1,721,145 research outputs found
A framework for assessing cadastral data as a source for 3D indoor modelling
No full textThis article focuses on 3D indoor modelling of buildings using cadastral data as an alternative way of indoor spatial data acquisition. Despite the rapid development of indoor spatial data acquisition technology, there are no existing solutions that would enable mass acquisition of indoor data. The main motivation for our research was the general difficulty of indoor spatial data acquisition and consequently modelling, which is needed in particular for the purpose of indoor location-based services, while there is a large amount of cadastral data available that can be used for 3D indoor modelling. For the case study, we chose the Slovenian Building Cadastre, which provides a technical basis for condominium establishment and is the only centrally maintained and accessible database that contains data about building interior structure in Slovenia. We designed a framework for 3D indoor modelling based on cadastral data, comprised of a chain of processes, starting from initial cadastral data and ending with the IndoorGML document. The OGC IndoorGML standard is used for final outputs, as it provides a standardized data model for the representation and exchange of indoor spatial information designed for indoor navigation and location-based services. The process chain consists of three main parts, which are described in detail and summed up in a flowchart diagram. Our aim has been to design each process in the most generic way as possible, while also considering the particularities of Slovenian cadastral data. The proposed approach is software independent and can be implemented using various spatially enabled software packages. The study provides a good example of the cadastral data usefulness for 3D indoor modelling for Slovenia and can be used in many countries having a similar condominium registration system, i. e. land administration
Mass improvement of land cadastre data using new measurements
Get PDFThe diploma thesis represents the land cadastre in Slovenia, which was initially established for the\ud
purpose of land taxation. Nowadays, the land cadastre has different functions and is the basis for real\ud
property management. Different periods of land cadastre development have been represented, which\ud
brought also different approaches to land cadastre maintenance. The emphasis has been given on the\ud
procedure of mass new cadastral measurements, which gives the possibility to mass improvement of\ud
land cadastre data quality. The procedure of mass new cadastral measurements has been compared to\ud
the procedures in the past and to the approach, which is defined in the Austrian cadastral system.\ud
Among the other, we have found out, that Slovenian legislation has comparable procedure to Austrian\ud
new cadastral measurements, but in the legislation it is defined as “establishment of land cadastre”
GIS tools to support decision making in the implementation of land consolidation
Get PDFV magistrskem delu smo preučevali prostorsko-lastniško preurejanje prostora v postopku komasacije kmetijskih zemljišč. Osredotočili smo se na analizo kriterijev nove razdelitve komasacijskega sklada. Najprej smo predstavili stanje, izzive in priložnosti komasacij v Evropi. Evropski strokovnjaki vidijo velik pomen komasacij za celostni razvoj podeželja in kmetijstva, vključno z ohranjanjem narave in dvigovanjem življenjskega standarda na podeželju. Večji poudarek smo namenili uporabi GIS-orodij v podporo odločanju pri izvedbi komasacij in več-kriterijskemu odločanju, ki predstavlja izziv pri prostorsko-lastniškemu preurejanju zemljišč. Predstavili smo dva spodbudna primera izvedbe komasacij v tujini, kjer so razvili GIS-sistem za podporo več-kriterijskega odločanja. Nato smo se osredotočili na slovensko zakonodajo na področju prostorsko-lastniškega preurejanja zemljišč, s poudarkom na komasacijah. Za boljšo predstavo o trenutnem stanju v praksi smo izvedli študijo uporabe GIS-orodij pri komasacijah v Sloveniji. Izvedli smo intervju z izvajalci komasacij, kjer smo spraševali o uporabljenih GIS-orodjih v postopku nove razdelitve komasacijskega sklada ter morebitnih možnostih samodejnega več-kriterijskega odločanja. Rezultati študije so pokazali, da so GIS-orodja nepogrešljiva, saj olajšajo tehnično izvedbo komasacij. Pri novi razdelitvi komasacijskega sklada je treba upoštevati številne kriterije, od katerih pa so le redki