending rate)。本研究實作系統來驗證SVOD之效能，實驗結果亦顯示所實作的SVOD系統，能確實達到前述特性，而同時兼顧行動影音服務之QoS (quality of service)與QoP (quality of protection)。Facing the intense competition resulted from the emerging multimedia services such as mobile TV and Internet TV, tranditional news TV stations are forced to rebuild the processes of news coverage, editing, and broadcasting to deliver their TV services more efficiently but in a low-cost manner. According to the context of traditional news TV media and the endeavor which news TV stations have made to use novel wireless communication technology WiMAX to facilitate above processes, we propose two research issues to assist such development.
The first issue is based on the requirement of live news transmission for TV stations. Traditionally, it is done by satellite network which is greatly expensive. Currently, it is possible to be completed by using cost-effective transmission technology WiMAX. However, to maintain the standard-definition (SD) quality, the video of live news content will normally have data rate of 2.5Mbps encoded by modern compression technique MPEG4. Given that one WiMAX base station usually has uplink bandwidth of 2 to 3Mbps, it is difficult for WiMAX to guarantee the service quality for delivering live news video program. Besides, transmiting one SD program almost exhausts the uplink bandwidth of one WiMAX base station and thus prevents other mobile applications from using this base station. It is also difficult for WiMAX operators to dedicate one WiMAX base station only to single service. Therefore, we propose the multi-link transmission approach, which aggregates bandwidth resources from multiple wireless base stations to share the load of transmitting one SD program and have the benefit of link backup for network dynamics. After surveying and literature review, we use concurrent multipath transfer (CMT) which has been embedded into the module of stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) in FreeBSD 7.1. We futher build up and fine-tune CMT system to fulfill the bandwidth aggregation and conduct experiments for evaluating this system’s performance. After several experiments, we have identified several critical parameters which can enable CMT system more suitable for real-time transmission applications. Meanwhile, we also recognize the problem of throughput degradation in CMT. Thus, we further propose a novel approach called VC-CMT (VC stands for virtual connection) to improve the throughput gains obtained from aggregated links in CMT. By using NS-2.31 (Network Simulator with Version 2.31), we can investigate VC-CMT performance. The result shows VC-CMT can more effectively aggregate the link’s bandwidth than CMT.
The second research issue is based on the requirement of delivering mobile video service and Internet video service in TV stations. We propose a solution to protect the video services from eavesdropping. Given that mobile video servces are always rendered in a pulic wireless network environment, the risk of content leakage and eavesdropping is raised and thus the content providers’ interests are easy to be infringed. However, tradidtional encryption approaches often sacrifice the security level to attain the demand of real-time transmission. Thus, the risk of content leakage and eavesdropping still exists. Besides, given that the capability of mobile devices used by clients is enhanced very soon and can play out with richer video content, to transmit richer video content will not only consumes more network bandwidth but also increase the protection difficulty. Furhtermore, due to the diversity of mobile TV devices nowadays, the performance difference between them is large. It requires further examination for current encryption approaches to realize if they can be applied for various kinds of mobile TV devices. To maintain multiple encryption approaches to protect video content due to the diversity of mobile TV devices will be a difficult task for Internet TV service providers. Therefore, we propose an encryption mechanism called SVOD (Secure Video on Demand) with one-time pad feature, which can not only be applied in different types of video content and mobile devices, but also adapt to the network dynamics. It can also leverage the requirements between real-time transmission and content security levels to effectively guarantee the service quality of mobile video applications. SVOD uses the information of playback buffer occupancy (PBO) which is fed back by client periodically to determine the encryption complexity to intervene the video server’s sending rates. We implement SVOD system and investigate its performance. The experiments show that this SVOD system can achieve the advantages mentioned above and can leverage the quality of service (QoS) and quality of protection (QoP) for mobile video services
