38 research outputs found
Forecasting banknotes
No full textA central bank’s liquidity forecast is important in ensuring that it supplies the banking system’s need for central bank money. Banknote (or currency in circulation) demand is the largest and for some central banks the most variable component of the liquidity forecast. Accurate forecasting of banknotes is essential in ensuring an accurate liquidity forecast and in turn effective monetary policy implementation. This Handbook discusses these issues and outlines a structural time series state space (STSSS) model which is now used by central banks including the Bank of England and ECB to forecast banknotes (currency in circulation).Forecasting banknotes
Outcomes of ureteroscopy for stone disease in anomalous kidneys: a systematic review
No full textIntroduction: Treatment of stone disease in anomalous kidneys can be challenging. As ureteroscopy (URS) has advanced, the number of studies reporting on outcomes of URS for stone disease in anomalous kidneys has increased. Our objective was to perform a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the outcomes of URS for stone disease in this group of patients. Methods: A Cochrane style review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines using Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus and individual urologic journals for all English language articles between inception and June 2018. Results: Fourteen papers (413 patients) with a mean age of 43 years and a male to female ratio of 285:128 were included. The underlying renal anomaly was horseshoe kidney (n = 204), ectopic kidney (n = 117), malrotation (n = 86), cross fused ectopia (n = 2) and others (n = 2). With a mean stone size of 16 mm (range 2–35 mm), the majority of stones were in the lower pole (n = 143, 34.6%) or renal pelvis (n = 128, 31.0%), with 18.9% (n = 78) having stones in multiple locations. Treatment modality included the use of flexible ureteroscope in 90% of patients and ureteral access sheath used in 11 studies. With a mean operative time of 61.3 min (range 14–185 min), the initial and final SFR was 76.6% (n = 322) and 82.3% (n = 340), respectively. The overall complication rate was 17.2% (n = 71), of which 14.8% were Clavien I/II and the remaining 2.4% were Clavien ≥ III complications. Conclusion: Although ureteroscopy in patients with anomalous kidneys can be technically challenging, advancements in endourological techniques have made it a safe and effective procedure. In these patients the stone-free rates are good with a low risk of major complications.</p
Unrest in the Roman Empire
No full textDespite Roman claims to have brought peace, unrest was widespread in the Roman empire. Revolts, protests and piracy were common occurrences. How did contemporaries relate to and make sense of such phenomena? This volume gathers eleven contributions by specialists in the various literatures and modes of thinking that flourished in the empire between the second century BCE and the fifth century CE - including Graeco-Roman historiography and philosophy, Jewish prophecy, Christian apology and the writings of the Tannaitic rabbis - to investigate these questions. Each contribution analyses the discourses by which the diverse authors of these texts understood instances of unrest. Together the contributions expand our understanding of the varied politics that pervaded the Roman empire. They highlight the intellectual labour at every level of society that went to (re)making this imperial formation throughout its long history. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcod
Unrest in the Roman Empire
No full textDespite Roman claims to have brought peace, unrest was widespread in the Roman empire. Revolts, protests and piracy were common occurrences. How did contemporaries relate to and make sense of such phenomena? This volume gathers eleven contributions by specialists in the various literatures and modes of thinking that flourished in the empire between the second century BCE and the fifth century CE - including Graeco-Roman historiography and philosophy, Jewish prophecy, Christian apology and the writings of the Tannaitic rabbis - to investigate these questions. Each contribution analyses the discourses by which the diverse authors of these texts understood instances of unrest. Together the contributions expand our understanding of the varied politics that pervaded the Roman empire. They highlight the intellectual labour at every level of society that went to (re)making this imperial formation throughout its long history. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcod
The Roman Language of civil war: from Internal War and stasis to bellum civile
No full textThis paper retraces what remains of the Roman republican conceptual debate about different kinds of unrest: internal war and/or rebellion; civil strife; and civil war. Necessarily these concepts also intersect with related Greek traditions, and were furthermore developed by those Greek historians of the Roman Empire to have fortunately come down to us. This paper will trace that conceptual debate back to the Punic Wars and survey its development over time. As they sought to understand their contemporary history, the Romans of the Middle and Late Republic looked back on the conquest of Italy and the Punic Wars. In doing so, they encountered numerous parallels to their own times, but (initially) with differences of scale and emphasis. Certainly there were revolts during the 2nd century, but mainly outside Italy: rebellions in Spain, the Corsican and Sardinian rebellions of the 180s & 170s BCE, the fourth Macedonian War, the rebellion of the Achaean League, Aristonicus, the Allobroges, the so-called Sicilian Servile Wars, Tolosa’s revolt in in 109 BCE, and Jugurtha. All these were former allies or subject territories that rebelled (Maschek 2018, 83-90 on violence and war during the 2nd century BCE). But importantly, with the destruction of Fregellae in 125 BCE there came a shift. Nothing would be ever the same in Italia. The Romans had destroyed an allied city in central Italy: this is recognisably more internecine, domestic, and internal than the revolts of earlier in the century. Fregellae was just as important to the history of Rome’s civil wars as the crisis caused by the Gracchan reform attempts, although scholars tend to overlook it. By joining the dots between the case of the rebellious Falerii in the 3rd century as told by Polybius, the destruction of Fregellae followed by stasis/seditio and, finally, full-blown bellum civile, this paper will trace the development of the language of internal unrest during the period from 241 BCE to the first civil war between Sulla and Marius. It offers a reinterpretation of the relation and interaction between concepts such as revolt and/or rebellion – that is, challenges to the Roman order – and the ancient terms of emphylios polemos, stasis, seditio, and bellum civile
Unrest in the Roman empire:a discursive history
No full textDespite Roman claims to have brought peace, unrest was widespread in the Roman empire. Revolts, protests and piracy were common occurrences. How did contemporaries relate to and make sense of such phenomena? This volume gathers eleven contributions by specialists in the various literatures and modes of thinking that flourished in the empire between the second century BCE and the fifth century CE - including Graeco-Roman historiography and philosophy, Jewish prophecy, Christian apology and the writings of the Tannaitic rabbis - to investigate these questions. Each contribution analyses the discourses by which the diverse authors of these texts understood instances of unrest. Together the contributions expand our understanding of the varied politics that pervaded the Roman empire. They highlight the intellectual labour at every level of society that went to (re)making this imperial formation throughout its long history