vgrajeni in samodejno izvedljivi v GIS-programski opremi. Študija je pokazala, da GIS-orodja predstavljajo veliko tehnično pomoč pri razdelitvi komasacijskega sklada. Upoštevanje kriterijev in končne odločitve pa so še vedno prepuščene izvajalcu komasacije.This Master thesis studies the land plot rearrangements in the process of agricultural land consolidation. It focuses on analysing criteria of the new land distribution of the consolidated area. It first presents the state, challenges, and opportunities of consolidations in Europe. European experts see land consolidation as an important measure for the overall development of the countryside and agriculture, including the preservation of nature and raising the living standard in the countryside. The emphasis was dedicated to the use of GIS tools as a support to the decision making in the execution of land consolidations and the multi-criteria decision making that present a challenge and in the spatial-ownership land rearranging. The paper showcases two examples of consolidation executions abroad, where a GIS system was developed to support the multi-criteria decision making. The focus is then shifted to the Slovene legislation in the field of land consolidation, with the emphasis on the criteria for the new land distribution. To better present the current state in practice, a study was done on the use of GIS tools in consolidations in Slovenia. Consolidation contractors were interviewed, looking to find out more about the GIS tools used in the process of the new land distribution and about the possibility of an automatic multi-criteria decision making. The results of the study showed, that the GIS tools are essential, as they ease the technical side of consolidations. While the consolidated land is redistributed, many criteria must be abided by, and very few of these are integrated and automatically executed by the GIS programming. The study showed that the GIS tools represent a considerable technical assistance in the distribution of the consolidation fund. Complying with the criteria and the final decisions are still left to the consolidation contractors
Identification of tie points and improvement of the positional accuracy for land cadastre index maps, based on membrane method in the cadastral municipality of Žažar
No full textV diplomski nalogi je predstavljen eden izmed možnih pristopov izboljšanja položajne natančnosti
digitaliziranih grafičnih katastrskih načrtov na osnovi t. i. membranske metode. Grafični katastrski
načrti so zaradi tehnologije izmere, slabe matematične osnove, nekakovostnega vzdrževanja načrtov
skozi zgodovino ter posledične nehomogenosti načrtov le pogojno primerni za strokovno rabo, zato je
mnogo pozornosti usmerjeno v izboljšanje položajne natančnosti teh načrtov. V tem diplomskem delu
je opisan pristop k izboljšanju položajne natančnosti zemljiško-katastrskega prikaza (ZKP) na
območju katastrske občine Žažar in temelji na upoštevanju osnov geodetske izmere in izravnave
opazovanj (metoda najmanjših kvadratov MNK, zakon o prenosu varianc in kovarianc ...). Opisan je
celoten postopek določitve, identifikacije (na terenu) in geodetske izmere tako imenovanih veznih točk
ter nadaljnja računska obdelava tako pridobljenih podatkov skupaj s podatki iz arhiva zemljiškega
katastra s programskim orodjem Systra, ki se opira na načela t. i. membranske metode. Namen je
predvsem oceniti ustreznost uporabe raznolikih veznih točk (mejna znamenja katastrskih občin,
mejniki parcel ...), določiti njihovo optimalno razporeditev na študijskem območju ter izbrati
najprimernejšo metodo geodetske izmere veznih točk za izboljšanje položajne natančnosti ZKP-ja. Na
podlagi pridobljenih rezultatov izboljšave položajne natančnosti ZKP z membransko metodo se lahko
nadalje izvede primerjava z že obstoječimi metodami (trikotniško odsekoma afina transformacija ...) in
ocenijo prednosti in slabosti obravnavane metode.The diploma thesis presents one of the possible approaches to improve the positional accuracy of
digitalized graphical cadastral maps based on membrane method. Graphical cadastral maps became
practically useless or conditional applicable to professional use due to measurement techniques,
mathematical foundations of cadastral surveying, poor maintenance through the history and
consequently the heterogeneity of the cadastral index maps. Because of this, much attention has been
focused on improving of the positional accuracy of these maps. This work describes the approach to