Laccobius (Microlaccobius) hoi Liu & Fikacek 2021, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Laccobius</i> (<i>Microlaccobius</i>) <i>hoi</i> Liu & Fikáček sp. nov. 何氏flǿ牙ḃ <p>(Figs 1–5, 21, 25)</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Taiwan, Pingtung County, Ligang Township <b>[¶ffiė</b>], Erchong River [<b>二AEë</b>], 22.7982°N 120.5011°E, 32 m a. s. l.</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> <b>Holotype:</b> male (NMNS): <b>TAIWAN: PINGTUNG:</b> Ligang Township, Erchong River, 22.7982°N 120.5011°E, 32m, 26.IV.2020. Hsing-Che Liu leg. <b>Paratypes: TAIWAN: PINGTUNG:</b> 1 spec. (HCLC): same data as the holotype. <b>CHIAYI:</b> 1 male, 1 female (NCHU): Dapu Township [<b>k埔ė</b>], Zengwen Dam [<b>曾Ý水庫</b>], 17.V.2020. Kunta Ho leg. by light trap. <b>KAOHSIUNG:</b> 1 female (HCLC): Liouguei District [<b>六AE區</b>], Laonong River [<b>Ž濃ë</b>], 24.VI.2020. Hsing-Che Liu & Uitsiann Ong leg. <b>TAICHUNG:</b> 3 spec. (TARI) Wufeng District [<b>Ȃ峰區</b>], 15.V.2020. Hsing-Che Liu leg.</p> <p> <b> Description. <i>Form and Color</i></b> (Figs. 1–2). Body length 2.5–2.7 mm (holotype: 2.6 mm), maximum body width 1.7–1.9 mm (holotype: 1.9 mm). Body oval, moderately convex. Maxillary palpus light brownish yellow, blackish at the very apex of the last palpomere. Antennae yellowish to brown, antennal club slightly darker. Head black, with distinct preocular spots. Labrum and mentum black. Pronotum pale, with irregularly shaped central dark spot ca. as wide as three-fifths of pronotum width (Fig. 21). Elytra pale, with variable pattern of slightly irregular longitudinal series consisting of black spots. Whole scutellar shield black. Ventral surface black with yellowish pubescence. Leg pale yellowish.</p> <p> <i>Head.</i> Surface densely punctate, sagittal suture indistinct. Eyes moderately large, somewhat protruding, separated by ca. 2.0× the width of one eye. Labrum coarsely punctate, anterior margin not emarginate. Mentum glabrous, ca. 1.2–1.3× as wide as long. Antennae with 8 antennomeres, longer than maxillary palpus, intermediate segments (antennomeres III and IV) very short; each club antennomere of different shape, closely segmented, with long or short pubescence; antennomere VI largest, antennomere VII semicircular in shape, antennomere VIII longer than wide, tapering towards apex.</p> <p> <i>Thorax.</i> Pronotum ca. 2.6× wider than long; surface rough, loosely punctate. Surface of mesoventrite densely pubescent. Metanepisterna ca. 5.3× as long as wide, parallel-sided; metaventrite densely pubescent except along midline, slightly raised. Scutellar shield in form of equilateral triangle. Elytral surface with slightly irregular rows of serial punctures.</p> <p> <i>Legs.</i> Profemora densely pubescent basally; protibiae with longest stiff setae situated in apical third. Mesofemora almost bare, with sparse punctation; mesotibiae with longitudinal rows of stiff setae. Metafemora smooth, wider than mesofemora; metatibiae slender, slightly bent inwards.</p> <p> <i>Abdomen.</i> Ventrites I–V sparsely pubescent; Ventrite VI densely pubescent.</p> <p> <i>Male genitalia</i> (Figs. 3–5). Aedeagus 0.6 mm long, phallobase slightly narrowed and truncate basally. Median lobe very broad, slightly shorter than parameres, narrowing and membranous at apex, surface with lateral deep rugae. Parameres flattened laterally, very narrow and slightly bent inwards in dorsal and ventral views, strongly narrowing and acute in lateral view.