922 research outputs found
[Letter from Alex Bradford to Lieutenant and Mrs. Ray Starner - November 4, 1940]
No full textLetter from Alex Bradford to Lieutenant and Mrs. Ray Starner describing the the current state of affairs that the author was experiencing, including: the London blitz, the moral of the troops on the ground, and the collective company of men opposing the Nazi regime
Infrastructure bottlenecks, private provision, and industrial productivity : a study of Indonesian and Thai cities
No full textThis research project followed an earlier similar project on Nigeria, applying the same methods. A sample of manufacturers was surveyed to document their responses to infrastructure deficiencies in electricity, water, transport, telecommunications, and waste disposal. They found the manufacturers undertook significant expenditures to offset deficiencies in publicly provided infrastructure services, and that changing public policy toward privately supplied infrastructure and changing the pricing of public infrastructure could yield significant savings in social costs. Thailand and Indonesia have made significant strides in following the policies for private sector participation in infrastructure provision. Nigeria, where public infrastructure monopolies still dominate, lags behind, yet stands to benefit most from such policy reform. Government policy toward the industrial organization and pricing of infrastructure sectors can significantly help a developing economy realize the benefits of private sector participation in the provision of infrastructure services.Banks&Banking Reform,Decentralization,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Environmental Economics&Policies,Municipal Financial Management,Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Financial Management,Urban Services to the Poor,Urban Services to the Poor,Public Sector Economics&Finance
Pharmacological blockade of G-protein coupled receptors : interventions to alter expression or internalization
No full textThe once and future publishing library
No full textThis report looks at topic of libraries as publishers, with investigations mainly in the U.S. research institution context.
Specifically, we reviewed existing literature and conducted a survey of members of the Library Publishing Coalition, seeking to learn the kinds of activities they are undertaking as publishing, the business models they are using, their definitions of success, and their attitudes tow ard open access or end-user pay models. Our aim was to better under - stand this emerging sphere of library activity and its possible future in the scholarly communication and publishing sphere. Will library publishing grow and be sustainable? Will libraries play a new and permanent role? If so, in what way and what will be required?
When we refer to libraries as publishers, we consider the range of transactions in which library leaders and staff conceive, evaluate, support, and ultimately produce what we now call content for broad public dissemination, in whatever medium. We say this in full awareness that different observers will draw in different places the line between “publication” and something less structured, coherent, or significant. That ambiguity is an implicit theme of what follows.
We consulted the growing number of articles and other publications (Appendix A) to better understand the range of ideas that underlie library-as-publisher discourse. Distinguishing the different strains of activity and expectation that animate current conversa - tions can help us understand not only the present moment but also the varied possibilities that loom ahead. We also look at the sub-topic of funding the library publishing enterprise, as well as the sustainability of today’s endeavors, so we present results from a small survey of about 50 librarie
Beyond recurrent costs: an institutional analysis of the unsustainability of donor-supported reforms in agricultural extension
No full textInternational donors have spent billions of dollars over the past four decades in developing and/or reforming the agricultural extension service delivery arrangements in developing countries. However, many of these reforms, supported through short-term projects, became unsustainable once aid funding had ceased. The unavailability of recurrent funding has predominantly been highlighted in the literature as the key reason for this undesirable outcome, while little has been written about institutional factors. The purpose of this article is to examine the usefulness of taking an institutional perspective in explaining the unsustainability of donor-supported extension reforms and derive lessons for improvement. Using a framework drawn from the school of institutionalism in a Bangladeshi case study, we have found that a reform becomes unsustainable because of poor demands for extension information and advice; missing, weak, incongruent, and perverse institutional frameworks governing the exchange of extension goods (services); and a lack of institutional learning and change during the reform process. Accordingly, we have argued that strategies for sustainable extension reforms should move beyond financial considerations and include such measures as making extension goods (services) more tangible and monetary in nature, commissioning in-depth studies to learn about local institutions, crafting new institutions and/or reforming the weak and perverse institutions prevailing in developing countries. We emphasize the need to address three categories of institutions – regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive – and call for an alignment among them. We further argue that, in order to be sustainable, a reform should take a systemic approach in institutional capacity building and, for this to be possible, adopt a long-term program approach, as opposed to a short-term project approach