the improvement of land-cadastral index map positional accuracy within the cadastral municipality of
Žažar and is based on surveying principles such as measurements, adjustment (least square method,
error propagation etc.). In the thesis, the entire process of determination, identification (in the field),
surveying measurements of the »tie points« and their further processing together with other data from
the land cadastre by the software tool Systra, based on the principles of membrane method, is
described. The main purpose has been to evaluate the use of different identical (tie) points, to
determine their optimal arrangement in the study area and to determine the optimal approach to
measurements to determine their position for the purpose of improving the positional accuracy of land
cadastral index maps. The results of the improved positional accuracy of land cadastral index maps in
this study might be further used for comparative analysis with the results of other studies relating to
the improvement of positional accuracy of land cadastral index maps, where the advantages and
disadvantages of different approaches should be determined
The analysis of data model and real property registry data
Get PDFMagistrsko delo v začetnem delu podaja pregled vzpostavitve katastra stavb in registra nepremičnin v Sloveniji. Pregledu dejavnosti na področju vzpostavitve teh dveh evidenc sledi predstavitev aktualnega podatkovnega modela registra nepremičnin (REN). Poseben poudarek naloge je na analizi podatkovnega modela REN in na proučevanju podatkov, ki so potrebni za posamezne modele množičnega ocenjevanja posplošene tržne vrednosti nepremičnin. Podrobneje je predstavljen način spreminjanja podatkov v REN. Za izbrane modele množičnega vrednotenja, t. j. za stanovanja, hiše,
lokale in pisarne, so opisani koraki izračuna vrednosti in prikazane enačbe, po katerih izračunamo posplošeno tržno vrednost. V praktičnem delu naloge je opisan podatkovni model REN, vključno z grafično predstavitvijo povezav med posameznimi odvisnimi tabelami podatkovne zbirke. Na izbranih študijskih primerih so predstavljeni primeri napak v REN. Za izbrane primere je predstavljena sprememba podatkov z elaboratom (za katastrski vpis) in s poenostavljenim načinom vpisa. V sklepnem delu podajamo ugotovitve o popolnosti podatkovne zbirke REN ter nekaj predlogov, kako kakovost podatkov o nepremičninah izboljšati.In the beginning of the master\u27s thesis, an overview of the set up of the buildings cadastere and real estate land register in Slovenia is given. The overall view of the activities in the set-up field of these two registers is followed by the presentation of the actual data model of the real estate register (REN). The thesis especially emphasises the analysis of the data model REN and the studies of the data needed for individual models of mass assessment of general market value of real estate. The manner of data changes in REN is presented in more detail. The steps of value calculations are described for the chosen models of mass assessment i.e. apartments, houses, premises and offices and the equations used to calculate the general market value are given. The practical part of the thesis contains the description of the data model REN including the graphic presentation of the connections between the individual dependent tables of the data collection. Study examples have been chosen to show examples of mistakes in REN. Data changes with the study report (for cadastre registration record) are presented for the chosen examples accompanied by the simplified manner of registration record. In the conclusion, the findings on the imperfection of the data collection REN are given together with suggestions how to improve the quality of real estate data
Analysis of spatial changes based on archival material of Franziscean Land Cadastre of Carniola
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Reconciliation of the land cadastre and state border data at the Slovenian-Italian border