</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> This species is very similar <i>Laccobius philipinus</i> Gentili, 2005, but can be distinguished from it by the pronotal dark spot almost as wide as the head (narrower than the head in <i>L. philipinus</i>; Fig. 6), median lobe very wide and almost of the same width throughout except at apex (median lobe moderately wide, indistinctly constricted subapically in <i>L. philipinus</i>), parameres very narrow, bent inwards, rounded at apex in dorsal and ventral views (parameres moderately wide, straight and pointed at apex in dorsal and ventral views in <i>L. philipinus</i>). For comparison with the aedeagus of the holotype of <i>L. philipinus</i>, see Figs 7–9.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The species is named after Mr. Kunta Ho who first discovered this species in Pingtung county, Taiwan.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> This species is known from central and southern Taiwan (Chiayi, Kaohsiung, Pingtung, Taichung; Fig. 27).</p> <p> <b>Bionomics.</b> Specimens from Pingtung and Kaohsiung were collected from a lowland stream and co-occurred syntopically with <i>L. formosus</i> and <i>L. roseiceps</i> (Fig. 25). Specimens from Chiayi were collected in a light trap set near a water reservoir. Specimens from Taichung were collected from a small stream and co-occurred syntopically with <i>L. hammondi</i> (Fig. 24), but <i>L hoi</i> sp. nov. was much less abundant than <i>L. hammondi.</i></p> <p> <b>Comments.</b> Gentili (2005) described <i>L. philipinus</i> from the Philippines, but included a single female from Taiwan in the type series. The Taiwanese specimen was collected in Liukui near Kaohsiung. The first author of this study (HCL) visited the area in 2020 and collected the Hydrophilidae from streams and wet rocks in Liukui and surrounding areas in the Kaohsiung county. Three species of <i>Laccobius</i> were found: <i>L. formosus</i>, <i>L. roseiceps</i> and <i>L. hoi</i> sp. nov., but no specimens of <i>L. philipinus</i>. <i>Laccobius philipinus</i> and <i>L. hoi</i> sp. nov. are very similar externally, despite their male genitalia which differ obviously between the species (see differential diagnosis). The paratype of <i>L philipinus</i> from Taiwan designated by Gentili (2005) is deposited in the collection of Elio Gentili in Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona, Italy, and was not examined by us. It seems to correspond to <i>L. hoi</i> sp. nov. by the size of the pronotal dark spot (E. Gentili, pers. comm. July 2020). Therefore, we remove <i>L. philipinus</i> from the Taiwanese fauna.</p>Published as part of <i>Liu, Hsing-Che & Fikáček, Martin, 2021, Review of the Taiwanese Laccobius Erichson, 1837 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) with description of a new species, pp. 587-599 in Zootaxa 4963 (3)</i> on pages 592-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4963.3.11, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4704278">http://zenodo.org/record/4704278</a>
Bergeriella Liu & Shao & Gong & Li & Lin & Song 2010, GEN. NOV.
No full textBERGERIELLA GEN. NOV. <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> Bergeriellids with three rows of frontal cirri, to which the midventral rows lie posteriorly; buccal cirri close to paroral membrane; transverse and caudal cirri absent; one right and one left marginal row strongly spiralled, with most parts displaced on dorsal side; several enlarged postoral</p> <p>Abbreviations: AM, adoral membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; CV, coefficient of variation (in %); DK, dorsal kineties; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; LMVC, left midventral cirri; LVR, left ventral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; NMR, non-migratory row; PVR, postoral ventral rows; RMR, right marginal row; RMVC, right midventral cirri; SD, standard deviation.</p> <p>ventral rows formed from the central part of the posterior FVT anlagen.</p> <p> <i>Dedication and etymology:</i> We dedicate this new genus to our eminent Austrian colleague, Dr Helmut Berger, in recognition of his great contribution to ciliatology, especially in the taxonomy and systematics of hypotrichs. Gender: female. (Note: <i>Bergeriella</i> is also used as a generic name of a bacterium. However, zoological nomenclature is independent of other systems of nomenclature, and therefore this name can be used here; ICZN, 1999: article 1.4).</p> <p> <i>Type species:</i> <i>Bergeriella ovata</i> gen. et sp. nov.</p>Published as part of <i>Liu, Weiwei, Shao, Chen, Gong, Jun, Li, Jiqiu, Lin, Xiaofeng & Song, Weibo, 2010, Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea, pp. 697-710 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (4)</i> on pages 699-700, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00565.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5438412">http://zenodo.org/record/5438412</a>
