1,721,020 research outputs found
Traditional balsamic vinegar
No full textThe term ‘balsamic vinegar’ is frequently applied to describe sauces, condiments
and dressings with particular sweet taste. In Italy there are two types of balsamic
vinegar: ‘balsamic vinegar of Modena’ and ‘traditional balsamic vinegar’. The first
is a flavoured wine vinegar obtained by blending cooked must and wine vinegar
and, in some cases, by adding a small amount of caramel. Traditional balsamic
vinegar (TBV) is made in Modena and Reggio Emilia with cooked grape must,
through a three-step process: conversion of sugars to ethanol by yeasts; oxidation
of ethanol to acetic acid by acetic acid bacteria (AAB); and, finally, at least 12 years
of ageing. The final product is a highly dense, dark-brown aged vinegar, having a
sweet and sour taste, fruity and complex in flavour
Acetic Acid Bacteria Taxonomy from Early Descriptions to Molecular Techniques
No full textThe exploitation of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) has a long history in fermentation
processes and now represents an emerging field in biotechnological applications,
especially with regard to the biosynthesis of useful chemicals with a potentially
high economic value and, in food science, through the standardization of micro-
biological processes for the manufacture of both vinegar and other fermented
beverages.
Historically, AAB were recognized as ‘vinegar bacteria’ because the first stud-
ies were done on vinegar, and later on wine and beer spoilage. In fact, vinegar
AAB are a subset of a larger AAB group, which includes bacteria that interact with
flowers, fruits, the rhizosphere of plants, and even human beings (Table 3.1). It is
generally recognized that AAB are fastidious microorganisms, which means that
many of them are difficult to grow on laboratory media. Many efforts have been
made to isolate and culture colonies of AAB. Several media have been suggested
and tried, but none of them appears to satisfy the growth requirements of AAB.
This has hindered the application of cultivation-based techniques to the study of
AAB and, consequently, their taxonomic classification. However, the recent dis-
covery of new culture-independent methods has opened up new horizons for the
systematic study of AAB
Bioprospecting for bioactive peptide production by lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented dairy food
No full textTable S1 of the review article "Bioprospecting for bioactive peptide production by lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented dairy food"
by Davide Tagliazucchi, Serena Martini and Lisa Solieri</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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