Get PDFThe main topic of the thesis is registering of state border and adjustment of land cadastre data with the state border data for the case of Slovenian-Italian border. For this purpose, data from the official state border evidence and land cadastre data in the Republic of Slovenia have been used; additionally, archive data about evidencing of state border at the regional office of the Surveying and Mapping Authority in Nova Gorica have been used, and legislation as well as other professional literature from the study field have been studied. In the thesis, some basic terms from the study field are explained in the beginning, followed by the description of Slovenian-Italian border, including its changes through the history and its current situation. Further on, the contents of state border documentation and procedures for recording of the state border are presented, accompanied by the examples from the practice at the Slovenian-Italian border. These study cases are mostly about the adjustment of the cadastre data with the data about state borderline from the official evidence, and about the procedures for preparing new documentation about the state border. In the framework of this thesis, we tried to define the reasons for such a discrepancy between the land cadastre data and data about state border, which lead us to the conclusion, that this was mainly the consequence of digitalisation of the state border documentation and of the cadastral maps. Copying, tracing and transfer of the data among different media, formats and forms of evidence also played an important role
Determination of plot patterns and their changes in slovenian rural areas
Get PDFPolja, tj. zaokrožena območja kmetijskih obdelovalnih površin, se med seboj razlikujejo po obliki in velikosti parcel, posestni razdrobljenosti in razpršenosti ter rabi prostora. Opisovanje značilnosti prostora – tudi polja – je enoznačno z merljivimi oziroma številčnimi vrednostmi (kazalniki oziroma indeksi), kar je predmet obravnave doktorske naloge. Oblikovali smo nabor medsebojno neodvisnih
indeksov, določenih na ravni enote, razreda ali območja. Vrednosti indeksov smo določili za izbranih 22 polj grud, delcev, sklenjenih prog in celkov v Sloveniji na podlagi podatkov iz leta 2015, za izbrana polja pa tudi iz časa nastanka franciscejskega katastra. Analiza dobljenih vrednosti indeksov ter statistična obdelava podatkov sta pokazali, da lahko z indeksom oblike parcel (IOP), indeksom
posestne razdrobljenosti (K), indeksom posestne razpršenosti (SD) in Simpsonovim indeksom pestrosti rabe (SIDI) dobro opišemo značilnosti polja. Nizka vrednost indeksa IOP kaže na parcele nepravilnih oblik za polja v grudah in celkih. Delci in polja na vinogradniških območjih imajo visoko vrednost IOP, kar kaže na parcele pravilnejših oblik. Celki in polja na vinogradniških območjih imajo visoko vrednost indeksov K in SD, kar kaže na majhno posestno razdrobljenost in razpršenost. Na vseh ostalih poljih je posest močno razdrobljena in razpršena (nizka vrednost indeksov K in SD). Polja na vinogradniških območjih izstopajo po pestrosti rabe (indeks SIDI). Ugotovili smo, da težko razmejujemo tipe poljske razdelitve le na podlagi enega indeksa, s poznavanjem več indeksov pa je to mogoče. To smo potrdili tudi z metodo hierarhičnega razvrščanja, s katero so se testna polja, na podlagi statističnih vrednosti indeksov, razvrstila v grude, delce, sklenjene proge in celke, v svojo skupino pa so se uvrstila tudi polja na vinogradniških območjih. Zaradi odstopanja vrednosti indeksov za polja na vinogradniških območjih od ostalih tipov poljske razdelitve predlagamo, da se ta polja
razvrstijo v svoj tip poljske razdelitve. Primerjava indeksov v dveh časovnih obdobjih je potrdila uporabno vrednost indeksov za ugotavljanje sprememb v prostoru, kar bi bilo smiselno uporabiti pri stalnem spremljanju stanja prostora. Indeks SIDI pokaže na večje spremembe rabe prostora v dveh časovnih obdobjih, medtem ko se oblike parcel niso bistveno spreminjale, prav tako pa tudi ne
posestna razdrobljenost in razpršenost. Indekse smo oblikovali za opisovanje značilnosti polja, vendar
jih lahko uporabimo za opisovanje različnih prostorskih pojavov, kar smo nakazali v zaključnih poglavjih naloge.Fields, i.e. enclosed areas of arable land, are distinguished according to parcel shape and size, land
fragmentation, land dispersion, and land use. The description of characteristics of a space, including a
field, is unique when expressed in measurable, i.e. quantifiable values (indicators or indices), and this
was the subject dealt with in this doctoral thesis. We designed a set of mutually independent indices
determined either at the level of a unit, a class, or an area. The values of the indices were determined
for the selected 22 fields as irregular blocks, furlongs, continuous strips, and enclosures based on the
2015 data and for selected fields also the data from the Franciscan Cadastre. The analysis of the