Reminiscences of Yarrow /
No full text"Supplementary chapters" (biographical sketches of the author, and of his father, Dr. Robert Russell) by Rev. Alex. Williamson : p.[283]-325.Mode of access: Internet
Development of the Zimbabwe family planning program
No full textFamily planning was introduced in Zimbabwe as a voluntary movement in the 1950s. Volunteers formed a Family Planning Association in the mid-1960s. The government became interested in family planning in the late 1960s after analysis of the 1961 population census. It gave the Family Planning Association an annual grant, allowed contraceptives to be available through Ministry of Health facilities, and allowed nonmedical personnel to initiate and resupply family planning clients with condoms and pills. But before Zimbabwe achieved independence in 1980, family planning was viewed with great suspicion by the black majority, so the program's effectiveness was limited to the urban few. A new era began after independence. The new government took over theFamily Planning Association and changed its outlook completely. Through government and international donor support, the family planning program was restructured and expanded. The number of family planning personnel more than doubled in some units. More service delivery points were set up - particularly in rural areas. And the information, education, and communication and evaluation and research units were established. Through a World Bank-assisted project (with grant funding from Norway and Denmark), the Ministry of Health began strengthening its family planning capabilities. These efforts helped increase the contraceptive prevalence rate from about 14 percent in 1982 to 43 percent in 1988. But the program's growth is beginning to stall. More effort and resources are needed if the program is to grow or even maintain its present status. Particularly important are the following: designing innovative strategies to reach hard-to-reach populations; giving more emphasis to information, education, and communication, especially for men and youths, using multimedia; involving other sectors in the delivery of family planning services; broadening the mix of contraceptive methods (especially promoting long-term and permanent methods); making use of alternative family planning delivery systems, such as the use of depot holders, volunteers, and government extension workers; establishing a national population policy; and considering cost recovery and other measures for self-sustainment and program growth.Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,ICT Policy and Strategies,Gender and Health,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Adolescent Health
Trade Update Notes; Report of the Task Force on The Aggregate Measure of Support: Potential Use by GATT for Agriculture
No full textInternational Relations/Trade,
PR-технологии продвижения предприятия индустрии красоты и здоровья (на примере компании Alex fitness в Санкт-Петербурге)
No full textАннотация выпускной квалификационной работы Козловой Екатерины «РR-технологии продвижения предприятия индустрии красоты и здоровья (на примере компании «Alex fitness» в городе Санкт-Петербурге)» Н. рук. – Шишкин Дмитрий Павлович, канд. философ. наук Кафедра связей с общественностью в бизнесе СПбГУ Очная форма обучения Данная дипломная работа направлена на изучение процесса PR-продвижения фитнес клуба на примере сети клубов Alex fitness. Актуальность исследования определяется возрастающей ролью для общества индустрии красоты и здоровья и перспективами развития данной отрасли. Целью является описание комплекса интегрированных коммуникаций индустрии красоты и здоровья на примере сети фитнес клубов и выявление специфики PR-коммуникаций в фитнес-индустрии на примере Alex fitness. Для достижения данной цели автором были поставлены и решены следующие задачи: произвести анализ рынка красоты и здоровья; определить целевую аудиторию индустрии красоты и здоровья; обозначить современные тренды индустрии красоты и здоровья; определить тенденции и перспективы отрасли; изучить коммуникационную деятельность субъекта сферы фитнес-клуба Санкт-Петербурга Alex fitness; проанализировать документы фитнес клубов Санкт-Петербурга. Объект исследования — PR-коммуникации, применяемые в индустрии красоты и здоровья. Предмет исследования — PR-технологии, приемы, методы, используемые в построении данных коммуникаций на примере компании Alex fitness. Теоретической и методологической базой для исследования послужили, во-первых, работы специалистов в области связей с общественностью Д.П. Шишкина, Д.П. Гавры, Ж.А. Романовича, С.Л. Калачёва, О.Г. Филатовой и, во-вторых, работы по менеджменту и маркетингу, касающиеся деятельности фитнес клубов (Е.В.Пантелеева, В.В.Алёшин, В.Е.Борилкевич, В.И.Григорьев, В.И.Жолдак). Эмпирическую базу исследования составили статистические данные и PR-источники Alex fitness, медиатексты в региональных СМИ об Alex fitness, а также материалы качественных и количественных исследований, проведенных автором работы (экспертные интервью, анализ внутренних документов и включенное наблюдение). Структуру работы составляет введение, 2 теоретических главы, практическая глава, заключение, библиографический список, приложения.Abstract of the graduation paper by Kozlova Ekaterina "RR-technology promotion of enterprises of the industry of beauty and health (on the example of the company "Alex fitness" in the city of Saint Petersburg)" Scientific adviser – Shishkin Dmitry Pavlovich, Cand. philosopher. Sciences Department of public relations in business, St. Petersburg state University Full-time education This thesis aims to study the process PR-promotion of the fitness club on the example of a network of clubs Alex fitness. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing role for companies of the beauty industry and health and development prospects of the industry. The aim is to describe the complex integrated communications industry of beauty and health on the example network of fitness clubs and the detection of the specificity of PR-communications in the fitness industry on the example of Alex fitness. To achieve this aim, the author has formulated and solved the following goals: to analyze the market of beauty and health; to identify the target audience of the industry of beauty and health; to identify contemporary trends of the industry of beauty and health; identify trends and prospects of the industry; to study the communication activity of the subject of the scope of the fitness-club of Saint-Petersburg Alex fitness; analyze the documents of fitness clubs in St. Petersburg. The object of research — the PR communications used in the industry of beauty and health. The subject of research — the PR-technologies, techniques and methods used in the construction of data communications in the example company Alex fitness. Theoretical and methodological basis of the study were, first, the work of specialists in the field of public relations D. P. Shishkina, D. P. Gavra, J. A. R., S. L. Kalachev, O. G. Filatova, and second, work on management and marketing, concerning the activities of fitness clubs (E. V. Panteleev, V. V. Aleshin, V. E., Borisevich, V. I. Grigoriev, V. I. Zholdak). The empirical basis of research was statistics and PR sources, Alex fitness, the media texts in the regional media about the Alex fitness, as well as materials qualitative and quantitative research conducted by the author (expert interviews, analysis of internal documents and participant observation). The project is structured in a following way: introduction, 2 theoretical chapters and practical chapter, conclusion, bibliography, applications
Education and earnings inequality in Mexico
No full textEducation attainment levels increased dramatically for Mexico's labor force in the 1980s and early 1990s. In parallel, the country experienced a pronounced increase in earnings inequality from 1984-94, reflected in a higher dispersion of wages and an absolute decline in the real incomes of less educated, poorer Mexicans. This increased wage dispersion presents policymakers with a tradeoff between efficiency considerations (favoring increased spending on higher education) and equity considerations (favoring a more equal distribution of per student spending) in the allocation of fiscal resources to education. The author concludes that the best way to deal with this equity-efficiency tradeoff is to encourage greater private participation in higher education. His main findings are that: a) The accumulation of human capital during 1984-94, as proxied by education attainment, was accompanied by a more equal distribution of education attainment levels over that period and, thus, exerted an equalizing effect on the distribution of incomes. The increased income inequalityobserved over that period appears to be caused by an increased rate of skill-based technological change, whose transmission to Mexico and other developing countries may have been facilitated by the increased openness of their economies. b) The greater dispersion of wager observed in Mexico during the past decade raised the rates of return on investing in higher education, reversing the traditional pattern where primary education exhibits the highest rates of return. c) The social rates of return across levels of schooling were more uniform in 1994 than in 1984, suggesting a more efficient assignment of education spending. At the same time, the distribution of spending on education became more egalitarian, as per student spending in higher education declined markedly compared with per student spending at the primary level. This surprising coincidence in the pattern of spending on education was only possible because Mexico started out with a very distorted resource allocation in education that was both highly inequitable and inefficient. As Mexico's policymakers are on the way to correcting these distortions, the opportunities for avoiding the equity-efficiency tradeoff within Mexico's centralized education framework will become progressively exhausted. d) There is little reason to expect the pace of technological change, which appears mainly responsible for raising wage dispersion and the relative returns on higher education, to abate. Efficiency considerations dictate that Mexico should respond by devoting more resources to higher education. However, the federal budget, which traditionally has financed the lion's share of higher education costs in Mexico, is unable to accommodate additional spending on higher education, while spending cuts elsewhere in the education sector are bound to raise serious equity questions. Thus, to avoid falling behind in terms of human capital accumulation, greater private sector participation is necessary, at least, in terms of cost recovery from the main beneficiaries of higher education.Decentralization,Teaching and Learning,Environmental Economics&Policies,Public Health Promotion,Curriculum&Instruction,Teaching and Learning,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Gender and Education,Curriculum&Instruction
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