Laccobius (Microlaccobius) formosus Gentili 1979
No full textLaccobius (Microlaccobius) formosus Gentili, 1979 台灣flǿ牙ḃ (Figs 11, 15, 19, 23) Laccobius (Microlaccobius) formosus Gentili, 1979: 48. Material examined. TAIWAN: TAITUNG: 1 male, 3 females, (NMNS): Lanyu [ae嶼], Yonghsing, 17-19.VIII.1998. H.T.Shih & K.W.Huang. L.I.T, [specimens NMNS ENT 3209-1094, 3209-1690, 3209-1141, 3209-1403]; 1 male, (NMNS): Donghe [東河], Jindonglai Forest Road, 4.VIII.2012, Y. T. Wang leg, Light. KAOHSIUNG: 1 male, 6 spec., (NMNS): Liukuei, Shanping [Oi平], 22-23.IV.2004. C.S.Lin & W.T.Yang, UV light trap, [specimens NMNS ENT 4409-723, 4409-737, 4409-712, 4409-919, 4409-734, 4409-709, 4409-711]; 1 male, (HCLC): Liouguei District [六 AE區], Laonong River [Ž濃ë], 22.996017°N 120.638178°E, 229m, 24.VI.2020. Hsing-Che Liu & Uitsiann Ong leg. HSINCHU: 1 male, 1 female, (HCLC): Hengshan Township [DZ山ė], Youluo Stream [油ǎë], 24.714584°N 121.141335°E, 172 m, 14.II.2019. Hsing-Che Liu leg. NANTOU: 1 males, 5 spec., (NMNS): Puli Township [埔¶ D], Meixi [眉ë], 23.988475°N 121.017601°E, 536m, 12.II.2020. Hsing-Che Liu leg.; 9 spec., (NMPC) 4.4 km W of Puli Township start of the Shikeng Road, 530 m 23.988000, 121.017833 15.II.2020. Fikáček, Hu, Liang & Liu lgt. (2020-TW003). PINGTUNG: 1 spec., (TARI): Neipu [內埔], 26.II.2020. Y.-T. Chung leg.; 1 male, 2 spec., (HCLC) Ligang Township [¶ffiė], Erchong River [二AEë], 22.7982°N 120.5011°E, 32m, 26.IV.2020. Hsing- Che Liu leg. TAINAN: 1 male, (HCLC): Zuozhen District [左D區], Jiaotan [m潭], 23.V.2020. by light trap, Kunta Ho & Wei-Chai Wang leg. TAICHUNG: 8 spec. (NMPC): Heping distr,, Bashianshan Mts., Dajiaxi River at Songhe village, 24.17996°N 120.98233°E, 665 m, 5.i.2018, stony river partly with gravel banks: in fine gravel below stones and in green algae mats at the side of the river, Fikáček, Liang & Hsiao lgt. (2018-TW01); 1 spec. (NMPC): Heping distr., Xueshankengxi River E of Taoshan village, 24.32684°N 120.95377°E, 743 m, 6.i.2018, in gravel and among algae at side of a large stony river, Fikáček, Liang, Hsiao lgt. (2018-TW06). Published records. Taihoku [= Taipei] (Gentili 1979). Chipon [= Taitung County]; Kaohsiung; Heito [= Pintung County]; Hualien; Ilan [= Yilan] (Gentili 1989, 1995); New Taipei (Gentili 2003). Diagnosis. Body size 2.2–2.7 mm, body width 1.6–1.9 mm. Body oval (Fig. 11). head black with preocular yellowish spots, Antennae with 8 antennomeres. Pronotum pale, with a large slightly metallic central dark spot (Fig. 19). Elytra surface pale, with dense slightly irregular series of dark spots. Male genitalia (Fig. 15): Aedeagus 0.7 mm long. Median lobe slender, rounded and membranous at apex; parameres much longer than median lobe, apex widely rounded and membranous, truncate inwards. Differential diagnosis. Laccobius formosus Gentili, 1979 is very similar to L. fragilis Nakane, 1966, from which it only differs in the median lobe broadly rounded at apex. Distribution. China (Gansu, Guandong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Shandong), Russia (Far East), Taiwan (Fig. 27) (Przewoźny 2020, this paper). In Taiwan, L. formosus is distributed throughout the main island. Bionomics. All specimens were collected from stony streams (Fig. 23).Published as part of Liu, Hsing-Che & Fikáček, Martin, 2021, Review of the Taiwanese Laccobius Erichson, 1837 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) with description of a new species, pp. 587-599 in Zootaxa 4963 (3) on pages 588-590, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4963.3.11, http://zenodo.org/record/470427
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