obtained index values and statistical data processing showed that field characteristics are well
described by the parcel shape index (IOP), index of land fragmentation (K), index of land dispersion
(SD), and the Simpson’s Diversity Index (SIDI). The low IOP index points to irregularly shaped
parcels as fields in irregular blocks and enclosures. Furlongs and fields in winegrowing areas have a
high IOP, which points to parcels of more regular shapes. Enclosures and fields in winegrowing areas
have high K and SD indices, which points to small land fragmentation and land dispersion. In all other
types of fields, land fragmentation and land dispersion are strong (low K and SD indices). Fields in
winegrowing areas particularly stand out in terms of land use diversity (SIDI index). We also found
that using only one index it is difficult to distinguish between the types of arable land division, while
this is possible if we use more indices. This was confirmed using the hierarchical clustering method to
classify the test fields, based on the statistical values of the indices, into irregular blocks, furlongs,
continuous strips, and enclosures and, as a separate group, fields in winegrowing areas. Notably, due
to the deviation of the indices for the fields in winegrowing areas from other types of arable land
division, we propose that these fields are classified as a separate type of arable land division. The
comparison of indices in two time periods confirmed the practical application of the indices for
identifying the changes in space, which could be reasonably used in continuous monitoring of land
use. The SIDI index points to significant changes in land use in two periods, while the parcel shapes as
well as land fragmentation and dispersion did not change significantly. Even though the indices were
formed to describe field characteristics, they can be also used for describing various spatial
phenomena, as proposed in the final chapters of this thesis
The analyses of the selected cadastral boundary adjustment cases
Get PDFTematika diplomske naloge je povezana s katastrskim postopkom izravnave meje. Slovenska zakonodaja na področju zemljiškega katastra je pred dvema desetletjema uvedla nov katastrski postopek posamičnega preurejanja mej zemljiških parcel, to je izravnavo mej. Zaradi ohlapnih določil se v praksi ta postopek uporablja v različne namene, po drugi strani pa izravnava meje ne omogoča vedno rešitve zaradi zakonsko določenih omejitev. Namen diplomske naloge je preučiti izbrane primere postopkov izravnave meje, kot so evidentirani in dokumentirani v sistemu zemljiškega katastra, za boljše razumevanje potreb zemljiškega preurejanja v praski ter ugotovitev morebitnih zakonskih pomanjkljivosti. Obravnavani primeri so izbrani in predstavljeni v sodelovanju s pooblaščenim inženirjem geodezije. Ugotovili smo, da je postal katastrski postopek izravnave meje je pomemben instrument za posamično preurejanje parcelnih meja, ki se v praski uporablja za raznolike primere (pre)urejanja poteka lastniških meja, ki jih s postopki ureditve meje in parcelacije ne bi bilo mogoče urediti ali pa bi postopek bil nesorazmerno bolj zapleten.The topic of the diploma thesis is closely related to the cadastral procedure of boundary adjustment. Two decades ago, the Slovenian legislation in the field of land cadastre introduced a new cadastral process for individual rearrangement of cadastral boundaries, called boundary adjustment. The procedure of boundary adjustment is used for various purposes due to the weak legal provisions. Still, on the other hand, the instrument of boundary adjustment does not always allow us to find a solution due to legal restrictions. The purpose of the diploma thesis has been to analyse the selected boundary adjustment cases, as recorded in the official documentation of the land cadastre, aiming to understand better the cadastral boundaries’ readjustments needs in the practices and to identify the possible legal weakness of the current measure. The selected boundary adjustment cases have been analysed and presented in collaboration with a certified surveying engineer. It has been shown that boundary adjustment has become an important instrument of the individual cadastral boundary rearrangements. In the practice, it is used for various cadastral cases, which could not be solved only by boundary settlement and land subdivision or the process would be disproportionately more complex
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